Materials Degradation Caused by Acid Rain

449 Pages·1986·11.99 MB·English

by  Robert Baboian (Eds.)

Materials Degradation
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ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 318
Materials Degradation
Caused by Acid Rain
Robert Baboian, EDITOR
Texas Instruments, Inc.
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8.f Developed from a symposium sponsored by
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6-0 the Division of
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9 Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Inc.
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b at the 20th State-of-the-Art Symposium
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1 Arlington, Virginia,
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d June 17-19, 1985
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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1986
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Materials degradation caused by acid rain.
(ACS symposium series, ISSN 0097 6156; 318)
"Developed from a symposium sponsored by the
Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Inc.,
at the 20th State-of-the-Art Symposium of the
American Chemical Society, Arlington, Virginia,
June 17-19, 1985."
Bibliography: p.
01 Includes index.
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w 1. Materials—Deterioration—Congresses. 2. Acid
8.f rain—Congresses. 3. Weathering—Congresses. 4. Acid
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3 Rain Deposition—Congresses.
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86- I. Baboian, Robert. II. American Chemical Society.
19 Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.
k- III. Series.
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1/ TA418.74.M38 1986 620.1'1223 86-20560
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0 ISBN 0-8412-0988-X
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e Copyright © 1986
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Se American Chemical Society
ate: All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ACS Symposium Series
M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor
Advisory Board
Harvey W. Blanch Donald E. Moreland
University of California—Berkeley USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Alan Elzerman W. H. Norton
Clemson University J. T. Baker Chemical Company
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w0 John W. Finley James C. Randall
8.f Nabisco Brands, Inc. Exxon Chemical Company
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6- Marye Anne Fox W. D. Shults
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1 The University of Texas—Austin Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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2 Martin L. Gorbaty Geoffrey K. Smith
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0. Exxon Research and Engineering Co. Rohm & Haas Co.
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d Roland F. Hirsch Charles S.Tuesday
86 | U.S. Department of Energy General Motors Research Laboratory
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25, Rudolph J. Marcus Douglas B. Walters
ber Consultant, Computers & National Institute of
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e Chemistry Research Environmental Health
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Dat Battelle Columbus Laboratories IBM Research Department
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FOREWORD
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w The ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was founded in 1974 to provide a
8.f medium for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
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98 IN CHEMISTRY SERIES except that, in order to save time, the
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1 the supervision of the Editors with the assistance of the Series
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oi: 1 Advisory Board and are selected to maintain the integrity of the
d symposia; however, verbatim reproductions of previously pub
86 | lished papers are not accepted. Both reviews and reports of
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5, 1 research are acceptable, because symposia may embrace both
er 2 types of presentation.
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e: Left side-right side comparison of the Statue of Liberty torch shows darkening of
at the left side facing Manhattan and the northeast. Darkening of the left side is due to
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1/b Corrosion of bronze, commonly termed "bronze plague," in the Torrey monument in
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Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete (elevated highway, Providence, RI), where
road de-icing salts combine with acid precipitation to produce a severe environment.
(Photo by Robert Baboian.)
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PREFACE
ACID RAIN IS AN IMPORTANT AND GROWING TOPIC. This book addresses
the important materials problems resulting from acid deposition. It is
divided into five sections: Measurement and Monitoring of Atmospheric
Deposition, Metallic Corrosion, Masonry Deterioration, Degradation of
Organics, and Economic Effects.
The section on measurement and monitoring concentrates on the scope
of the acid deposition problem. This includes wet deposition chemistry, dry
deposition, fog and cloud water, and the composition of dew.
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86 | aluminum automobile trim.
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er 2 sandstone, marble, concrete, brick, and mortar as related to acid deposition
mb effects on structures such as buildings and on cultural resources such as
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Auto body corrosion adjacent to stainless steel trim occurs in environments where
de-icing salts are used. The effects of acid deposition combined with road salts
produces a synergystic effect on the degradation of automobiles. (Photo by Robert
Baboian.)
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The section on degradation of organics deals with paints, plastics,
nylon, wood, and architectural organics. The effects of acid deposition on
wood and other cellulosic materials are described. Strength losses in wood
may be caused by hydrolytic degradation of the hemicelluloses and a
sulfonation reaction of the lignin. Thus, the fibrils and matrix structure is
affected. Cotton materials can be affected similarly, and soiling will result.
The effect of acid deposition of nylon is indicative of a potentially shorter
serviceable lifetime for outdoor fabrics.
The section on economic effects presents the methodology used in
assessing costs of degradation of materials due to acid deposition. The
difficulty in accurately assessing the cost of materials degradation by acid
deposition is described in this section. Thus, the various techniques used
have a high degree of uncertainty.
In summary, this book serves to provide information on the wide range
of materials affected by acid deposition. Although a large amount of
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0 ROBERT BABOIAN
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0. Electrochemical and Corrosion Laboratory
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25, Organizing Committee for the Symposium
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ept Texas Instruments Inc. Environmental Protection Agency
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Dat Edward Escalante, Session Chairman Hugh C. Miller
on National Bureau of Standards National Park Service
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U.S. Bureau of Mines Shane Associates
James H. Gibson, Session Chairman Susan Sherwood, Session Chairman
Colorado State University National Park Service
Ray Hermann Thaddeus Whyte
National Park Service The PQ Corporation
Frederick W. Lipfert, Session Chairman William E. Wilson
Brookhaven National Laboratory Environmental Protection Agency
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