Mass tourism in a small world

265 Pages·2017·9.179 MB·English

by  Harrison, David, Sharpley, Richard

Mass Tourism in a Small World

Mass Tourism in a Small World
David Harrison
Middlesex University, UK

and
Richard Sharpley
University of Central Lancashire, UK
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Harrison, David, 1941- editor. | Sharpley, Richard, 1956- editor.
Title: Mass tourism in a small world / Edited by David Harrison, Middlesex
University, UK and Richard Sharpley, University of Central Lancashire, UK.
Description: Oxfordshire, Wallingford, UK ; Boston, MA, USA : CAB
International, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016052948 (print) | LCCN 2017019736 (ebook) | ISBN
9781780648552 (pdf) | ISBN 9781780648569 (ePub) | ISBN
9781780648545 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Tourism. | Tourism--Management. | Tourism--Case studies. |
Tourism--Management--Case studies.
Classification: LCC G155.A1 (ebook) | LCC G155.A1 M3447 2017 (print) | DDC
338.4/79104--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016052948
ISBN-13: 9781780648545
Commissioning editor: Claire Parfitt
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: James Bishop
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Contents
Notes on Contributors vii
Section 1: Introduction 1
1 Introduction: Mass Tourism in a Small World
David Harrison and Richard Sharpley
Section 2: Theoretical Approaches to Mass Tourism
2 Mass Tourism Does Not Need Defending 15
Julio Aramberri
3 The Morality of Mass Tourism 28
Jim Butcher
4 The Political Economy of Mass Tourism and its Contradictions 40
Raoul Bianchi
5 A Theoretical Approach to Mass Tourism in Italy 53
Asterio Savelli and Gabriele Manella
6 Sustainability and Mass Tourism: A Contradiction in Terms? 63
David B. Weaver
7 Mass Tourism and the Environment: Issues and Dilemmas 75
Andrew Holden
Section 3: Historical Studies of Tourism Development
8 The Dynamics of Tourism Development in Britain:
The Profit Motive and that ‘Curious’ Alliance of Private Capital
and the Local State 85
John Heeley
9 From Holiday Camps to the All-inclusive: the ‘Butlinization’ of Tourism 95
Richard Sharpley
v
vi Contents
10 Decline Beside the Seaside: British Seaside Resorts and Declinism 105
Martin Farr
11 Mass Tourism and the US National Park Service System 118
Kelly S. Bricker
12 Transport and Tourism: The Perpetual Link 137
David Timothy Duval
Section 4: Case Studies in Modern Mass Tourism
13 Mass Tourism and China 149
Chris Ryan
14 Mass Tourism in Thailand: The Chinese and Russians 159
Erik Cohen
15 Mass Tourism in Bulgaria: The Force Awakens 168
Stanislav Ivanov
16 Mass Tourism in Mallorca: Examples from Calvià 181
Hazel Andrews
17 Tunisia: Mass Tourism in Crisis? 191
Heather Jeffrey and Sue Bleasdale
18 From Blue to Grey? Malta’s Quest from Mass Beach
to Niche Heritage Tourism 200
Gregory J. Ashworth and John E. Tunbridge
19 Cruise Ship Tourism in the Caribbean: The Mess of Mass Tourism 210
Paul Wilkinson
Section 5: The Future
20 Conclusion: Mass Tourism in the Future 232
Richard Sharpley and David Harrison
Index 241
Notes on Contributors
Hazel Andrews is Reader in Tourism, Culture & Society at Liverpool John Moores University. Hazel
is interested in issues of identity, selfhood and the body principally in relation to tourism and travel.
Her PhD thesis was the first full-length ethnographic study of British charter tourists, which in-
volved periods of participant observation in the resorts of Palmanova and Magaluf on the Medi-
terranean island of Mallorca. Hazel has drawn on this fieldwork to publish a number of journal
articles and book chapters. She is the author/editor of six books including the monograph The
British on Holiday published by Channel View in 2011. More recently she edited a collection titled
Tourism and Violence (Ashgate, 2014) in which her own chapter included work based both on
Mallorca and Menorca. Hazel is chair of the Royal Anthropological Institute’s Tourism Committee.
Liverpool John Moores University, IM Marsh, Barkhill Road, Aigburth, Liverpool, L17 6BD, UK;
e-mail: [email protected]
Julio Aramberri is visiting professor at Dongbei University of Finance and Economics (DUFE),
Dalian, People’s Republic of China. He has previously held academic positions at Hoa Sen University,
Saigon, Vietnam (2009–2013); Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA (1999–2009); and Universi-
dad Complutense de Madrid (1964–1984). Prior to that, he undertook postdoctoral studies at the
London School of Economics (1971–1974). He worked for the Spanish Tourist Administration
(1985–1999) where he became its Director General (1987–1990). Dr Aramberri has authored or
co-authored eight books on sociological subjects and over 50 refereed articles. His Modern Mass
Tourism (2010) was translated into Spanish (2012) and Chinese (2014). He is Charter Fellow of
the International Academy for the Study of Tourism.
Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
(DUFE), Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China; e-mail: [email protected]
