Marxism and Philosophy PDF
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M A R X I SM A ND P H I L O S O P HY MONTHLY REVIEW PRESS CLASSICS Karl Korsch Translated and with an Introduction by Fred Halliday Copyrig©h 1t9 702,0 08b yM onthlRye viePwr ess Alrli ghrtess erved Originpaulbllyi sbhyeN dL B ISBN9 78-0-85.'345-15.'3-2 MonthlRye viePwr ess 146W es2t9 thS treSeuti,t 6eW NewY orkN,Y 10001 www.monthlyreview.org KarKlo rscAhn: I ntroduhyct FironeH da lli7d ay Marxisamn dP hiloso[p1h9y 2239] TheP reseSntta te oft heP robloefm' Marxisamn dP hiloso[p1h9y3' 09]8 Introduction tot heC rqiutoeitf lt Geo tPltrao gr[a1m9m2e12 4]5 TheM arxisomf t heF irIsntt ernati[o1n9al11 47]1 KarKlo rsch An Introduction KarKlo rscwha sb oronn 1 5A ugus1t8 8i6n T odstendeta,r HamburgH.i1sf athwearsa b anokffi ciwahlo c amoer igiyn all froamn E asPtr ussfiaamni olfsy m aflalr meArfst.es ro mtei me inT o dstetdhtef, a mimloyv edt oM einingienTn h,u ringia, wherKeo rscaht tentdheeld o csaelc ondsacrhyo oLla.t ehre attentdheuedn iversoifMt uineisc Bhe,r lGienn,e vaan dJ ena. He studileadwe ,c onomaincdsp hilosoapnhdwy a sa lsao membeorfa ' FrSeteu deMnotv emenwth'i cwash opposteod ther eactioannadnr ayt ionsatluidsetfn rta tern(iVteirehs in dungaennda) i metdoe stabcloinstha bcettsw etehnae ca demic worladn dt hes ociamloivsetm enItn.1 91h0 ea cquihrieds doctoraatJt een wai,t aht hesoints h oen uosf p rooifna dmis sioonfsg uilIttw. a sp ublisahy eedal ra tienrB erlin. Betwee19n1 2a nd1 914K orsccho ntinhuiessd t udiiens LondonH.e jointehde F abiaSno cieatnyd,w ass trongly influenbcyet dh sey ndicmaolviesmte nItnh. i esa ryleya rhse, I. Theb essto urcfeso rt heb iographiincfaolrm atoinoK no rsch are EricGhe rlacihn'tsr oducatnidbo ino graplnh oitceatsot he1 96ed6i tion ofM arxismuusnP dh ilosop(Ehuier opliiVsecrhlea gsanFsratnaklftu,r t); HermaWne ber'Dies Wandludnegds e utscKhoemnm unis(mEuurso piisichVee rlagsans1ta9l6ta,9n )dth; e s pecniuamlb eorfA lteronna tive Korsch( BerlAipnri,l1 96451,). 7 8 AnI ntroduction belietvheatdth eesmep hasitzhepedo sitciovnet eanntda ctively democratico fas sopceicatlbsiy cs omn,t rwaisttth h oer thodox Marxisomf t hSee conIdn ternawthiiocnhhaet l h ougdhetfi ned itsmeelrfe nleyg atiavset lhyae b oliotfit ohnce a pitmaoldies t ofp roductAitot nh.se a mtei mhee,w rotaer tifcolGree srm an periodoinca aslpse cotfEs n glilsihfi en,c ludEinnggl ilsahw , the suffrafgaertmpt oelsi,c Gya,l sworatnhdyt hes taotfe Engliusnhi versIint1i 9e1sh3.e m2 a rriHeedd dGaa gliabryd i, whom he hadt wod aughteTrhse.y r emainteodg ether throughhoiulsti faen df requecnotolpye raitnte hde oretical work. On thoeu tbroefat kh Fei rWsotr lWda r,i nA ugus1t9 14, Korscrhet urtnoeG de rmanBye.c auhseoe p postehdwe a rh e wasd emotefdr omt her anko fa reserve liteoua t enant corporbaulta; l thouhgenh e vecra rriae wde apohne,w as woundeadn dt wicdee corawtietdth h Ier oCnr osAsf.t etrh e wari,n 1 919h,eb ecamae e lcturaetJr e nUan iversity. Thew arm arketdh bee