Master of Science in Agriculture Master of Science in Agriculture

160 Pages·2013·4.8 MB·English

A STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY AND
AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION IN RAJASTHAN

Thesis

Submitted to the
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
PANTNAGAR-263 145 (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, INDIA

By

Vishanu Kumar Agarwal

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

MMMMaaaasssstttteeeerrrr ooooffff SSSScccciiiieeeennnncccceeee iiiinnnn AAAAggggrrrriiiiccccuuuullllttttuuuurrrreeee

(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS)

AUGUST, 2013
AAAACCCCKKKKNNNNOOOOWWWWLLLLEEEEDDDDGGGGEEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT

I shall ever, remain thankfully indebted to all those learned souls, my present and former teachers,
known and unknown hands who directly motivated me to achieve my goal and enlightened me with the touch
of their knowledge and constant encouragement. I feel this is an extremely significant and joyous opportunity
bestowed upon me by the goddess of learning, to think about and thank all those persons. I am most thankful
to the almighty for blessing me with enough patience, endurance and strength in accomplishment of my
targets and endeavours.
At the outset of this epistle, I consider myself fortunate and greatly privileged to have worked under
the supervision and guidance of Dr. S. K. Srivastava, Assistant Professor and chairperson of my advisory
committee. Words are inadequate to express my sincere and deepest feelings of gratitude originating from the
innermost core of my heart for his benevolent guidance, meticulous supervision, whole hearted encouragement,
critical appreciation in execution of my work and for all the trust he had in my ability primarily responsible
for the present accomplishment.
With stupendous ecstasy and profundity of complacency, I pronounce utmost of gratitude to
members of my advisory committee, Dr. S. P. Singh, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr.
A. K. Singhal, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics. Besides their relentless efforts, sagacious
guidance and faultless planning I am grateful to them for their salutary advice, kind co-operation and
congenial discussion on an array of topics.
I am thankful to Dean, Post Graduate studies and Dean, College of Agriculture, Director,
Experimental Station, Dean, Student welfare and University Librarian for providing me necessary facilities
needed to conduct the study.
It is my pleasure to acknowledge the help rendered by Dr. M. L. Sharma, Head, Department of
Agricultural economics, Dr. Jagdish Kumar, Professor, Dr. H. N. Singh, Associate Professor, Dr. Anil
Kumar, Associate Professor, Dr. Virendra Singh, Assistant Professor, Dr. Chandra, Assistant professor and
Dr. Vijay Kumar Pal, Teaching Personnel and technical and supporting staffs of Department of Agricultural
Economics for their suggestions, cooperation, constant help and advice during my research work which proved
to be of immense help.
It is difficult to express the gratitude I owe to my friends Ankit Anand, Vikram yogi for their
cooperative hands in my research work. I extent my warm thanks to all my batchmates especially Dr.
Shibasish, Jugal, Devesh, Dhanpal, Mahipal, Ashish Sir, Swati, Amita, Harshikh, and Deepshikha without
their help and guidance it was not possible to do this tedious job. Special thanks to all my seniors especially
Bhaskar Sir, Ravindra Sir, Rajesh Bishnoi, V. Prakash Sir, Pankaj Sir, Kishor Sir, Rajani Ma’m, Manish
ma’m, Arpita ma’m, Minakshi ma’m, Swati Ma’m and juniors particularly Anuj, Dhiraj, Dinesh, Anond,
Hamid, Amar, Deepak, Anjan, Ankit, Amit, Dlikhush and Anus.

I am very fortunate and lucky to have the ceaseless encouragement and love from my family. The
continuous support, moral boost up and blessings of my parents Mr. Sitaram Agarwal and Mrs. Urmila
Agarwal has been bestowing confidence and zeal at every stair of the life.
I am obliged to Indian Council of Agricultural Research for awarding me Junior Research
Fellowship (ICAR-JRF) during my course of study at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology.
Formal words of acknowledgement will not project the picture of the volcano of feelings while
expressing deep sense of gratitude of many known and unknown hands which pushed me forward, lips put
elixir in my heart, learned souls put me on the right path and enlightened me with their experience,
knowledge and wisdom.

Pantnagar (Vishanu Kumar Agarwal)
August, 2013 Author
Department of Agricultural Economics
Dr. S. K. Srivastava College of Agriculture
G.B. Pant Univ. of Agric. & Tech.,
Assistant Professor
Pantnagar - 263 145, Distt.– U.S. Nagar
Uttarakhand, INDIA

CC EE RR TT II FF II CC AA TT EE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “A STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION IN
RAJASTHAN” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture with major in Agricultural Economics, of the
College of Post-Graduate Studies, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and
Technology, Pantnagar, is a record of bona-fide research carried out by Mr.
Vishanu Kumar Agarwal, Id. No. 42797, under my supervision and no part of
the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma.
The assistance and help received during the course of this investigation and
sources of literature have been duly acknowledged.

Pantnagar (S. K. Srivastava)
August, 2013 Chairman
Advisory committee
CC EE RR TT II FF II CC AA TT EE
We, the undersigned, members of the Advisory Committee of
Mr. Vishanu Kumar Agarwal, Id. No. 42797, a candidate for the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture with major in Agricultural Economics, agree that
the thesis entitled “A Study of Sustainable Livelihood Security and Agricultural
Diversification in Rajasthan” may be submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree.