Gregory J. Ashworth was educated in Geography at the Universities of Cambridge, Reading and
London (PhD 1974). He has taught at the Universities of Wales, Portsmouth and, since 1979,
Groningen, the Netherlands where, since 1994, he has been Professor of Heritage Management
and Urban Tourism in the Department of Planning, Faculty of Spatial Sciences. His main research
interests focus on the interrelations between tourism, heritage and place marketing, largely in an
urban context. He is author or editor of around 20 books, 100 book chapters and 200 journal
articles. He received honorary life membership of the Hungarian Geographical Society in 1995,
an honorary doctorate from the University of Brighton in 2009 and was knighted for services to
Dutch Science in 2011. Sadly, on 6 November 2016, shortly after this book went to the publisher,
Greg died, aged 75, after a protracted illness. As John Tunbridge, his co-author, long-time collab-
orator and friend, writes: ‘Greg did not graciously accept the fading of the light. He worked to the
vii
viii Notes on Contributors
end and, with the support of Angela, his wife, courageously gave his final paper at a symposium at
the University of Brighton, UK, just 17 days before he died.’ Greg will be much missed by his many
academic colleagues, former students and friends, along with the countless others who have bene-
fited from his work.
Raoul Bianchi is Reader in International Tourism and Development in the School of Business and
Law at the University of East London. His work encompasses the geopolitics and international pol-
itical economy of tourism with a particular focus on tourism, border politics and citizenship as
well as issues of tourism, capitalism and development. He has a particular interest in Southern
Europe and the Mediterranean and also tourism in islands and coastal regions. He has been in-
volved in and led a range of funded research projects including ‘Mediterranean Voices’ (2002–
2006, Euromed Heritage II), and is the co-author (with Marcus Stephenson) of Tourism and Citi-
zenship: Rights, Freedoms and Responsibilities in the Global Order (Routledge, 2014). He is currently
a fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute and a long-standing member of the Research Com-
mittee on International Tourism (International Sociological Association).
School of Business and Law, University of East London, Docklands Campus, University Way,
London, E16 2RD, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Sue Bleasdale is Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing, Branding and Tourism at
Middlesex University. With a background in Development Studies and Geography she currently
teaches Tourism Policy and Sustainable Tourism. She has a long-term interest in tourism policy as
a pathway to development in Tunisia. She is currently also working on the role of stakeholder
management in tourism sustainability in coastal resorts.
Department of Marketing, Branding and Tourism, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon,
London, NW4 4BT, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Kelly Bricker is Professor of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism at the University of Utah in Parks,
Recreation, and Tourism. She completed her PhD research with the Pennsylvania State University,
where she specialized in sustainable tourism and protected area management. She has special re-
search and teaching interests in ecotourism, sense of place, natural resource management, and
the environmental and social impacts of tourism. Kelly has conducted research on heritage tour-
ism, the social impacts of tourism and natural resource-related tourism environments. She has
researched and presented on issues in ecotourism, sense of place and natural resource manage-
ment for nature-based tourism. She has published on issues such as protected areas, ecotourism
certification and policy, and health and sustainable tourism relative to impacts on communities.
With Rosemary Black and Stuart Cottrell, she authored and edited a book titled Sustainable Tourism
& the Millennium Development Goals: Effecting Positive Change (Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2013).
Most recently, she co-edited a new textbook with Dr Rosemary Black, titled Adventure Programing
and Travel for the 21st Century (Venture Publishing, 2015). With partners in OARS and her hus-
band, she developed an ecotourism operation called Rivers Fiji. She currently serves as the Vice
Chair and Treasurer for the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, and on the Research and Educa-
tion Council of The International Ecotourism Society.
Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, University of Utah, 1901 E. So. Campus Drive, Salt Lake City,
UT 84112-0920, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Jim Butcher is Reader in the School of Human and Life Sciences at Canterbury Christ Church Uni-
versity in the UK. He is interested in the role of leisure travel in contemporary social and political
