Masculinity, Class and Same-Sex Desire in Industrial England, 1895–1957 PDF
Preview Masculinity, Class and Same-Sex Desire in Industrial England, 1895–1957
GendersandSexualitiesinHistory SeriesEditors:JohnH.Arnold,JoannaBourkeandSeanBrady Palgrave Macmillan’s series, Genders and Sexualities in History, aims to accommodate and foster new approachestohistoricalresearchinthefieldsofgendersandsexualities.Theserieswillpromoteworld-class scholarshipthatconcentratesupontheinterconnectedthemesofgenders,sexualities,religions/religiosity, civilsociety,classformations,politicsandwar. Historicalstudiesofgenderandsexualityhaveoftenbeentreatedasdisconnectedfields,whileinrecent yearshistoricalanalysesinthesetwoareashavesynthesised,creatingnewdeparturesinhistoriography. Bylinkinggendersandsexualitieswithquestionsofreligion,civilsociety,politicsandthecontextsofwar andconflict,thisserieswillreflectrecentdevelopmentsinscholarship,movingawayfromthepreviously dominantandnarrowhistoriesofscience,scientificthoughtandlegalprocesses.Theresultbringstogether scholarshipfromcontemporary,modern,earlymodern,medieval,classicalandnon-Westernhistorytopro- videadiachronicforumforscholarshipthatincorporatesnewapproachestogendersandsexualitiesin history. Titlesinclude JohnH.ArnoldandSeanBrady(editors) WHATISMASCULINITY? HistoricalDynamicsfromAntiquitytotheContemporaryWorld HeikeBauerandMatthewCook(editors) QUEER1950s CordeliaBeattieandKirstenA.Fenton(editors) INTERSECTIONSOFGENDER,RELIGIONANDETHNICITYINTHEMIDDLEAGES ValeriaBabini,ChiaraBeccalossiandLucyRiall(editors) ITALIANSEXUALITIESUNCOVERED,1789–1914 ChiaraBeccalossi FEMALESEXUALINVERSION Same-SexDesiresinItalianandBritishSexology,c.1870–1920 RobertoBizzocchi ALADY’SMAN TheCicisbei,PrivateMoralsandNationalIdentityinItaly RaphaëlleBrancheandFabriceVirgili(editors) RAPEINWARTIME SusanBroomhall AUTHORITY,GENDERANDEMOTIONSINLATEMEDIEVALANDEARLYMODERNENGLAND MattCook QUEERDOMESTICITIES HomosexualityandHomeLifeinTwentieth-CenturyLondon PeterCryleandAlisonMoore FRIGIDITY AnIntellectualHistory LucyDelapandSueMorgan MEN,MASCULINITIESANDRELIGIOUSCHANGEINTWENTIETHCENTURYBRITAIN JenniferV.Evans LIFEAMONGTHERUINS CityscapeandSexualityinColdWarBerlin KateFisherandSarahToulalan(editors) BODIES,SEXANDDESIREFROMTHERENAISSANCETOTHEPRESENT ChristopherE.ForthandElinorAccampo(editors) CONFRONTINGMODERNITYINFIN-DE-SIÈCLEFRANCE Bodies,MindsandGender RebeccaFraser GENDER,RACEANDFAMILYINNINETEENTHCENTURYAMERICA FromNorthernWomantoPlantationMistress AlanaHarrisandTimothyJones(editors) LOVEANDROMANCEINBRITAIN,1918–1970 DagmarHerzog(editor) BRUTALITYANDDESIRE WarandSexualityinEurope’sTwentiethCentury JosephineHoegaerts MASCULINITYANDNATIONHOOD,1830–1910 ConstructionsofIdentityandCitizenshipinBelgium RobertHogg MENANDMANLINESSONTHEFRONTIER QueenslandandBritishColumbiaintheMid-NineteenthCentury JuliaLaite COMMONPROSTITUTESANDORDINARYCITIZENS CommercialSexinLondon,1885–1960 MarjorieLevine-Clark UNEMPLOYMENT,WELFARE,ANDMASCULINECITIZENSHIP ‘SoMuchHonestPoverty’inBritain,1870–1930 AndreaMansker SEX,HONORANDCITIZENSHIPINEARLYTHIRDREPUBLICFRANCE NancyMcLoughlin JEANGERSONANDGENDER RhetoricandPoliticsinFifteenth-CenturyFrance JeffreyMeek QUEERVOICESINPOST-WARSCOTLAND MaleHomosexuality,ReligionandSociety JessicaMeyer MENOFWAR MasculinityandtheFirstWorldWarinBritain MeredithNash MAKING‘POSTMODERN’MOTHERS PregnantEmbodiment,BabyBumpsandBodyImage TimReinke-Williams WOMEN,WORKANDSOCIABILITYINEARLYMODERNLONDON LinseyRobb MENATWORK TheWorkingManinBritishCulture,1939–1945 YorickSmaal SEX,SOLDIERSANDTHESOUTHPACIFIC,1939–45 QueerIdentitiesinAustraliaintheSecondWorldWar HelenSmith MASCULINITY,CLASSANDSAME-SEXDESIREININDUSTRIALENGLAND,1895–1957 JenniferD.Thibodeaux(editor) NEGOTIATINGCLERICALIDENTITIES Priests,MonksandMasculinityintheMiddleAges KristinFjeldeTjelle MISSIONARYMASCULINITY,1870–1930 TheNorwegianMissionariesinSouth-EastAfrica HesterVaizey SURVIVINGHITLER’SWAR