Средства массовой информации в жизни подростков = Mass Media in the World of Teenagers: учебное пособие

119 Pages·00.772 MB·Russian

by  Авраменко Елена Борисовна

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет
имени М.В. Ломоносова»
E.B. Avramenko, N.A. Baranova
MASS MEDIA IN THE WORLD OF TEENAGERS
СРЕДСТВА МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
В ЖИЗНИ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Учебно-методическое пособие
Архангельск
САФУ
2015
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УДК 811.11
ББК 81.2Англ
А21
Рецензенты:
доктор педагогических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой англий-
ского языка института иностранных языков Петрозаводского государ-
ственного университета Е.В. Борзова;
учитель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории, за-
служенный учитель Российской Федерации О.В. Захарьина
Авраменко, Е.Б.
А21 Средства массовой информации в жизни подростков = Mass
Media in the World of Teenagers: учебное пособие / Е.Б. Аврамен-
ко, Н.А. Баранова; Сев. (Аркт.) федер. ун-т им. М.В. Ломоносова. –
Архангельск: САФУ, 2015. – 119 с. – Текст англ., рус.
ISBN 978-5-261-01047-0
Учебное пособие содержит материалы по тематическим разделам,
которые содержат информацию о масс-медиа, периодических печат-
ных изданиях, радио- и телепрограммах, а также об иных формах
распространения массовой информации. Адресовано студентам выс-
ших учебных заведений, а также всем, кто желает усовершенствовать
свои знания по английскому языку.
УДК 811.11
ББК 81.2Англ
ISBN 978-5-261-01047-0 © Авраменко Е.Б., Баранова Н.А., 2015
© Северный (Арктический) федераль-
ный университет
им. М.В. Ломоносова, 2015
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Введение
Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для
студентов университетов, обучающихся по основной образова-
тельной программе бакалавриата по направлению подготовки
050100.62 – Педагогическое образование (профиль подготовки:
«Иностранный язык (английский)»).
Материал пособия изложен в соответствии с действующим Го-
сударственным образовательным стандартом высшего професси-
онального образования и с учебной программой курса «Практика
устной и письменной речи иностранного языка»; дополнен рядом
положений, отражающих специфику работы по данному предме-
ту в высших учебных заведениях. Пособие призвано обеспечить
организацию работы студентов как очной, так и заочной формы
обучения.
Целью данного пособия является усвоение студентами лек-
сического и грамматического материала, дающего возможность
развивать навыки диалогической и монологической речи по
предложенным темам, совершенствовать переводческую прак-
тику как с английского на русский, так и с русского на англий-
ский язык, самостоятельно работать с оригинальными англий-
скими текстами.
Задачи предлагаемого учебно-методического пособия направ-
лены на систематизацию ранее полученных знаний и формиро-
вание речевых грамматических навыков продуктивной речи; со-
вершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков студентов на
основе большого количества упражнений различной направленно-
сти; формирование у студентов представлений о возможностях и
необходимости использования средств массовой информации.
Критерием практического владения английским языком явля-
ется умение достаточно уверенно пользоваться наиболее употре-
бительными языковыми средствами в основных видах речевой де-
ятельности.
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Данное пособие содержит задания, которые направлены на раз-
витие умения воспринимать и оценивать информацию, выражать
в устной или письменной форме собственные суждения и отноше-
ние к прочитанному, а также содержит материалы, предназначен-
ные для самоконтроля за усвоением лексического минимума и за
выработкой навыков монологического высказывания. Материалы
и задания учебного пособия разнообразны и имеют разную сте-
пень сложности, что позволяет использовать их в соответствии с
уровнем языковой компетентности студентов и стимулирует со-
знательное отношение к изучению языковых дисциплин.
В течение нескольких лет материал пособия успешно использо-
вался на занятиях по практике устной и письменной речи в гума-
нитарном институте филиала Северного (Арктического) федераль-
ного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова.
Считаем своим долгом выразить искреннюю признательность
за благожелательные отзывы о нашей работе доктору педагогиче-
ских наук, профессору, заведующей кафедрой английского языка
института иностранных языков Петрозаводского государственно-
го университета Е.В. Борзовой; учителю английского языка выс-
шей квалификационной категории, заслуженному учителю Рос-
сийской Федерации О.В. Захарьиной.
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Unit I
MASS MEDIA IN THE WORLD
Exercise 1. Learn the new words; be ready to give their definitions.
