Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past

267 Pages·2014·1.645 MB·English

by  Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker, Peter Lambert

Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past
Jie-Hyun Lim; Barbara Walker; Peter Lambert
ISBN: 9781137289834
DOI: 10.1057/9781137289834
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Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
Mass Dictatorship in the 20th Century
Series Editor: Jie-Hyun Lim, Professor of History and Director of the Research Institute of
Comparative History and Culture, Hanyang University, Seoul.
‘Mass dictatorship’ addresses the (self-) mobilization of ‘the masses’ in and for twentieth-
century dictatorships. In contrast to pre-modern despotism, mass dictatorship depends
upon its ability to entice and employ multiple forms of active participation of the
many. By appropriating modern statecraft, a ‘dictatorship from above’ transforms itself
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into a ‘dictatorship from below’ - a practice of rule that builds upon people´s sustained 0
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cooperation. This series contributes to the understanding of popular dictatorships in the 5-0
twentieth century by interrogating their conjunctures from a transnational perspective. 01
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This transnational angle reveals that the dualist perception of a few evil perpetrators ct -
(the dictator and his cronies) versus many innocent victims (the people), inherent ne
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in both the totalitarian and Marxist models, does not stand up to historical scrutiny. Co
Replacing the Manichean presentism of Cold War paradigms, Mass Dictatorship in the ve
a
20th Century will explore ‘gender politics’, ‘modernity’, ‘everyday lives’ and ‘coming to gr
terms with the past’. Pal
Building on a series of international conferences organized by the Research Institute ute -
of Comparative History and Culture at Hanyang University, Seoul between 2003 and stit
n
2008, these books explore not only the pre-WWII dictatorships (e.g. Fascism, Nazism, y I
Stalinism and Japanese colonialism) but post-WWII dictatorial regimes as well, including sit
communist and post-colonial versions of ‘development dictatorships’ in Europe, Asia, ver
and Africa. Uni
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Titles include: pe
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Jie-Hyun Lim and Karen Petrone (editors) Eur
GGEloNbDalE PRe PrsOpLecITtiIvCeSs AND MASS DICTATORSHIP ed to
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Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker, and Peter Lambert (editors) ce
MASS DICTATORSHIP AND MEMORY AS EVER PRESENT PAST m - li
Michael Kim, Michael Schoenhals, and Yong-Woo Kim (editors) co
MASS DICTATORSHIP AND MODERNITY ect.
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Alf Lüedtke (editor) on
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EVERYDAY LIFE IN MASS DICTATORSHIPS ve
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Collusion and Evasion gr
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Michael Schoenhals and Karin Sarsenov (editors) w.p
IMAGINING MASS DICTATORSHIPS w
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The Individual and the Masses in Literature and Cinema m
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Mass Dictatorship in the 20th Century at
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Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–30072–9 (Hardback) ht
978–0–230–30073–6 (Paperback) yrig
(outside North America only) op
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You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing
order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address
below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
Mass Dictatorship
and Memory as
Ever Present Past
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Edited by 01
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Jie- Hyun Lim ect -
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Professor of History and Director, Research Institute of Comparative History and on
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Culture, Hanyang University, Seoul ve
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Barbara Walker Pal
Associate P rofessor of History, University of Nevada, Reno ute -
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and n
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Peter Lambert ersit
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Lecturer in Modern European History, Aberystwyth University ni
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
Editorial matter and selection © Jie-H yun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert 2014
All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2014
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the 4
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Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence 9-
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permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 15-
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Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, LondonEC1N 8TS. ct - 2
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication ne
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may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. o
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The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this av
work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. algr
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First published 2014 by e -
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN stitut
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, y In
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
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Acknowledgements viii 9-
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Notes on Contributors ix 20
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1 Introduction: Coming to Terms with the on
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Past of Mass Dictatorship 1 ve
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Jie-Hyun Lim and Peter Lambert algr
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Part I Entangled Memory and Comparative History stit
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2 The Predicaments of Culture: War, Dictatorship and y I
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Modernity in Early Post- W ar West Germany and Japan 17 er
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Sebastian Conrad Uni
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3 Victimhood Nationalism in the Memory of uro
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Mass Dictatorship 36 o
Jie- H yun Lim ed t
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4 Creating a Victimised Nation: The Politics of m - li
the Austrian People’s Courts and High Treason 62 co
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Hiroko Mizuno e
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Part II The Dialectical Interplay of History and Memory gra
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5 Ukraine Faces Its Soviet Past: History versus Policy w.p
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versus Memory 87 w
