Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre-Modern to Contemporary Perspectives

337 Pages·2014·22.897 MB·English

by  Dominic Janes, Alex Houen

Martyrdom and Terrorism

MARTYRDOM
AND
TERRORISM
Pre-Modern to Contemporary
Perspectives
z
Edited by
DOMINIC JANES
ALEX HOUEN
1
3
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Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments ix
Contributors xi
Introduction—Dominic janes anD alex houen 1
PART ONE: Pre- and Early Modern Violence and Martyrdom
1. Martyrdom, Memory, and the “Media Event”: Visionary
Writing and Christian Apology in Second-Century
Christianity—Kate cooper 23
2. Martyrdom in Islamic Thought and Praxis: A Historical
Survey—asma afsaruDDin 40
3. Rendering unto Caesar: The Rhetorics of Divided Loyalties in
Tudor England—susannah Brietz monta 59
4. Kristeva’s “New Knowledge”: Terrorism, Martyrdom, and
Psychoanalytic Humanism: Insights from Two Early Modern
Instances—Gary Waller 87
PART TWO: The French Revolution and the Invention of Terrorism
5. Martyrdom, Terrorism, and the Rhetoric of Sacrifice: The Cases
of Marat, Robespierre, and Loiserolles—julia V. DouthWaite 109
vi Contents
6. The Sentimental Construction of Martyrdom as
Motivation in the Thought of Maximilien Robespierre,
1789–1792—DaViD anDress 131
7. Terror, Vengeance, and Martyrdom in the French Revolution:
The Case of the Shades—ronalD schechter 152
8. John Foxe and British Attitudes to Martyrdom after the French
Revolution—Dominic janes 179
PART THREE: Martyrdom, Terrorism, and the Modern West
9. Fenianism and the Martyrdom-Terrorism Nexus in Ireland
before Independence—Guy Beiner 199
10. Spurning “This Worldly Life”: Terrorism and Martyrdom in
Contemporary Britain—aKil n. aWan 221
11. Martyrdom and Hostage Executions in the Iraq War: The Cases
of Kenneth Bigley and Margaret Hassan—alex houen 252
12. Filming the Ends of Martyrdom—jolyon mitchell 271
Select Bibliography 291
Index 297
List of Illustrations
5.1 Charles-Louis Muller, Roll Call of the Last Victims of the
Reign of Terror (1850) 111
5.2 Jacques-Louis David, La Mort de Marat (1793) 119
5.3 P. A. L. Maton (de-la-Varenne), Les Crimes de Marat et des
autres égorgeurs, ou Ma Résurrection (Paris: Chez André,
An 3 [1795]) 124
5.4 Collection complète des Tableaux historiques de la Révolution
française composée de cent treize numéros en trois volumes
(Paris: Chez Auber, An 13 [1804]), vol. 2, p. 420 128
7.1 Print, “Victory to the Shades of Lepeletier and Marat” 164
7.2 Jacques-Louis David, Beauvais and Bayle (dedicated
to their “shades”) 168
7.3 Print, “To the Shades of Our Brothers Sacrificed
by the Traitor” 174
8.1 John Foxe, An Universal History of Christian Martyrdom,
ed. “John Milner” [pseud. of F. W. Blagdon] (London:
B. Crosby, 1817), plate between pages 70 and 71 182
9.1 Lithograph, The Martyrs of Ireland (New York:
J. Walsh, c.1869) 206
9.2 John Tenniel, “The Fenian Guy Fawkes,” Punch, or the
London Charivari, December 28, 1867 218
9.3 Funeral of O’Donovan Rossa, Glasnevin Cemetery,
August 1, 1915 220
12.1 Film still, Becket, dir. Peter Glenville (1964),
Archbishop Thomas Becket (played by Richard Burton) 272
viii List of Illustrations
12.2 Film still, The Sign of the Cross, dir. Cecil B. DeMille’s
(1932), an aged Christian leader lies dead, having been
killed by a Roman arrow during an act of worship 277
12.3 Film still, Paradise Now, dir. Hany Abu-Assad (2005), one
of two “suicide bombers” prepares for his “martyrdom
operation” 280
Acknowledgments
the eDitors Wish to express their thanks to the staff of the University of
Notre Dame London Center and Birkbeck College, University of London
who arranged the hosting of the meeting of the contributors to this volume
in April 2011. In particular, Prof. Greg Kucich, the director of the Notre
Dame London Center, played a vital role in coordinating those proceed-
ings. Funding towards meeting the costs of this event was provided by the
University of Notre Dame. Dominic Janes was supported in his research
for, and editing work on, this volume by the award of a Fellowship from
the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK) for the academic year
2011/12.