A blog (a contraction of the term «Web log») is a Web site, usually
maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, de-
scriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries
are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. «Blog» can
also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.
Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others
function as more personal online diaries.
Blogosphere is a collective term encompassing all blogs and their
interconnections. It is the perception that blogs exist together as a con-
nected community (or as a collection of connected communities) or as a
social network.
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals, which
transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the public or a
relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults. Televi-
sion and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or
cable, often both simultaneously.
A column is a recurring piece or article in a newspaper, magazine or
other publication. Columns are written by columnists. What differenti-
ates a column from other forms of journalism is that it meets each of the
following criteria:
– it is a regular feature in a publication;
– it is personality-driven by the author;
– it explicitly contains an opinion or point of view.
An editorial, leader (US), or leading article (UK) is an article in a
newspaper or magazine that expresses the opinion of the editor, edito-
rial board, or publisher.
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The editorial board is a group of editors, usually at a print publica-
tion, who dictate the tone and direction that the publication’s editorials
will take. In much of the English-speaking world, editorials are typi-
cally not written by the regular reporters of the news organization, but
are instead collectively authored by a group of individuals.
Investigative journalism – the use of detective-like reporting meth-
ods to unearth scandals.
Journalism is the craft of conveying news, descriptive material and
comment via a widening spectrum of media. These include newspa-
pers, magazines, radio and television, the Internet and, more recently,
the cellphone. Journalists – be they writers, editors or photographers;
broadcast presenters or producers – serve as the chief purveyors of in-
formation and opinion in contemporary mass society. «News is what
the consensus of journalists determines it to be».
A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices
journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about cur-
rent events, trends, issues, and people while striving for non-bias view-
point.
Reporters are one type of journalist. They create reports as a pro-
fession for broadcast or publication in mass media such as newspapers,
television, radio, magazines, documentary film, and the Internet. Re-
porters find sources for their work, their reports can be either spoken
or written, and they are often expected to report in the most objective
and unbiased way to serve the public good. A columnist is a journalist
who writes pieces that appear regularly in newspapers or magazines.
Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, general-
ly published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles, gen-
erally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid maga-
zine subscriptions, or all three. They are published weekly, biweekly,
monthly...
Mass Media includes all the «tools» we have for communicating
with large numbers of people: television, radio, film, on-line services,
magazines and newspapers. All carry messages that reach masses of
people in contrast to letters, telephone calls and one-to-one conversa-
tions known as interpersonal media.
Media bias is a term used to describe a real or perceived bias of jour-
nalists and news producers within the mass media, in the selection of
which events will be reported and how they are covered. The term «me-
dia bias» usually refers to a pervasive or widespread bias contravening
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the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual
journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various
countries is widely disputed, although its causes are both practical and
theoretical.
News is any new information or information on current events which
is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third
party or mass audience. News is reporting of current information on
television and radio, and in newspapers and magazines.
A newspaper is a written publication containing news, information
and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint.
General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events,
crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional
papers also feature an editorial page containing columns, which express
the personal opinions of writers. Supplementary sections may contain
advertising, comics, coupons, and other printed media. Newspapers are
most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus
on one particular geographic area where most of their readers live. De-
spite recent setbacks in circulation and profits, newspapers are still the
most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism.
Press conferences – meetings with reporters.
Press – «the press» – the media that includes television, radio, news-
papers, magazines, wire services, and on-line services, among others.
Print media – that portion of the mass media, which includes news-
papers and magazines.
Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influenc-
ing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to
impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense
presents information in order to influence its audience. Propaganda of-
ten presents facts selectively (thus lying by omission) to encourage a
particular synthesis, or gives loaded messages in order to produce an
emotional rather than rational response to the information presented.
The desired result is a change of the cognitive narrative of the subject in
the target audience to further a political agenda.
Television (TV) is a widely used telecommunication medium for
transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic
(«black and white») or color, usually accompanied by sound. «Televi-
sion» may also refer specifically to a television set, television program-
ming or television transmission. The word is derived from mixed Latin
and Greek roots, meaning «far sight».
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Linkage institutions – the channels or access points through which
issues and people’s policy preferences get on the government’s policy
agenda.
Talking heads – a shot of a person’s face talking directly to the cam-
era.
A tabloid is a newspaper of small format giving the news in con-
densed form, usually with illustrated, often sensational material
Yellow journalism – the term used to describe sensational news re-
porting.