(S.K. Srivastava)
Chairman
Advisory Committee

(S.P. Singh) (A.K. Singhal)
Member Member
CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS

Sl. No. CHAPTERS PAGE No.
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
4. METHODOLOGY
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
LITERATURE CITED
APPENDICES
VITA
ABSTRACTS
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title of table
No. No.
3.1 Population structure of the Rajasthan
3.2 Division and districts of Rajasthan
3.3 Agro-climatic features of Rajasthan
3.4 Livestock population in livestock census 2003 and 2007
3.5 Land Use Pattern of Rajasthan (2009-10)
3.6 Demographic features of Jhalawar district (2011)
3.7 Salient agro-climatic features of Jhalawar district (2011)
3.8 Distribution of operational holdings in Jhalawar district (2005-06)
3.9 Land use pattern in Jhalawar district (2011-12)
3.10 Agro Climatic features of the sub-regions of Bikaner
3.11 Salient agro-climatic features of Bikaner district (2011)
3.12 Demographic features of Bikaner district (2011)
3.13 Distribution of operational holdings in Bikaner district (2005-06)
3.14 Land use pattern in Bikaner district (2011-12)
4.1.1 Key events in the formulation of concept of sustainable development
4.1 Sampling design to represent the state of Rajasthan as a whole
4.2 Cropping pattern for selection of major crops in Bikaner and Jhalawar
5.1.1 Ecological Security Indices of districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to 2010
5.1.2 Average, range and coefficient of variation of ecological security index
5.1.3 Economic Efficiency Indices of districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to 2010
5.1.4 Average, range and coefficient of variation of economic efficiency index
5.1.5 Social Equity Index of districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to 2010
5.1.6 Average, range and coefficient of variation of social equity index
5.1.7 Composite SLSI of different districts of Rajasthan for the period from 2001

to 2010
5.1.8 Average, range and coefficient of variation of sustainable livelihood

security index
5.1.9 Distribution of districts under SLSI and its components indices in Rajasthan

on the basis of average value
5.1.10 Distribution of districts under SLSI and its components indices in Rajasthan

on the basis of index value in year 2001
5.1.11 Distribution of districts under SLSI and its component indices in Rajasthan

on the basis of index value in year 2010
5.1.12 Economic efficiency status of farm households during 2012-13
5.1.13 Social equity status of farm households during 2012-13
5.1.14 Sustainable livelihood security status of farm households during 2012-13
5.2.1 Cereals diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to

2010
5.2.2 Average, coefficient of variation (CV) and compound annual growth rate

(CAGR) of cereals diversification indices
5.2.3 Pulses diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to

2010
5.2.4 Average, coefficient of variation (CV) and compound annual growth rate

(CAGR) of pulses diversification indices
5.2.5 Oilseeds diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to

2010
5.2.6 Average, coefficient of variation (CV) and compound annual growth rate

(CAGR) of oilseeds diversification indices
5.2.7 Other crops diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to

2010
5.2.8 Average, coefficient of variation (CV) and compound annual growth rate

(CAGR) of other crops diversification indices
5.2.9 Overall crop diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001

to 2010
5.2.10 Average, coefficient of variation (CV) and compound annual growth rate

(CAGR) of overall crop diversification indices
5.2.11 Diversification indices for inter crop group comparison
5.2.12 Status of crop diversification at different farm level in Rajasthan
5.2.13 Crop groups diversification at farm household level in Rajasthan
5.2.14a Crop varietal diversification index for all the crop varieties of major crops

taken together in Rajasthan
5.2.14b Number of varieties grown in major crops in study area
5.2.15 Varietal crop diversification in Bikaner district
5.2.16 Varietal crop diversification in Jhalawar district
5.2.17 Livestock diversification indices of the districts of Rajasthan from 2001 to

2010
5.2.18 Average, range and coefficient of variation of livestock diversification

indices
5.2.19 Livestock diversification at farm household level across the farm size group
5.2.20 Livestock Diversification Indices at farm household level in Rajasthan
5.3.1 Relationship of SLSI with crop and livestock diversification in different

districts and divisions of Rajasthan
5.3.2 Relationship of SLSI with crop and livestock diversification at sample

farms in Bikaner and Jhalawar districts of Rajasthan
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title of figure Page No.
5.1 Average value of Ecological Security Index (ESI) of
different districts for the period from 2001 to 2010
5.2 Average value of Economic Efficiency Index (EEI) of
different districts for the period from 2001 to 2010
5.3 Average value of Social Equity Index (SEI) of different
districts for the period from 2001 to 2010
5.4 Average value of Sustainable Livelihood Security Index
(SLSI) of different districts for the period from 2001 to 2010
5.5 EEI, SEI and SLSI of different categories of farmers in
Bikaner
5.6 EEI,SEI and SLSI of different categories of farmers in
Jhalawar
5.7 EEI, SEI and SLSI of different categories of farmers in
Rajasthan
5.8 Overall crop diversification level of all the districts of
Rajasthan from 2001 to 2010
5.9 Status of crop diversification of Rajasthan as a whole
LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page
Title of Appendix
No. No.
I. Agro-climatic zone wise distribution of districts in Rajasthan
II. Trend coefficient and R² for the growth of cereals crop

diversification
III. Trend coefficient and R² for the growth of pulses crop

diversification
IV. Trend coefficient and R² for the growth of oilseeds crop

diversification
V. Trend coefficient and R² for the growth of other crops

diversification
VI. Trend coefficient and R² for the growth of overall crop

diversification
Introduction