ginnoifhn igas c tipvoel iticaanld life ofh imso sitn tenpseer ioofdt heoreptriocdaulc tIino1 n9.1 7 hej ointehdeI ndependGeenrtm aSno ciaPlairstt(y U SPD) whichha ds plfirto tmh eo fficiGaelr maSno ciDaelm ocratic Part(yS PDt)o t hle efWth.e nt hUe SPDi tssepllfii nt1 9 2.0, Korscwhe ntw itht hem ajoriftayc tiionnt toh eG erman CommuniPsatr t(yt hKeP D)a lthouhgehh a dr eservations aboutth eT wenty-oPnoei nwthsi cfho rmetdh eL eninist conditfioomrne sm bersohfit ph eC ommuniIsntt ernational. Int hipse rioadf,t tehre N ovembe1r9 18o verthrooftw h e Kaisaenrdt he decloafrt ahteWi eoinm aRre publmiucc,ho f Europaen,dp articuGlearrmlayn wya,s i na s taotfer evolu- 1. Cf.'D ieF abianS ocietDyu'T ,a tI,V8 ,;' BeitrzliugrKe e nnmis des engliscRhechetsn' ,Z eiuchriIftnfotre rnaRtioencaXhluIt V,'; D ie FreiheiniE tn glanDdu'T ,a Vt,,7; ' ProblemAeuusnsdi chentgenl ischer UniversitatsentDwuiT caklutVn,Ig ,',' G4a;ls worthDyu',T atV,,9 . AnI ntrodu9 ction tionafreyr meTnhte.S partarciissiitnn Bg e rl(iJna nua1r9y1 9) andt heM unich SoRveipeutb l(iAcp ri1l9 19w)e reb oth bloodsiulpyp resBsuetfd o.tr w oy eartsh ewraes a na ctive and widesprmeoavde menfto rw orkercso'u nciinlssp ibryea d variseedot f M arxiasntda narcho-syniddiecaaKslo.ir'ss tc h particiapcattievdie ntl hyim so vemewnhti ch bheeli etvoeb de realizmianngyo ft hei deahse h add evelopienpd r e-war LondonH.e wasa m embeorf t heB erlSionc ializCaotmion mitteaen dc ontributtoe tdh er evolutiomnaagrayz ine Arheiterrat. Hisw ritinognsw orkercso'u ncoivlestr h ipse rifoadli ln to twop hasebse:t wee19n1 a8n d1 92.t0h erye flecttheedi mme diacayn do ptimiosftm h meo vemenbte;t we1e9n2. a0n d1 92.2. theeyx presistedsde cliinnae c tivaintdty h en eefdo rm ore critirceaflle ctWihoenn.t hem ovemenwta sa ti thse ighhet concentroante elda boraath iynpgo theteiccoanlo msiycs tem fora natioencaoln ombya sedo n workercso'u nciElasc.h plawnats t ob er unb ya f actocroyu ncwihli,c wha st ob et he constitiuntsitviet ouftp iroonl etadreimaonc raIcnyW .h ait s Socia/i(Mtaartc1ih9o 1n9h?)es etosu ta s ysmt eofe conomic organizactailoln'e,id n dustaruitaoln omiyn'w ,h icehv ery brancohft hen atioinnadlu swtoruyl bde r unb ya c ommittee coordinatthiein ngt eroefsb tost phr oducaenrdsc onsumers.' Eachi ndivifdaucatlow royu lhda vael imitferde edwoimt hin itisn dustDreyc.i siwoonusl rde lattote h ev olumoefp roduc tiotnh,ec onditioofw nosr ka ndt hed ivisoifoe na rninIgns . thfier sstt aogfet hissy sttehmme e anosfp roductwioounl d be socialainzdwe odr kewrosu lsdt iblepl a iadc cordtioon ugt put; 3.C f.P .V .O ertzeBn,e trieihnds eNrroa vteem herr(eDvroosltuet ion VerlaDgu,s serlfd1,o 963). 4.H ism ositm ponatnextt fsro mt hipse riaordre e prinitnSe cdifih ern {uSro {ialis(EiuerroupaniVgse crhlea gsan1s9t6aHl9it)sr,. o laen di deas ared iscusisnOe edr tzeonp,.c ita.n,di nG .E .R uscon'iK,o rsec lha stratceognisail iare-siPnrdoihcaldleeeSml'oci ,i alisnom.4o 1,, 1969. 