Exercise 2. Analyze the data obtained during the survey concern-
ing the influence of mass media on the youth.
Mass Media plays an important role in the life of individuals and so-
ciety. Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet are the
main sources of information that influence the inner world of a person.
A century ago, people gained the information via their personal com-
munication, social and professional activities. Nowadays the situation is
quite different. There is no need to leave the house to get the latest news
and communicate with other people.
According to the research the following conclusion was drawn:
1. The main source of information for young people is without doubt
the Internet; the role of television is also increasing.
2. Students’ growing interest in information relates to politics, fi-
nance and economy.
3. Senior students often analyze information from mass media.
4. Advertisements have a great influence on the students.
Interview the students of your group on the following questions
and make your own conclusion concerning the influence of mass me-
dia on the youth.
1. What sources of information do you usually prefer?
A. TV
B. Internet
C. Radio
D. Newspapers and magazines
2. What mass media information is the most interesting for you?
A. rest, leisure, entertainment, sport
B. youth issues
C. politics, economics, finance
D. crime, accidents
E. style, fashion
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3. How often do you analyze the information received through the
media?
A. always
B. often
C. not often
D. never
4. How often do you use advertisements from mass media?
A. always
B. often
C. is not often
D. never
Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks. The first letter of each missing word
has been given.
MEDIA HYPE
The mass media refers to the people and organizations that provide
news and (1) i_____ for the public. Until recently these were mainly
(2) n_____, (3) t_____, and (4) r_____. Today, computers play a very
big part. The (5) I_____ is a computer system that allows millions of
people around the world to receive and exchange information about al-
most anything. Ordinary post has been taken over by (6) e_____ which
stands for (7) e_____ mail because it is sent and received via a com-
puter. It is a system that allows people to send (8) m_____ to each other
quickly and cheaply. Ordinary (9) p_____ is now referred to as «snail
mail» and one wonders if the (10) p_____ is a job in danger of extinc-
tion.
Exercise 4. You and your friend are discussing the best source of
getting information about the world. There are several options but
you may choose only one of them:
newspapers TV radio the Internet.
A. What do you think is the best way of getting information about
the world?
B. It is a very difficult question. Perhaps, the best way to learn about
the world is reading newspapers. They are packed with the latest news,
information and facts and help us to be aware of everything. Besides,
they usually provide us with extra details, commentaries and back-
ground information. What is more, newspapers cater for a variety of
political views, interests and levels of education so you can choose a
newspaper according to your interests.
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A. Actually, I don’t like reading very much. It takes so much time.
And newspapers ... They make my hands dirty and the print is so small!
My eyes usually get so tired.
B. But you can’t but agree that newspapers provide us with reliable
information. And if you are tired, you can put it down and turn to it
later.
A. You are right. Still, I prefer the radio. It’s good to listen to the
radio in a car, or in the open air, or when you do something about the
house. You can tune into all kinds of stations: pop or classical music,
news, sport or foreign radio stations so you can keep up-to-date with
the news. Besides, radio has fresher news than newspapers. They are
informed every half-hour.
B. I don’t agree with you. Radio news items are very short and you
have to believe the presenter’s opinion because you don’t have enough
information. Besides, the news items on the radio are also recorded be-
forehand so they are not always fresh. What is more, sometimes it’s dif-
ficult to find a necessary radio station.
A. What about TV then? It is a wonderful source of information.
When you need immediate information about the latest world events,
you switch the TV on. Besides, I like TV news because I can see every-
thing with my own eyes. Television is a reflection of the modern world
and it allows me to follow the events in faraway countries without visit-
ing them.
B. I can’t but agree with you. There are hundreds of various pro-
grammes on TV that keep you informed about the rest of the world. But
for the television, I would not be able to watch extraordinary animals
and to learn about their life and habits. However, television has certain
disadvantages.
A. What disadvantages?
B. For example, they usually show the same news on all channels.
And if I want to get some news, I have to wait until the news program is
on. In addition, you can’t get information about everything on TV.
A. Well, the same can be said about newspapers and the radio.
I think there is no source of information without any drawbacks.
B. We live in a multimedia society. Let’s take advantage of it and
learn everything from our computers.
A. But how can we get information from computers?
B. Haven’t you heard about the Internet? It has become another im-
portant source of information, which allows you to learn about almost
everything. It’s much easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library
and find the necessary book or a magazine. All the latest information
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