Table Of Content

Marx's Politics The king and queen Strapped down! to a board! That’s against all respect And all etiquette! Heinrich Heine, Deutschland, Ein Wintermarchen, 1844 The second curse for the king of the rich Whom our distress could not soften or touch The king who extorts the last penny from us And sends his soldiers to shoot us like dogs We are weaving, weaving! Heinrich Heine, “The Weavers,” 1844, translated by Engels for the Chartist journal, The New Moral World Marx's Politics Communists and Citizens Alan Gilbert Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, New Jersey Portions of previously published articles by the author have been adapted and incorporated in this work: “Marx on Internationalism and War,“ Phi losophy and Public Affairs 7(Summer 1978) : 346 369 is reprinted by permis sion of Princeton University Press; "Salvaging Marx from Avineri,” Political Theory 4(February 1976): 5-34 is reprinted by permission of the publisher, Sage Publications, Inc.; “Social Theory and Revolutionary Activity in Marx,” The American Political Science Review 73(Summcr 1979) : 52 1 - 538, is reprinted by permission of the American Political Science Association. Translations from Karl Marx, On Revolution, copyright © 1971 Saul K. Padover, are used with the permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Gilbert, Alan, 1944- Marx’s politics. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Marx, Karl, 1818-1883- Politicalscience. I. Title. JC233 M299G54 320.5'315'0924 80-23254 ISBN O-8135-O9O3-3 Copyright c 1981 by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Illustration adapted from an etching by Käthe Rollwitz. Storming the Owner's Mansion (1897), from her series 7'hi Wuiim For Richard and Emma Gilbert Contents Acknowledgments / xiii Abbreviations / xv I Introduction / 3 1-1. Economic Determinism and Marx’s Politics I 3 1 — 2. Marx’s Two Types of Theorizing and the Concept of Auxiliary Statements / 5 1-3. Tensions in Marx's Strategies / 13 1—4. Citizens and Communists / 16 Part One Marx’s Strategy and Organizing before 1848 / 19 II The French Revolution and Marx’s Strategy /21 2—1. French Republicanism and Communism /21 2-2. The French Revolution, German Democracy, and Communist Politics / 30 111 Chartism and Marx’s Second Revolutionary Strategy / 46 3 1. English Capitalism and the Working-Class Movement I 46 3 2. Engels’s The Condition of the Working Class in England and Marx’s Study of Chartism / 50 IV Marx’s Organizing and the League of the Just / 60 4-1. Marx’s Political Debates / 60 4—2. Schapper against Weitling: The Decline of x / Contents 4-3. Lumpenproletarian Uprising versus Peaceful Propaganda / 67 4-4. Weitling and Marx / 74 4-5. Marx’s Differences with the London Artisans /78 V Marx and Proudhon / 82 5 I Marx, Engels, and the German Artisans in Paris / 82 5-2. Mutualism versus Class Conflict / 85 5-3- Proudhon’s Analysis of European Politics / 92 VI Philosophy and the Proletariat; A Dual Path / 95 6-1. Feuerbach’s Anthropology and Communism / 95 6-2. Hess; Marx’s Materialism and Love / 100 6-3. Historical Materialism and Alienation / 108 VII Marx’s Organizing in Brussels and Germany / 112 7—1. Communist Correspondence and Democracy / 112 7-2. The Communist League / 117 7—3. Marx’s Strategy and Political Conflict among Radicals / 121 VIII The Communist Manifesto and Marx’s Strategies / 125 8- 1. The Paradoxes of the Manifesto / 125 8-2. The Manifestos General Theory / 126 8-3. The Manifesto's Political Impact / 131 8 4. The Manifestos Strategy for Germany / 134 Part Two Marx in the German Revolution / 137 IX Marx’s Internationalism I 139 9—1. The June Revolt / 139 9-2. Internationalism and German Democracy l13