Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Europe

231 Pages·2004·16.5 MB·English

by  Virginia Nixon

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Mary’s Mother
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Image not available
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Mary’s Mother
Saint Anne in Late Medieval Europe
Virginia Nixon
the pennsylvania state university press
university park,pennsylvania
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Disclaimer:
Some images in the original version of this book are not
available for inclusion in the eBook.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nixon,Virginia,1939–
Mary’s mother :Saint Anne in late medieval Europe /
Virginia Nixon.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.Anne (Mother ofthe Virgin Mary),Saint—Cult—
Germany—History.
2.Germany—Religious life and customs.
I.Title.
BT685.N59 2004
232.9'33—dc22
2004000482
Copyright © 2004The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,
University Park,PA 16802-1003
The Pennsylvania State University Pressis a member ofthe Association
ofAmerican University Presses.
It is the policy ofThe Pennsylvania State University Pressto use acid-free
paper.Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum require-
ments ofAmerican National Standard for Information Sciences—
Permanence ofPaper for Printed Library Materials,ansi
z39.48–1992.
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Contents
List ofIllustrations vii
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
1 The Early History of the Cult of Saint Anne 11
2 Changes in the Late Fifteenth Century 21
3 Saint Anne and Concepts of Salvation in Late Medieval Germany 41
4 Salvational Themes in the Imagery of Saint Anne 55
5 Anne’s Promoters: Why Did They Do It? 67
6 Economic Factors and the Cult of Saint Anne: Augsburg and Annaberg 81
7 Functions and Perceptions: How People Used Images 99
8 Anne’s Decline 121
9 The Images 133
Notes 165
Bibliography 197
Index 211
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List ofIllustrations
Title, dates, and other information are those supplied by the institutions owning the works of
art. Sculptures, unless otherwise noted, are of wood.
1. Tilman Riemenschneider,Anna Selbdritt, 1490–95.Sandstone.Photograph
RolfNachbar.Reproduced by permission ofthe Mainfränkisches
Museum,Würzburg.
2. Hans Leinberger,Anna Selbdritt, 1513.Kloster St.Johann im Gnadenthal,
Ingolstadt.Photograph and permission to reproduce Kloster St.Johann im
Gnadenthal and the Kulturamt,Ingolstadt.
3. Leonardo da Vinci,The Virgin and Child with St. Anne, ca.1510.Louvre,Paris.
Photograph and permission to reproduce Reunion des musées nationaux /
Art Resource,New York.
4. Mosan,Anna Selbdritt,ca.1270/80.Photograph and permission to reproduce
Liebighaus Museum Alter Plastik,Frankfurt am Main.
5. Hans Greiff,Sainte-Anne Trinitaire Reliquary Statue,1472.Silver gilt and enamel.
Musée national du Moyen Age—thermes et hôtel de Cluny,Paris.Photo-
graph and permission to reproduce Reunion des musées nationaux / Art
Resource,New York.
6. Saint Anne Reliquary,fourteenth century,with later additions.Silver gilt.Anna-
kirche,Düren.By permission ofKatholische Pfarrgemeinde St.Anna,Düren
7. Thomas Anselmus,Holy Kinship,1501.Woodcut.Pforzheim.Photograph and
permission to reproduce Staatsbibliothek Bamberg.
8. Master ofthe Legend ofSaint Barbara,Virgin Enthroned with Angels,
1470–1500.Photograph Brian Merrett,Montreal Museum ofFine Arts.
Reproduced by permission ofthe Montreal Museum ofFine Arts.
9. Hans Holbein the Elder,Anna Selbdritt Katharinenaltar,1512.Augsburg
Staatsgalerie.Photograph and Permission to reproduce Bayerische Staats-
gemäldesammlungen.
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viii List of Illustrations
10. Madonna and Child,ca.1310.Stone.Lorenzkirche,Nuremberg.Photograph
and permission to reproduce Stadtarchiv Nürnberg.
11. Northeast Germany,Anna Selbdritt, late thirteenth century.Molded plaster.
Nikolaikirche,Stralsund.Photograph and permission to reproduce
Kirchenvereinamt,Stalsund.
12. Jan van Steffeswert,Anna-te-Drieen,1511.Photograph and permission to repro-
duce Bonnefantenmuseum,Maastricht.
13. Casper,Anna Selbdritt Plague Sheet,1494.Woodcut.Augsburg.Photograph and