10 AnI ntroduction int hes econsdt aglea,b ouirt sewlofu ldb es ocialainzde d workewrosu lbde p aiadc cordtiont gh eniere dIsn.t hiwso rk Korschi sc oncernnoetdo nltyo p rovitdheep ositciovnet ent hef elwta sa bsefnrotm pre-wsaorc ialbiustam l,s too a ttack ther eformiasntds ocial-demcoocnrcaetpoitfc's n ationaliza tioann'd ' workeprasr't iciptahteipnor ne'v alienGn etr many, whicshe rvetdo d eflectth ec ouncimlosv'e menftr omi ts revolutiaoinmasTr.hy e sree formciosntc eptfiouonndst heir expresisinao Rne ichsltaawog f F ebrua1r9y2 0. AsG ermacna pitacloinssmo lidiattseeadln fdt, h ec ouncils' movemendte clinKeodr,sc ht ritedoa nalytsheer easofnosr thef ailoufrt eh eu psurogfe1 918-2W0h.i loet heMra rxists correcsttlrye stsheead b senocfae r evolutioorngaaryn ization tos eizpeo werK,o rscehm phasitzheadtt h et heoretaincda l cultuprraelc ondiftoirso uncsah s eizuorfpe o wewre rea lso lacki'nIgtn.h feat efmuoln thasf tNeorv embe1r91 8w,he nt he organipzoeldi tpiocwaelor f t hbeo urgeowiasssi mea shaendd outwardltyh erwea sn othienlgsi ent hwea yo ft hetr ansition frocma pitatlosi oscmi altihsgemr ,e cahta nwcaes n ever seized becautshees ocio-psypcrhecoolnodgifitocirioa tnlssse i uzre werlea ckiFnogrt. h erweas n owhetroeb ef ouannddy e cisive heliienft h ei mmediarteea lizaobfia l siotcyi aelciosnto mic systewmh,i ccho ulhda vsew eptth mea ssaelso nwgi tihta nd proviadc elde kanro wleodfgt eh nea tuorfte h fier sstt etposb e taken.'a Korstchhde e afsecoarftti h bGeee dr maNno vember Revoluttioot nh ea bsenocfei deologpirceapla raantdi on politliecaald ersThhiipas.n alycshiasra ctermiuzcehod f h is subsequweonrtk H.i sb ookA rheitfsurrBe ecthrti ehsriite ('LaboLuarwf orF actoCroyu ncilwsr'i)t,ti en1n 9 l.2w,a s baseodn a c ourosfel ectuhreeg sa vteo w orkearnsd,r epre sentaenda ttemtpopt r oviad per oletalraiwfa onrw orkers' s.S cArfiftueSrno {ialisp.u7 r4.un g, AnI ntroduc1t1i on councIIi Klosr.s che'asr ljiuerri dtircaailn iisen vgi deinntt h is workw,h icahr gutehsa tth le awr elattioln agb oiusar c rucial areoaf b ourgeoiidse oloagnyd e xprestsheesp roductive relatcioonnsst itoufta ci avpei tasloicsiteK toyr.s cthh ougihtt wasa k eyi deologtiacsoakfl t her evolutimoonvaermye ntto prepaar ep roletalreigaaenlx pressoifof nu turseo cialist relatioofpn rso ductiIotmn a.y7b es aitdh atth itse xotn t he counciwlrsi,t taefnt eKro rschha dj ointehde K PD,h ada moreL enincihsatr actthearhn i esa rlwioerrk I.n c ontrtaos t thDeu tclhe ftisPtasn,n ekoaenkdG orteirts, t restshenes e ed fora partayn df ort raduen ionassw elals f orc ouncils, althouigtsh t ialclc orpdrsi matcoyt hec ouncwiiltsh tihni s triangsuelotaf pr r oletairnisant itutIitao snssu.m8te hsr ough outt hatth seu spensoifpo onl itliicfiaentl h Seo vieitnRs u ssia wasa m ereltye mporaorcyc urreinmcpeo,s oendt heB olshe vikbsy f amianne dC iviWla r. Korscwho'rsko nf actocroyu ncainldis t isn cipdieevnetl op mentt owarLdesn inicsomn trawsittsht haotf t heI talian MarxisAtn toniGor amscwih,o w ase ngageidnt heT urin Soviemto vemenotv ert hes amep eriodL.i9k eK orsch, Gramsctir ietdo t heoritzhees pontanemoouvse menotf workerpso'w erre leabsyet dh e1 914-w1a8rB .o tht hought thaat f uturreev olutiSotnaatcreoy u lbde p refigurbeytd h e 6.R eprinetxecdef,pos tro msee ctioonnt sh1 e9 2R0e ichlsetgaigs la- tiona,sA rheitsrechtJur (BeEturrioephasVrieiisrtcleha eg sanstalt, 1968). 