Martin Luther: Father of the Reformation and Educational Reformer

116 Pages·2020·1.361 MB·English

by  Mihai Androne

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN EDUCATION
KEY THINKERS IN EDUCATION
Mihai Androne
Martin Luther
Father of the
Reformation
and Educational
Reformer
Translation from Romanian by
Corina Dobrotă and Oana Celia Gheorghiu
123
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Key Thinkers in Education
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Mihai Androne
Martin Luther
Father of the Reformation and Educational
Reformer
ă
Translation from Romanian by Corina Dobrot
and Oana Celia Gheorghiu
ă
Text Revision by Corina Dobrot
123
Mihai Androne
LowerDanube University of Galati
Galati, Romania
ISSN 2211-1921 ISSN 2211-193X (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inEducation
ISSN 2211-937X ISSN 2211-9388 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs onKeyThinkers inEducation
ISBN978-3-030-52417-3 ISBN978-3-030-52418-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52418-0
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To my wife, Ana
Acknowledgements
Severalpersonsbroughttheirprecious contributiontothepublicationofthisbook,
andtheydeservemyheartfeltthanks.Firstofall,IamgratefultoProf.PaulGibbs,
whogreatlyhonouredmebyproposingthatIshouldwriteabookonMartinLuther
for the prestigious Springer publishing house: I am all the more grateful to him as
notmany yearsagowecelebratedthe500thanniversaryoftheReformation.Also,
my gratitude goes to the publishing team, Marianna Pascale, Prashanth
Ravichandran, Lay Peng Ang, Bhagyalakkshme Sreenivasan, and Nick Melchior,
whosehelpwasveryvaluableineditingthemanuscript.Thesamegratitudeisowed
tomycolleaguesfromtheLowerDanubeUniversityofGalati,CorinaDobrotăand
Oana Celia Gheorghiu, for their translation work. I am additionally indebted to
Corina Dobrotă, who also revised the final material.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 The Five Solas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 In the Bible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 In Luther’s Theology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.1 Sola Scriptura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.2 Sola Fide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.3 Sola Gratia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.4 Solus Christus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.5 Soli Deo Gloria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 In Luther’s Pedagogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 A Humble Teacher of Holy Scripture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 Faith Is and Must Be Lord and God Over All
Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.3 God Would also Be Generous with His Gifts. . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.4 IfWeWishtoTrainChildren,WeMustBecomeChildren
with Them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.5 We Cannot Adequately Repay the Gods, Our Parents,
and Our Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 Work as Vocation. The Priesthood of All Believers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1 My Gospel Has Nothing to Do with the Things of This World. . . . 28
3.2 The Secular Occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3 The Wordly Ascetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4 The Priesthood of All Believers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4.1 Priesthood of All Believers and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4.2 Education as Biblical Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4.3 The Gender Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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x Contents
3.4.4 Should Women Preach?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.4.5 And What More Can Still Be Said? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.5 Deus Dedit Officium, Ut Servias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4 The Reform(ation) of the Church, School, and Person . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1 Iuventus Est Seminaria Ecclesiae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2 A Sacred Ark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3 A Sound Doctrine and a Right Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3.1 The Whole Aristotelian Ethic Is the Worst Enemy
of Grace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.2 Good Works Do not Make a Good Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.4 Man’s Reform(ation) and Institutional Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.4.1 The Motive Determines the Quality of a Profession. . . . . . 67
4.4.2 These Men of Little Faith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.4.3 A Change of Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.4.4 The Best Way to Teach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.4.5 Knowledge and Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.4.6 Fides Ex Auditu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.4.7 Born Anew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.4.8 The World Is Incapable of Reforming Itself. . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.4.9 Sola Scriptura, not Nuda Scriptura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Abbreviations
CD Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics. Edited by G. W. Bromiley and
T. F. Torrance. Four volumes, in twelve parts (one in two halves),
plus index. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1936–1977
CO IoannisCalviniopera quae supersuntomnia, editedby Wilhelm Baum
Eduard Cunitz, and Eduard Reuss. 59 vol. Corpus Reformatorum, vol.
29–87. Brunswick, C. A. Schwetschkeand Son (M. Bruhn), 1863-1900
CR PhilippiMelanchthonisOperaquaeSupersuntOmnia,editedby
C.G.Bretschneider.CorpusReformatorum,volumes1–28.Halle,
1834–1860
Inst John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 2 volumes. Edited by
John T. McNeill, trans. by Ford Lewis Battles. Louisville, KY:
Westminster John Knox Press, 2006
LE The Precious and Sacred Writings of Martin Luther, edited by John
Nicholas Lenker. Minneapolis, 1904–1909
LW Luther’s Works. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan, Helmuth Lehman and
Christopher Brown. Philadelphia: Fortress. St. Louis: Concordia
1957– (American Edition)
PE WorksofMartinLuther.6volumes.PhiladelphiaEdition,Philadelphia:
Holman, 1915–1943
RA DeutscheReichstagsaktenunterKaiserKarlV.21volumes,1893–2015
W1 D. Martin Luther’s Sämmtliche Schriflen. Edited by Johann Georg
Walch, 1st edition. 24 volumes. Halle: Johann Justinus Gebauer,
1740–53
W2 Martin Luther’s Sämmtliche Schriften. Edited by Johann Georg Walch.
2nd edition. 23 volumes. St. Louis: Concordia, 1880–1910
WA D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe. 73 volumes.
Weimar: H. Böhlaus, 1883–2009
WA BR D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Briefwechsel.
18 volumes. Weimar: H. Böhlaus, 1930–1985
xi