material allowable strength data - the Light Aircraft Association PDF
Preview material allowable strength data - the Light Aircraft Association
TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Design Allowables Data Sheet A Metallic Materials B Threaded Fasteners C Wire Ropes and Cables D Wood E Rivets Issue Status Iss Date Change Description No. 1 29/06/06 Initial Issue, Metallic Materials Only Following Sections Added: 2 11/07/06 Threaded Fasteners Wire Ropes & Cables Wood 3 07/06/07 Following Section Added: Rivets Notes on Blind Rivets added. Following Steels Added: 4 27/06/07 S510 S514 S515 T45 Page 1 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Correction to lb.in to N.mm conversion 5 01/11/07 factor. Affects bolt and plywood bending allowables. 6 18/01/08 Notes on 4340 temper levels added 7 14/02/14 Page 2 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA A Metallic Materials IMPORTANT: Guidelines For Use 1. The Design Allowable strengths presented here are taken from Data Sources acceptable to the LAA. Within each material designation, considerable variation in properties may occur, due to the factors listed below. The values chosen represent the worst case figures from all of the cases provided by the relevant Data Sources. As worst case data is provided, it may be possible for any specific case, to find allowables considerably higher than those given. Using low allowables will increase the weight of the item being designed. If weight-saving is of high importance in the design, then it is recommended that the user goes directly to the original Data Sources to obtain higher allowables. For example, for small modifications or repair schemes, the weight penalty involved in using these allowable, will be small, but for a major mod or a completely new airframe design, the weight penalty may be significant. 2. Where these LAA design allowables are used in a submission or report to the LAA, the user should include a reference to this data sheet. 3. All of the figures given are for room temperature applications only. The user should seek relevant specific data for elevated temperature applications. 4. For each material designation, a list of heat treatments and temper conditions is provided. The design allowable given is the worst case for all of the conditions listed. If the user has a material condition not listed, the LAA allowable should not be used, and a relevant specific figure obtained elsewhere. 5. Yield strengths should be compared with Limit Loads, and Ultimate strengths should be compared with Ultimate Loads. 6. The Young’s Modulus figures quoted are lowest value. This will be conservative when using the value to calculate buckling loads. Page 3 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA 7. The density figures quoted are lowest value. This WILL NOT be conservative from a weight estimation point of view. 8. Down factored allowables must be used in the heat affected zone of welded structures. If not given on this data sheet for the material in question, then the LAA allowable should not be used and a relevant specific figure obtained elsewhere. 9. The correct abbreviation for each quantity, in the applicable Data Source, is given. Factors Affecting Design Allowables from Data Sources • Material Shape and Form:- The thickness of a material can have a large effect on it’s allowable strength. The way in which it was formed (e.g. rolled or extruded) can also have an influence. • Anisotropy:- The strength of some metals can vary dependent on the direction of the applied load, relative to the crystal structure (i.e. grain) of the metal. • Heat Treatment:- Heat treatment or temper conditions can have a dramatic effect on the properties of metal alloys. • Statistical Basis:- Design data is generated from large numbers of physical tests. The more samples tested, the higher the confidence that can be assigned to the figures obtained. The statistical basis of the data concerns the number of samples, and the way in which the resulting data is manipulated to obtain the design allowable. The three bases usually quoted are named A, B and S. The LAA design allowables are the lowest figure of all the bases quoted in the Data Source. Page 4 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Contents Steels AISI 4130 (Normalised, tempered & stress relieved) AISI 4130 (Quenched & tempered) AISI 4130 Welded allowables AISI 4340 S 96 S 99 S 510 S 514 S 515 T 45 Aluminium Alloys AISI 2014 AISI 2024 AISI 6061 AISI 7075 L 114 L 163 (was L 72) L 168 (was L 65) Page 5 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Steels Material Designation 4130 Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H Data Source Reference Table 2.3.1.0(C1) Sheet, Strip, Plate Available Forms & Tubing Normalised, Heat Treatments and Tempers Tempered & Stress- Relieved 3 Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0 E GPa 200 3 lb/in 0.283 ω Density 3 g/cm 7.83 Ultimate Tensile ksi 90 Ftu Strength MPa 621 ksi 70 Tensile Yield Strength Fty MPa 483 Ultimate Shear ksi 54 Fsu Strength MPa 372 Ultimate Bearing ksi 190 Fbru Strength MPa 1310 ksi 120 Yield Bearing Strength Fbry MPa 827 Page 6 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Material Designation 4130 Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H Data Source Reference Table 2.3.1.0(C2) Available Forms Tubing Heat Treatments and Tempers Quenched & Tempered 3 Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0 E GPa 200 3 lb/in 0.283 ω Density 3 g/cm 7.83 Ultimate Tensile ksi 125 Ftu Strength MPa 862 ksi 100 Tensile Yield Strength Fty MPa 689 Ultimate Shear ksi 75 Fsu Strength MPa 517 Ultimate Bearing ksi 194 Fbru Strength MPa 1338 ksi 146 Yield Bearing Strength Fbry MPa 1007 Page 7 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Material Designation 4130 Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H Data Source Reference Table 8.2.2.1.1 (a) Available Forms - Welded (Heat Affected Zone) Heat Treatments and Tempers No heat treatment after welding. Ultimate Tensile ksi 72 Ftu Strength MPa 496 Ultimate Shear ksi 43 Fsu Strength MPa 296 Page 8 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Material Designation 4340 Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H Data Source Reference Table 2.3.1.0(f1) Bar, Forging & Available Forms Tubing Quenched & Tempered Heat Treatments and Tempers N.B SEE NOTE BELOW 3 Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0 E GPa 200 3 lb/in 0.283 ω Density 3 g/cm 7.83 Ultimate Tensile ksi 260 Ftu Strength MPa 1793 ksi 217 Tensile Yield Strength Fty MPa 1496 Ultimate Shear ksi 156 Fsu Strength MPa 1076 Ultimate Bearing ksi 347 Fbru Strength MPa 2392 ksi 312 Yield Bearing Strength Fbry MPa 2151 NOTE 4340 can be obtained in a variety of heat treatment conditions. This reference quotes the HIGHEST only. Contact LAA Engineering if using a lower heat treatement or normalised 4340. Page 9 of 84 TL 1.16 Issue 7 14 Feb 2014 MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA Material Designation S 96 ESDU 00-932 Iss 2. Data Source Reference 1988 Available Forms Bars & Forgings Heat Treatments and Tempers 3 Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.6 E GPa 204 3 lb/in 0.284 ρ Density 3 g/cm 7.86 Ultimate Tensile ksi 123 ft Strength MPa 849 ksi 99 Tensile Yield Strength t2 MPa 680 Ultimate Shear ksi 81 fso Strength MPa 560 Ultimate Bearing ksi Strength MPa ksi 141 Yield Bearing Strength b10 MPa 973 Page 10 of 84
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