Master Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery: Skull Base Surgery PDF
Preview Master Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery: Skull Base Surgery
(c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. MASTER TECHNIQUES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgery SKULL BASE SURGERY (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. MASTER TECHNIQUES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgery SKULL BASE SURGERY Series Editor Eugene N. Myers, MD, FACS, FRCS Edin (Hon) Distinguished Professor Emeritus Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Professor Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Editors Carl H. Snyderman, MD, MBA Professor Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Co-Director Center for Cranial Base Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Paul A. Gardner, MD Associate Professor Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Co-Director Center for Cranial Base Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. Acquisitions Editor: Ryan Shaw Product Development Editor: Brendan Huffman Production Product Manager: David Orzechowski Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Strategic Marketing Manager: Daniel Dressler Creative Services Director: Doug Smock Production Service: SPi Global Copyright © 2015 by Wolters Kluwer Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including pho- tocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Head and neck surgery. Skull base surgery / [edited by] Carl H. Snyderman, Paul Gardner. — First edition. p. ; cm. — (Master techniques in otolaryngology) Skull base surgery Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4511-7362-8 I. Snyderman, Carl H., editor of compilation. II. Gardner, Paul A. (Paul Andrew), 1973- editor of compilation. III. Title: Skull base surgery. IV. Series: Master techniques in otolaryngology. [DNLM: 1. Skull Base—surgery. 2. Craniotomy—methods. 3. Reconstructive Surgical Procedures—methods. WE 705] RD529 617.5’14—dc23 2014004151 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accor- dance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the rec- ommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. 0002121451.INDD 4 8/26/2014 12:10:15 PM This volume on skull base surgery is dedicated to the visionary pioneers who had the courage, creativity, and dedication to patients to tackle the problems of the skull base, and to the next generation of skull base surgeons who will continue the cycle of innovation. We are especially indebted to Dr. Eugene N. Myers (series editor) for his unflagging support and mentorship and to Mary Jo Tutchko for her tireless efforts on our behalf. None of this would have been possible without their selfless dedication. (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. 0002121451.INDD 5 8/26/2014 12:10:15 PM Contributors Vijay K. Anand, MD Franco DeMonte, MD Richard J. Harvey, MD Clinical Professor Professor Associate Professor and Program Head Department of Otolaryngology and Head Departments of Neurosurgery and Head Department of Rhinology and Skull Base and Neck Surgery and Neck Surgery UNSW and Macquarie University Weill Cornell Medical College The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Associate Professor Attending Surgeon Cancer Center Departments of Otolaryngology/Skull Department of Otolaryngology and Head Houston, Texas Base Surgery and Neck Surgery St. Vincent’s Hospital New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD, FACS Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia Cornell Medical Center Professor and Chairman Peter H. Hwang, MD New York, New York Theodore S. Roberts Endowed Chair Professor Department of Neurological Surgery Pete S. Batra, MD, FACS University of Washington School of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Stanton A. Friedberg, MD, Professor and Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Chairman Seattle, Washington Chief Co-Director, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Giorgio Frank, MD Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Medical Center and Neck Surgery Center for Pituitary Surgery and Endoscopic Stanford, California Rush University Medical Center Surgery of the Anterior Skull Base Chicago, Illinois Hospital Bellaria Daniel F. Kelly, MD Bologna, Italy Professor of Neurosurgery Roy R. Casiano, MD Director Professor and Vice Chairman Paul A. Gardner, MD Brain