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Volodymyr V. Kravchenko al fro
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6 History and Responsibility: On the Debates at
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on the Shoˉwa History 120 ht
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Naoki Sakai yri
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7 Widukind or Karl der Große? Perspectives on
Historical Culture and Memory in the Third Reich
and Post- War West Germany 139
Peter Lambert
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
vi Contents
Part III Pluralizing Memories: Fragmented, Contested,
Resisted
8 The Suppression and Recall of Colonial Memory:
Manchukuo and the Cold War in the Two Koreas 165
Suk- J ung Han
9 Accomplices of Violence: Guilt and Purification 04
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through Altruism among the Moscow Human Rights 5-0
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Activists of the 1960s and 1970s 180 20
Barbara Walker ct -
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10 Consuming Fragments of Mao Zedong: The Chairman’s e
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Final Two Decades at the Helm 204 gr
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Michael Schoenhals e -
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11 The Lived Space of Recollection: How Holocaust nstit
Memorials are Conceived Differently Today 223 sity I
Jörg H. Gleiter ver
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Index 240 pe
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
List of Illustrations
11.1 Memorial against Fascism, War and Violence – and For
Peace and Human Rights by Ester Shalev- Gerz and 04
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Jochen Gerz, Hamburg- H arburg 1988–1993 224 5-0
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11.2 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock ct - 2
and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 225 e
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11.3 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock C
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and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 226 gra
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11.4 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock e -
and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 227 stitut
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11.5 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock y I
and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 227 ersit
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11.6 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock U
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and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 228 ea
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11.7 Monument: Places of Remembrance by Frieder Schnock Eur
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and Renata Stih, Berlin 1993 229 d t
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11.8 Stumbling Blocks by Gunter Demnig, Berlin 230 en
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11.9 Memorial for the Jewish Deportees by Peter Herbich, m - li
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Theseus Bappert and Jürgen Wenzel, Berlin 1988 231 ct.c
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11.10 Memorial for the Jewish Deportees by Peter Herbich, nn
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Theseus Bappert and Jürgen Wenzel, Berlin 1988 232 ve
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert
Acknowledgements
This book, the third volume of the Mass Dictatorship series, owes its
writing to the ‘Mass Dictatorship as Ever Present Past’ conference 04
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hosted by Jie- Hyun Lim at Hanyang University between 27 June 2008 5-0
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and 29 June 2008. Focusing on the politics and remembrances of and 20
under mass dictatorship, the conference was designed as the culmina- ct -
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tion of six consecutive ‘Mass Dictatorship’ conferences organised by the on
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Research Institute of Comparative History (RICH) between 2003 and ve
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2008. ‘Global Perspectives on the Study of Dictatorship from Below’ algr
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was the underlying theme of the Mass Dictatorship Project, and this e -
volume is no exception. Most of the contributions to this volume were stitut
presented as papers at the conference and are the products of the lively y In
discussions that took place there. sit
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I am grateful to the National Research Foundation in Korea, which niv
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funded the Mass Dictatorship Project for six years. I would also like to n
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thank my co- e ditors, Barbara Walker and Peter Lambert. Many of the op
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contributions to this volume were penned by authors from the non- E
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English speaking world, and I am very grateful to Barbara and Peter for d t
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their scholarly expertise and painstaking editorial work in producing en
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this collected work. I am particularly indebted to this volume’s copy- m - li
editor, Jenny Wang Medina, for finalising the manuscript with great o
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professionalism and keen scholarly eyes. I would also like to express my ect.
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very special thanks to Jenny McCall and Holly Tyler at Palgrave for their o
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professional support and kind concern. Last but not least, I would like av
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to thank all of the participants in the Mass Dictatorship Project from al
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various corners of the world and the project researchers, fellows and ww.
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staff at RICH. I have had the utmost privilege of spending six years on m
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the Mass Dictatorship Project with all of them. al fr
Finally, I must confess that the extraordinary experience of living eri
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through dictatorships of both rightist and leftist camps on the Korean ht m
peninsula and in the People’s Poland was the inspiring and driving yrig
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force of the Mass Dictatorship Project. I hope that the five volumes o
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of the Mass Dictatorship series will provide scholarly empathy to all
those people who suffered and are still suffering from the dictatorial
past and present.
Jie- Hyun Lim, Seoul, 2013
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10.1057/9781137289834 - Mass Dictatorship and Memory as Ever Present Past, Edited by Jie-Hyun Lim, Barbara Walker and Peter
Lambert