Mastering Apache Velocity

375 Pages·2003·2.4 MB·English

by  Jim Cole

Y

L
F

M

A

E

T

Team-Fly®
Mastering Apache Velocity
Joseph D. Gradecki
Jim Cole
Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Mastering Apache Velocity
Joseph D. Gradecki
Jim Cole
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Publisher: Joe Wikert Copyeditor: Elizabeth Welch
Executive Editor: Robert Elliott Compositors: Gina Rexrode and Amy Hassos
Editorial Manager: Kathryn Malm
Managing Editor: Vincent Kunkemueller
Book Producer: Ryan Publishing Group, Inc.
Copyright © 2003 by Joseph D. Gradecki and Jim Cole. All rights reserved.
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as
permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee
to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, [phone],
fax [phone]. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal
Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, [phone],
fax [phone], E-mail: [email protected].
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in
preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or com-
pleteness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of mer-
chantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales
representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suit-
able for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the pub-
lisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but
not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care
Department within the United States at [phone], outside the United States at [phone]
or fax [phone].
Trademarks:Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo and related trade dress are trademarks or registered
trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries,
and may not be used without written permission. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. All
other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated
with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print
may not be available in electronic books.
ISBN: 0-471-45794-9
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CO NTE NTS
About the Authors xi
Introduction xiii
What’s in This Book xiv
Who Should Read This Book xiv
Book Organization xv
Part I Introduction to Velocity and MVC
Chapter 1 Web Development Basics 1
Static Web Pages 1
Introducing CGI 2
Scripting: JSP/ASP/PHP 3
Future Development 4
What's Next 5
Chapter 2 MVC Fundamentals 7
Mixing Presentation and Logic 7
Smalltalk-80 MVC Triad 10
The Model 11
The View 12
The Controller 12
The MVC Architecture 12
Sun Models 1 and 2 13
Extending MVC to Web Applications 13
A Practical MVC 14
What's Next 16
Chapter 3 Introduction to Velocity 17
What Is Velocity? 17
How It Works 18
Designing the Page 18
Requesting the Right Information 19
Coding the Information 19
Displaying the Information 20
Velocity Features 21
What's Next 22
iii
iv Contents
Part II Velocity Basics
Chapter 4 Installing Velocity 23
Prerequisites 23
Obtaining Velocity 24
Velocity Versions 27
Compiling Velocity 27
Testing the Velocity Installation 30
Running the Examples 31
examples/appexample1 31
examples/appexample2 31
examples/servletexample1 31
examples/servletexample2 32
examples/context_example 33
examples/logger_example 34
examples/xmlapp_example 34
examples/event_example 35
What's Next 35
Chapter 5 Building a Hello World Example 37
Hello World! 37
A Velocity Template without Context 38
The Velocity Template with Context 41
Velocity and the Web 42
What's Next 44
Chapter 6 Understanding Templates and Context 45
Using Templates 45
The Context 49
Putting the Pieces Together 50
What's Next 55
Chapter 7 Exploring References 57
Reference Types 57
Variables 58
Methods 63
Properties 66
Formal Reference Notation 70
Quiet Notation 71
Escaping References 72
What's Next 76
Chapter 8 Using Directives 77
#stop 77
#include 80
#parse 83
Contents v
#set 85
#end 93
#if 94
#else 96
#elseif 97
#foreach 100
#macro 105
Escaping Directives 105
What's Next 107
Chapter 9 Introducing Velocimacros 109
Argument Passing 109
Inline vs. Library Macros 114
Velocimacro Properties 115
velocimacro.library 115
velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline 115
velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline.to.replace.global 116
velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline.local.scope 116
velocimacro.context.localscope 116
velocimacro.library.autoreload 116
velocimacro.messages.on 117
Nesting and Recursion 117
What's Next 118
Chapter 10 Taking Control of Velocity 119
Initializing the Runtime Configuration 119
More Velocity Properties 123
Directive Properties 123
Encoding 124
Logging 125
Resource Management 126
Miscellaneous 128
Resource Loaders 129
Events 130
Context Chaining 133
Managing Whitespace 134
Singleton vs. Non-Singleton 137
What's Next 137
Part III Developing with Velocity
Chapter 11 Velocity, XML, and Anakia 139
Accessing XML in Velocity Templates 139
Velocity and Anakia 142
The Ant Build Task 142
Source Documents 144
vi Contents
Anakia Velocity Stylesheets 145
Context References 149
Outputting XML Using Velocity 150
The Artist Query XML 150
The Full CD Report XML 152
What's Next 154
Chapter 12 Using Velocity with Servlets 155
Using Servlets 155
A Common Format for Servlets 156
Extending Servlets with VelocityServlet 157
Basic Velocity Servlet Code 157
Creating an MVC Application 160
The Database Structure 161
Database Access 162
The Model Code 163
The View Code 166
The Controller Code 170
Advanced Servlet Functionality 175
Adding Reports 178
What's Next 183
Chapter 13 Velocity and Internationalization 185
Java Internationalization Components 185
The Java Locale Class 186
Resource Bundles 186
An International CD Web Application 187
What's Next 193
Chapter 14 Using Velocity and Turbine 195
What Is Turbine? 195
The Turbine Architecture 196
The Action Module 197
The Navigation Module 198
The Screen Module 198
The Layout Module 198
The Page Module 198
Module Object Encapsulation 199
How Does It Work? 200
Obtaining and Installing TDK 201
Testing the TDK Installation 202
Your First Turbine Application 203
Dissecting the Application 206
Adding a User with testApplication 215
Rebuilding and Deployment 220
Advanced Velocity in Turbine 220
What's Next 222
Contents vii
Chapter 15 Using Velocity and Maverick 223
How Maverick Works 224
The Load Process 225
The Execution Process 225
Downloading and Installing Maverick 226
Requirements 227
Installing Maverick 227
Testing the Installation with the FriendBook Application 228
Installing the Optional Velocity Module 228
The Maverick Hello World 229
Writing the web.xml File 229
Writing the maverick.xml File 231
Building Controller Classes 232
Building View Files 233
Velocity and Maverick 234
Commands 235
Controllers 237
Velocity Templates 240
What's Next 246
Chapter 16 Velocity IDEs 247
IntelliJ's IDEA 247
UltraEdit 250
JEdit 251
TextPad 252
Emacs 252
What's Next 253
Chapter 17 Using Velocity and Struts 255
Introducing Struts 255
Installing Struts 256
A Sample Application 257
Building the ActionForm 257
Creating an Action 258
Configuring Struts 259
The web.xml File 260
The Success Page 262
The Register Page 263
Setup 265
What's Next 266
Chapter 18 The Hotel Reservation Velocity Application 269
The Hotel Specifications 269
The Hotel Architecture 270
The Hotel Database Schema 271
Configuring the Maverick XML 272