Tumor Center and Pituitary Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Associate Professor Disorders Program Program Department of Neurological Surgery John Wayne Cancer Institute Providence Department of Otolaryngology, Head and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Saint John’s Health Center Neck Surgery Co-Director Santa Monica, California University of Miami, Miller School of Center for Cranial Base Surgery Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Dennis Kraus, MD Miami, Florida Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Director New York Head and Neck Institute Paolo Castelnuovo, MD Ziv Gil, MD, PhD NSLIJ—Lenox Hill Hospital Professor Associate Professor New York, New York Department of Biotechnology and Life The Clinical Research Institute at Rambam Ali F. Krisht, MD Sciences Rappaport School of Medicine University of Insubria, Varese The Technion Israel Institute of Director Chief Technology Arkansas Neuroscience Institute Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chairman St. Vincent Infirmary Ospedale di Circolo Fondazione Macchi Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Little Rock, Arkansas Varese, Italy Neck Surgery Kurt Laedrach, MD, DMD Rambam Healthcare Campus Medical Director William T. Couldwell, MD, PhD Haifa, Israel Department for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Jospeh J. Yager Professor and Chairman University Hospital of Bern Department of Neurosurgery Atul Goel, MCh Bern, Switzerland University of Utah School of Medicine Professor and Head Salt Lake City, Utah Department of Neurosurgery Edward R. Laws, Jr., MD, FACS King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Professor Johnny B. Delashaw, MD G.S. Medical College Department of Neurosurgery The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Mumbai, India Harvard Medical School Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment Professor Department of Neurosurgery Chester F. Griffiths, MD Department of Neurosurgery Swedish Medical Center Pacific Eye and Ear Specialists Brigham and Women’s Hospital Seattle, Washington Los Angeles, California Boston, Massachusetts vii (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. John P. Leonetti, MD Theodore H. Schwartz, MD, FACS Mark A. Varvares, MD Professor and Vice Chairman Professor Professor and Donald and Marlene Department of Otolaryngology Departments of Neurosurgery, Endowed Chair Loyola University School of Medicine Otolaryngology, Neurology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Director, Cranial Base Tumor Surgery and Neuroscience Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Weill Cornell Medical College Director Loyola University School of Medicine Attending Neurosurgeon Saint Louis University Cancer Center Maywood, Illinois New York Presbyterian Hospital Saint Louis University New York, New York Chief Lawrence J. Marentette, MD Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Chandranath Sen, MD Professor Neck Surgery Professor Departments of Otolaryngology— Saint Louis University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery Head and Neck Surgery, Oral and St Louis, Missouri New York University Maxillofacial Surgery, and Neurosurgery Attending Surgeon University of Michigan Medical School Allan Vescan, MD Department of Neurosurgery Medical Director Assistant Professor New York University-Langone Medical Departments of Otolaryngology— Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Center Head and Neck Surgery, Oral and Neck Surgery New York, New York Maxillofacial Surgery, and Neurosurgery University of Toronto University of Michigan Health System Dharambir S. Sethi, FRCSEd Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ann Arbor, Michigan Associate Professor, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Ian J. Witterick, MD, MSc Kris S. Moe, MD National University of Singapore Professor and Chair Professor Visiting Consultant, Department of Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Chief, Division of Facial Plastic and Otolaryngology Neck Surgery Reconstructive Surgery Singapore General Hospital University of Toronto School of Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Singapore Medicine Neck Surgery and Neurological Surgery Chief University of Washington School of Carl H. Snyderman, MD, MBA Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Medicine Professor Neck Surgery Seattle, Washington Departments of