FamilyLifeinGermany,1939–48 ClaytonJ.Whisnant MALEHOMOSEXUALITYINWESTGERMANY BetweenPersecutionandFreedom,1945–69 MidoriYamaguchi DAUGHTERSOFTHEANGLICANCLERGY Religion,GenderandIdentityinVictorianEngland Masculinity, Class and Same-Sex Desire in Industrial England, 1895–1957 Helen Smith UniversityofLincoln,UK ©HelenSmith2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-56602-0 ISBN 978-1-137-47099-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137470997 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. For Mum, Dad, Darren and Wilfred In Memory of Sheila and Melvern Attree This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures viii Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 2 PolicingandProsecutions 23 3 Working-ClassCulture 61 4 WorkandFamily 93 5 Sex 125 6 Language 156 7 Conclusion 188 Notes 196 Bibliography 228 Index 242 vii Figures 2.1 AcomparisonofmeninLondonandthenorthwho appearedincourtforhomosexualacts,1895–1918 26 2.2 AcomparisonofprosecutionfiguresfortheNorthern andNorth-EasternAssizecircuits 30 2.3 Guiltyandnotguiltyverdictsinprosecutionsfor homosexualoffencesinLondon,1895–1918 32 2.4 Guiltyandnotguiltyverdictsinprosecutionsfor homosexualoffencesinthenorth,1895–1918 32 2.5 GuiltyandnotguiltyverdictsinthetwoNorthern Assizecircuits 33 2.6 AcomparisonofmeninLondonandthenorthwho appearedincourtforhomosexualacts,1919–1938 39 2.7 AcomparisonofprosecutionfiguresfortheNorthern andNorth-EasternAssizecircuits 42 2.8 Guiltyandnotguiltyverdictsinprosecutionsfor homosexualoffencesinthenorth,1919–1938 43 2.9 AcomparisonofmeninLondonandthenorthwho appearedbeforethecourtsforhomosexualacts, 1939–1957 49 2.10 AcomparisonofprosecutionfiguresfortheNorthern andNorth-EasternAssizecircuits,1939–1957 50 2.11 Guiltyandnotguiltyverdictsinprosecutionsfor homosexualoffencesinthenorth,1939–1957 51 3.1 Working-classboysbathinginEndcliffeWood,Sheffield 64 3.2 AfancydressparadeatBeighton,Sheffield 66 3.3 RagWeekparade,1926 84 viii Acknowledgements There are more people to thank regarding the completion of this book than room on the page, but here goes. I can never thank Adrian Bingham enough for his advice, support and ability to put things in perspective. Mary Vincent and Clare Griffiths also provided invaluable comments and suggestions. Matt Houlbrook has been kind, support- ive and generous in his advice, and this book is all the better for his comments. Throughoutmycareersofar,Ihavebeenfortunatetomeetsomany kind, generous and encouraging people, all of whom have helped to make this book possible. Particular thanks go to the following: Alison Oram, Sean Brady, Harry Cocks, Daniel Grey, Timothy Jones, Alana Harris,ClareLanghamer,MattCook,EsmeCleall,EmmaVickers,Justin Bengry, Jeff Evans, Lucy Brown, Amy Kuroki-Walker, Matt Carnell and MattChetwood.SpecialthanksmustgotoLauraKing,ChristineGrandy and James Greenhalgh for reading drafts, offering comments and lis- tening to me go on over a beer. I am also grateful to my anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and to the editorial team at Palgravewhohavebeenprofessionalandsupportivethroughout. Thanksmustgotothelibrarians,archivistsandstaffatTheNational Archives, Kew; LAGNA; Rotherham Archives; Barnsley Archives; and, in particular, Sheffield Archives and Local Studies, where Cheryl Bailey and Tim Knebel have been inspirational with their knowledge and enthusiasm. Finally,Ioweatremendousdebttomyfriendsandfamily.Myfriends Laura Bruce, Emma Phillips, John Bashford, Martin Bushby, Catherine Bown and Rachel Dwyer have stuck by me through thick and thin. My parents, John and Sue Keating, have never wavered in their love, support and belief in me, and my husband, Darren, has made every- thingworthwhile.Icouldnothavedoneitwithoutthem.Finalthanks must go to my much missed grandparents, Sheila and Melvern Attree. Withoutthem,Idoubtthisbookwouldexist. ix
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