identities. Jim has written a number of books, papers and articles exploring this, including most
recently: Volunteer Tourism: the Lifestyle Politics of International Development (Routledge, 2015),
co-authored with Pete Smith. Other key publications include The Moralisation of Tourism (2003)
and Ecotourism, NGOs and Development (2007), both published by Routledge. Jim blogs at http://
politicsoftourism.blogspot.co.uk/ and tweets from @jimbutcher2
School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road,
Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Erik Cohen is the George S. Wise Professor of Sociology (emeritus) at the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, where he taught between 1959 and 2000. He has conducted research in Israel, Peru,
Notes on Contributors ix
the Pacific Islands and, since 1977, in Thailand. He is the author of more than 200 publications.
His recent books include Contemporary Tourism: Diversity and Change (Elsevier, 2004) and Explor-
ations in Thai Tourism (Emerald, 2008). Erik Cohen is a founding member of the International
Academy for the Study of Tourism. He was awarded the United Nations World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) Ulysses Prize in 2012. He presently lives and does research in Thailand.
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel; e-mail: [email protected]
David Timothy Duval is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Business and Economics at the Uni-
versity of Winnipeg. David’s academic work focuses on the regulation of commercial air transport
in Canada and New Zealand. He is also Senior Visiting Fellow in the School of Aviation at the Uni-
versity of New South Wales (Australia). Before beginning his academic career, he was with Long-
woods International, a consultancy firm specializing in tourism destination marketing, visitor pro-
filing and measuring the efficiency of tourism advertising and promotion.
Department of Business and Administration, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada; e-mail: [email protected]
Martin Farr is Senior Lecturer in Contemporary British History at Newcastle University. He has
published on: political biography; government and Parliament before, during and after the First
World War; the politics of strategic bombing in the Second World War; package holidays in the
1970s; and leading the Labour Party in the 1980s. He is currently writing a book entitled
M argaret Thatcher’s World and articles on: imperial tropes in 1960s Britain; the film version of
Oh! What a Lovely War; the deaths of Hugh Gaitskell and John Smith; and Barack Obama and
David Cameron. He also chairs the Britain and the World Society and writes and commentates on
current affairs.
School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK;
e-mail: [email protected]; twitter @martinjohnfarr
David Harrison is a supporter of Chelsea Football Club and Professor of Tourism at Middlesex Uni-
versity. He previously worked at the University of Sussex, London Metropolitan University and the
University of the South Pacific. A sociologist and anthropologist of development, with a special
interest in tourism, he is author of The Sociology of Modernization and Development (Routledge,
1988), editor of several books, including Tourism and the Less Developed Countries (1992, Belhaven)
and Tourism and the Less Developed World (2001, CAB International), and co-editor of several
others, including The Politics of World Heritage: Negotiating Tourism and Conservation (2005, Chan-
nel View) and Tourism in Pacific Islands (2015, Routledge). He has written many peer-reviewed
papers on tourism and development and has researched the impacts of tourism in the Caribbean,
Eastern Europe, Southern Africa, South-east Asia and the Pacific Islands. He is a Fellow of the
Royal Geographical Society and a Fellow of the International Academy for the Study of Tourism.
Department of Marketing, Tourism and Branding, Middlesex University Business School,
Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK; e-mail: davidharrison53@
btinternet.com
John Heeley runs his own business – Best Destination Marketing – and is a visiting fellow at Shef-
field Hallam University. Reflecting a long career both as a tourism academic (1972–1989) and as
a DMO (destination management organization) chief executive (1990–2011), John’s recent work
aims to unite theory and practice, highlighting best practice and the factors shaping operational
effectiveness. He has a related interest in the historical origins and evolution of tourism develop-
ment and marketing. John has published extensively, including two authoritative texts on urban
and city marketing. He has occupied senior positions in European Cities Marketing, the Tourism
Society and the Leisure Studies Association, and acted as tourism advisor to the Local Government
Association. His principal interests outside of work are family, travel, crime fiction, running, hill
walking and Sheffield Wednesday.
Best Destination Marketing, 29 Sandygate Grange Drive, Sheffield, S10 5NW, UK; e-mail:
[email protected]