Otolaryngology and Mount Sinai Hospital Neurological Surgery Toronto, Ontario, Canada Daniel W. Nuss, MD, FACS University of Pittsburgh School of George D. Lyons Professor and Chairman Medicine Peter-John Wormald, MD, FRAC, FCS(SA), Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Co-Director FRCS I(Ed), MbChB Neck Surgery Center for Cranial Base Surgery Professor and Chair Professor, Department of Neurosurgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Department of Otolaryngology—Head and and Neurosciences Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Neck Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences C. Arturo Solares, MD, FACS The University of Adelaide Center Associate Professor Chairman New Orleans, Louisiana Departments of Head and Neck Surgery Department of Otolaryngology—Head and and Neurosurgery Neck Surgery Ernesto Pasquini, MD Co-Director, Center for Skull Base Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Georgia Regents University Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Center for Pituitary Surgery and Endoscopic Augusta, Georgia Surgery of the Anterior Skull Base Adam M. Zanation, MD Hospital Bellaria Aldo C. Stamm, MD Associate Professor Medical Director Associate Professor Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Otolaryngology Unit Department of ENT—Head and Surgery Neck Surgery Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi Federal University of São Paulo University of North Carolina Bologna, Italy Head Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Otolaryngology Guy J. Petruzzelli, MD, PhD, MBA, FACS Hospital Professor Edmundo Vasconcelos Professor São Paulo, Brazil Lee A. Zimmer, MD, PhD Department of Surgery Associate Professor Head, Neck, and Endocrine Surgery Charles Teo, MBBS, FRACS Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Mercer School of Medicine Associate Professor Neck Surgery Physician-in-Chief Department of Neurosurgery University of Cincinnati Curtis and Elizabeth Anderson Cancer University of New South Wales Director, Rhinology and Anterior Cranial Institute Director Base Surgery Vice-President for Oncology Programs Center for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery University of Cincinnati Medical Memorial University Medical Center Prince of Wales Private Hospital Center Savannah, Georgia Randwick, New South Wales, Australia Cincinnati, Ohio (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. 0002121451.INDD 8 8/26/2014 12:10:16 PM Preface Skull base surgery has witnessed several eras of major disruption and innovation. Each transition has been characterized by a conflict between early adopters and skeptics. Eventually, the excessive enthusiasm of the early adopters is tempered by increased experience and evidence-based analysis of outcomes. The most recent example is the dichotomy between external (open) and endonasal (endoscopic) approaches to the skull base. The adoption of endoscopic techniques over the last decade has been primarily driven by endoscopic surgeons (rhinologists and pituitary surgeons) as opposed to oncologic head and neck surgeons (traditional skull base surgeons). This results in a knowledge and skills gap that can only be addressed through greater collaboration and integrated educational programs. Skull base surgery is perhaps unique among the surgical specialties as a true model of interdisciplinary collaboration. The synergy in learning that occurs through collaboration benefits our patients and drives inno- vation across specialties. This volume on skull base surgery is unique in that it achieves equipoise between the competitive and complementary fields of open and endoscopic skull base surgery. We have succeeded in capturing the secrets of expert skull base surgeons from around the world. Overlap in surgical procedures is intentional and provides an opportunity to compare the benefits and limitations of different approaches and techniques. The format of the chapters is designed to provide the essential information in an accessible format. Some of the chapters describe time-tested techniques that every skull base surgeon should master whereas oth- ers are devoted to the latest endoscopic techniques, still in a period of evolution. We are indebted to the authors for investing the time to share their invaluable experience in their own words. We hope that this volume will be the definitive source for skull base surgeons of all types for many years to come. We