7.i bipd.2. 6,. 8.i bipdp.I.,3 8ff. 9.A ntonGiroa ms'cSio,v iinIe ttasNl eyw'L ,eft R evieSwI ,w, i tahn introduOctthireoern l.e avsapnetoc fGt rsa mstchio'usag rhdeti scussed inJ ohMn. C ammeAtntt,o nGiroa msacnidt heO rgiinosfI talCioamn munism( StanfUonridv erPsriet1s9ys6 ,7T )h.ia sl snoa rrates Gramsci's relattioBo onrsd iKgoar,s cIht'asla ilialnnty hien ner-sptarurgtygi lne s thmei dd1l9e2 0ISti. sb ecaoufst eh ialsl iatnhcaeKt o rscghr'osu p criticized Gwroarmiksn Oc ridin'Nesu ovao s' aind eailnifsectto ifo n ItalCioamnm uni(sGme'r lianSc chh,r ifte{nurS o{ialispie.IIr u)n.g , 12 AnI ntroduction direesctta blishomfen nutc leparro letairnisatni tuhteiroen s andn ow.H oweveKro,r sche'lsa borhaytpeo thetpircoalle tarisatnai tneW hati sS ocialitaltiikGoern a?m,s ceia'rswl oyr k, avoidtehdce e ntprraolb leomfts h ree volutiionnsaurryr ection too verthrtohweb ourgeSotiasta en dt hep artoyr ganization necesstaoar cyc ompliti.As fht etrh ed efeoaftt hec ounciinl s 192b0o,t ahn alystehdec ausoefst hisse tbabcukt,G ramsci wentm uchf urthtehra nK orschi na ccepttihnegL eninist theoroyft hep artayst hei ndispenosragbalnei zaotfti hoen proletatroci oamtb atth eb ourgesotiast 'eR.e voluitsil oink e war,G'r amscwir ote',im tu stb em inuteplrye parbeyd a working-cgleansesrs atla ff.K'olrOs cohn, t heo thehra nd, wenot nt od evelhoipts h eoorfyt hes ubjecptrievceo nditions forre volubtyia oc nr itioqfou ret hodMoaxr xifsomir t fsa ilure top rovisduec aht heorTyh.e riesh owevearc e rtapianr allel withG ramshceir teo oA.l thouGgrha msecmip hasitzheed importaonftc heep artmyo ret haKno rschhea, l ssot restsheed neefdo srt rugignlt eh er ealomfc ivsiolc ieitncy u,l tuarned ideolosgiyn,tc heep oweorf t hreu licnlga wsass p rotecbtye d itisd eologpirceadlo minaonrhc eeg,e monoyv,e arl cll asosfe s capitasloicsiteA t mya.j otra sokf t hep roletarreivaonl ution, argubeo tKho rscahn dG ramsciiss, t rugognlt eh ied eological fronFto.rb otohf t hemp ositiinvtee rveinntt ihoesnp heorfe ideahsa dt os tarwti tha genercarli tioqfuf ea taliasntdi c mechanist itntr heeMn adrsx iosfmt heS econIdn ternational. Korscehx prestsheiedsm phasoints h eobryyw ritiwnogr ks att wol eveOlns .o nel evehle,w rotae s erioefsp edagogic brochuarnedsa rticdleessi,g nfeodrp artmye mberisn,t rodu cinagn de xplaitnhienb ga sicco ncepotfMs a rxisTmh.r eoef thesaepp eareidn 1922K.e rnpundkteerm aterialistischen 10.N ewL eftR evi5e1wp,. ,2 7 F.o rK orscho'wsn p ositpiovsei tion on Lenint'hse oroyf t hep artya,n dh iso pposit[i0o tnh aotf R osa Luxembursge,e' Leniunn dd ieK ominterinnD' i Ien terna19t2i4o. nale
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