permission to reproduce National Museum,Stockholm.
14. Swabia,Anna Selbdritt(side panel,Fugger Altarpiece),mid-sixteenth century
St.Markus in der Fuggerei,Augsburg.Photograph and permission to
reproduce Fürstl.u.Gräfl.Fuggersche Stiftung.
15. Lucas Cranach,Relics of Saint Anne, Woodcut (Wittenberger Heiligtumsbuch,
book 581/82,p.69).Photograph Jörg P.Anders.Reproduced by permission
ofthe Staatliche Museen zu Berlin,Preussischer Kulturbesitz,Kupfer-
stichkabinett/bpk.
16. Holy Kinship from Rabis,Thuringia,ca.1500.Thüringer Museum,Eisenach,
on loan from the Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirchgemeinde Schöngleina
mit Rabis.Photograph and permission to reproduce Klaus G.Beyer.
17. Albrecht Dürer,The Holy Kinship with the Lute-Playing Angels, 1511.Woodcut.
Photograph Jörg P.Anders.Reproduced by permission ofthe Staatliche
Museen zu Berlin,Preussischer Kulturbesitz,Kupferstichkabinett/bpk.
18. Daniel Mauch,Saint Anne Altarpiece,1510.Bieselbach parish church,Chapel of
St.Francis Xavier,Bieselbach.Photograph and permission to reproduce
Medienzentrale Landkreis Augsburg.
19. Lucas Cranach,Holy Kinship, 1509.Woodcut.Photograph Jörg P.Anders.
Reproduced by permission ofthe Staatliche Museen zu Berlin,Preussischer
Kulturbesitz,Kupferstichkabinett/bpk.
20. Lucas van Leyden,Saint Anne with the Virgin and Child,1516.Engraving.Photo-
graph Jörg P.Anders.Reproduced by permission ofthe Staatliche Museen
zu Berlin,Preussischer Kulturbesitz,Kupferstichkabinett/bpk.
21. Dirck van Hoogstraten,Anna-te-Drieen,1630.Photograph and permission to
reproduce Museum Amstelkring.Amsterdam.
22. Bavaria,Anna Selbdritt,late fourteenth century.Photograph and permission to
reproduce Bayerisches Nationalmuseum,Munich.
23. Master ofthe Ortenberg Altar,Ortenberg Altar, ca.1420–30.Photograph and
permission to reproduce,Hessisches Landesmuseum,Darmstadt.
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List of Illustrations ix
24. Quentin Massys,Triptych of the Saint Anne Confraternity at the Church of Saint
Peter in Louvain,1509.Photograph and permission to reproduce Museés
royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique,Brussels.
25. Flanders,Anne and Joachim at Home (Saint Anne Altarpiece),late fifteenth cen-
tury.Photograph Ursula Seitz-Gray.Reproduced by permission ofthe
Historisches Museum,Frankfurt an Main.
26. Brabant,Mechelen,Anna-te-Drieen,1515–24.Photograph Ruben de Heer.
Reproduced by permission ofMuseum Catharijneconvent,Utrecht.
27. Swabia,Anna Selbdritt Private Devotional Altarpiece (Hausaltarchen), ca.1490.
Photograph and permission to reproduce Metropolitan Museum ofArt,
The Cloisters Collection,New York.
28. Strasburg master,Anna Selbdritt,1470–early 1480s.Sandstone.Photograph
and permission to reproduce Statliche Museen zu Berlin,Skulpturen-
sammlung.
29. Brussels,Holy Kinship, 1500–1510.Musée du Parc du Cinquantenaire,Brussels.
Photograph and permission to reproduce Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts
de Belgique,Brussels.
30. Lower Rhine,Lamentation with the Anna Selbdritt, ca.1500.Photograph and
permission to reproduce Church ofSt.Michael,Schwalmtal-Waldniel.
31. Circle ofHenning van der Heide,Schlutuper Altar,late fifteenth century.
Photograph and permission to reproduce St.Annen-Museum,Lübeck.
32. Lübeck,The Children of Mary Cleophas (detail,Gertrudenbruderschaft Altar),
late fifteenth century.Photograph and permission to reproduce St.Annen-
Museum,Lübeck.
33. Atelier ofthe Master ofRabenden,Sainte Anne, la Vierge et l’Enfant, 1515–20.
Musée d’Unterlinden,Colmar.Photograph O.Zimmermann.Reproduced
by permission ofthe Musée d’Unterlinden,Colmar.
34. Vulva as pilgrim with phallus staffand rosary,ca.1375–1425.Found at
Reimerswaal,Holland.Stichting Middeleeuwse Religieuze en Profane
Insignes.Photograph courtesy ofH.J.E.van Beuningen.Reproduced by
permission ofthe Stichting Middeleeuwse Religieuze en Profane Insignes.
35. Bernhard Strigel,Saint Mary Salome and Her Family, ca.1520–28.National
Gallery ofArt,Washington,D.C.,Samuel H.Kress Collection.Photograph
and permission to reproduce National Gallery ofArt,Washington,D.C.
36. Flemish,Saint Colette’s Devotion to the Holy Kinship (Saint Anne Altarpiece),late
1400s.Photograph and permission to reproduce Historisches Museum,
Frankfurt am Main.