would be guilty of hubris not to realize, however, that all knowledge is fleeting, especially in a field as dynamic as skull base surgery. Carl H. Snyderman, MD, MBA Paul A. Gardner, MD ix (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. Contents Contributors vii 10 Pterional/Orbital–Pterional Craniotomy 103 Preface ix Ali F. Krisht PART I: SPHENOID AND PARASELLAR 11 Endonasal Transfrontal Approach to the Anterior Cranial Base 115 REGIONS 1 Peter-John Wormald 1 Optic Nerve Decompression 1 12 Endonasal Transcribriform Approach to the Pete S. Batra Anterior Cranial Fossa 123 Paul A. Gardner and Carl H. Snyderman 2 Endonasal Approach to the Sella 7 Dharambir S. Sethi 13 Endonasal Transplanum Approach to the Anterior Cranial Fossa 131 3 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Sella Theodore H. Schwartz and Vijay K. Anand for Pituitary Adenomas and Rathke’s Cleft Cysts 23 14 Endonasal Transorbital Approach to the Anterior Daniel F. Kelly and Chester F. Griffiths Cranial Fossa 143 Lee A. Zimmer 4 Transcranial Approaches to the Sella, Suprasellar, and Parasellar Area 37 15 Transorbital Endoscopic Approaches to the Atul Goel Anterior Cranial Fossa 151 Richard G. Ellenbogen and Kris S. Moe 5 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Medial Cavernous Sinus 59 16 Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Anterior Charles Teo Cranial Fossa 165 Charles Teo 6 Endonasal Suprasellar Approach 67 Edward R. Laws, Jr. 17 Endonasal Resection of the Anterior Cranial Base 173 7 Transpterygoid Approach to the Lateral Recess Roy R. Casiano of the Sphenoid Sinus 73 Paolo Castelnuovo 18 Transcranial Approach for Anterior Craniofacial Resection 185 8 Transsphenoidal Approach to the Medial Petrous Franco DeMonte Apex 83 Ian J. Witterick 19 Anterior Craniofacial Resection: Endoscopic Assisted 197 PART II: ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 93 Richard J. Harvey and Charles Teo 20 Facial Translocation Approach to the Central 9 Craniotomy for Suprasellar Tumor 93 Cranial Base 209 William T. Couldwell Daniel W. Nuss xi (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. xii Contents 21 Anterior Craniofacial Resection: Midfacial 33 Postauricular Approach to the Infratemporal Degloving 225 Skull Base 335 Lawrence J. Marentette John P. Leonetti 22 Anterior Craniofacial Resection: Lateral 34 Transorbital Endoscopic Approaches to the Rhinotomy 231 Middle Cranial Fossa 343 Guy J. Petruzzelli Kris S. Moe and Richard G. Ellenbogen 23 Anterior Craniofacial Resection: Raveh PART IV: POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 357 Technique 239 Kurt Laedrach 35 Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Transposition 24 Cranialization of the Frontal Sinus 251 Approach to the Superior Clivus 357 Dennis Kraus Paul A. Gardner and Carl H. Snyderman 25 Frontal Sinus Osteoplastic Flap with and without 36 Transclival Approach to the Middle and Lower Obliteration 259 Clivus 365 Peter H. Hwang Paul A. Gardner and Carl H. Snyderman 37 Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the PART III: MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA 267 Craniocervical Junction and Odontoid 373 Carl H. Snyderman and Paul A. Gardner 26 Suprapetrous Approach to the Lateral Cavernous Sinus 267 38 Combined Supra- and Infratentorial Presigmoid Retrolabyrinthine Transpetrosal Approach 381 Giorgio Frank and Ernesto Pasquini Chandranath Sen 27 Suprapetrous Approach to Meckel’s Cave and the Middle Cranial Fossa 277 39 Far Lateral Transcervical Approach to the Lower Clivus and Upper Cervical Spine 391 Paul A. Gardner and Carl H. Snyderman William T. Couldwell 28 Infrapetrous Approach to the Jugular Foramen 285 PART V: RECONSTRUCTION 401 Paul A. Gardner and Carl H. Snyderman 29 Surgery for Angiofibroma 293 40 Nonvascularized Repair of Small Dural Defects 401 Aldo C. Stamm Vijay K. Anand and Theodore H. Schwartz 30 Modified Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy 303 41 Nonvascularized Repair of Large Dural Johnny B. Delashaw Defects 407 Paolo Castelnuovo 31 Preauricular Approach to the Infratemporal Skull Base 309 42 Nasoseptal Flap 417 Ziv Gil Allan Vescan 32 Anterior Transpetrosal Approach to the Middle Cranial Fossa and Posterior Cranial Fossa 325 43 Middle Turbinate Flap 423 Chandranath Sen C. Arturo Solares (c) 2015 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. 0002121451.INDD 12 8/26/2014 12:10:18 PM
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