Martial Arts of the World. An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation (2 volumes) PDF
Preview Martial Arts of the World. An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation (2 volumes)
Martial Arts of the World A r c t i c O c e a n A r c t i c O c e a n Greenland Sweden Iceland R u s s i a Norway Finland R u s s i a Estonia C a n a d a United Kingdom Latvia Denmark Lithuania Neth. Ireland Poland Belarus Germany Bel. Lux. Czech Rep. Ukraine Slovakia Austria Mold. Kazakhstan Switz. Slovenia Hungary Romania Mongolia Croatia France Italy Bos. & Herz. Serb. Mont. Bulgaria N. Korea Albania Mace. Georgia Kyrgyzstan Portugal Armenia Azerb. Uzbekistan Japan United States Spain Greece Turkey Turkmenistan Tajikistan China P a c i f i c S. Korea Malta Cyprus Syria C h i n a Lebanon Iran A t l a n t i c Tunisia Israel Afghanistan Morocco Jordan Iraq Algeria Kuwait Nepal Pakistan Bahamas Western Sahara Libya Egypt Qatar Mexico (Occupied by Morocco) U.A.E. Burma Laos Cuba Dom. Rep. Mauritania Saudi Arabia India Oman Belize Jamaica Haiti Mali Yemen Thailand Philippines Honduras Cape Verde Senegal Niger Chad Eritrea Cambodia Vietnam GuaEtelm Saallavador Nicaragua GuineGa-aBmibssiau Burkina Faso Sudan Dijbouti Costa Rica Panama Venezuela TrinGiduayda n&a Tobago Guinea Cote TogBoenin Nigeria Brunei Palau French Guiana Sierra Leo Lnieberia d'IvoireGhana Cameroon Central African Republic Ethiopia Somalia Sri Lanka Malaysia Suriname Colombia Equatorial Guinea Uganda Kenya Sao Tome & Principe Congo Ecuador Gabon Rwanda Dem. Rep. I n d o n e s i a Papua O c e a n of Congo Burundi I n d i a n New Guinea Solomon Islands Peru Tanzania East Timor B r a z i l O c e a n Angola Somoa Malawi Vanuatu Zambia Fiji Bolivia Namibia Zimbabwe Mauritius Mozambique Tonga Botswana Paraguay Chile A u s t r a l i a Swaziland Madagascar O c e a n Lesotho South Africa Argentina Uruguay New Zealand Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation VOLUME I Regions and Individual Arts Thomas A. Green and Joseph R. Svinth, Editors Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Martial arts of the world : an encyclopedia of history and innovation / Thomas A. Green and Joseph R. Svinth, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-244-9 (e-book) 1. Martial arts—Encyclopedias. I. Green, Thomas A., 1944– II. Svinth, Joseph R. GV1101.M29 2010 796.8—dc22 2010004149 ISBN: 978-1-59884-243-2 EISBN: 978-1-59884-244-9 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Volume I: Regions and Individual Arts List of Contributors xi Introduction xvii A Note on Romanization xxi Africa 1 Canary Islands Stick Fighting and Wrestling 1 Dambe 6 Gidigbo 10 Moraingy 14 Zulu Stick Fighting 18 Americas 25 52 Hand Blocks/Jailhouse Rock 25 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu 31 Capoeira 37 Caribbean Martial Arts 42 Kenpo Karate 49 Central and Southwest Asia 55 Central Asian Archery 55 Iranian Martial Arts 66 Mongolian Martial Arts 77 Ottoman Martial Arts 81 Ottoman Oiled Wrestling 85 East Asia 89 China: Boxing Styles 89 China: Martial Arts 92 China: Martial Arts in Hong Kong 99 vi Contents China: Martial Arts in Taiwan 101 China: Martial Theories 105 China: Martial Women 108 China: Shaolin Temple Legends 110 China: Weapons 114 China: Wrestling 116 Japan: Jujutsu 120 Japan: Judo 127 Japan: Aikido 132 Japan: Kendo 139 Japan: Iaido 144 Japan: Jo 147 Japan: Kyudo 152 Japan: Naginata 158 Japan: Ninpo 162 Japan: Shorinji Kempo 172 Japan: Sumo 175 Korea: Hapkido 183 Korea: Kumdo 187 Korea: Ssireum 190 Korea: Taekkyon 195 Korea: Taekwondo 199 Okinawa: Karate 205 Europe 213 Amazons and Gladiatrices 213 Canne de Combat 217 Celtic Martial Arts 221 English Pugilism 228 Fighting Arts of the Hellenic, Hellenistic, and Roman Eras 233 Fighting Arts of the Early Middle Ages 240 Fighting Arts of the Later Middle Ages 242 Fighting Arts of the Renaissance 249 Savate, Chausson, and French Boxing 256 Oceania 263 Australia 263 Melanesia 265 Contents vii Micronesia 268 Polynesia: Tahiti, Hawai‘i, and Aotearoa (New Zealand) 270 South Asia 281 South Asian Martial Arts 281 Indian Wrestling 289 Thang-Ta 294 Southeast Asia 299 Arnis 299 Kuntao 312 Muay Thai 317 Silat 324 Index I-1 About the Editors Volume II: Themes List of Contributors xi A Note on Romanization xvii Social Uses of the Martial Arts xix Belief Systems 331 Belief Systems: Africa 332 Belief Systems: China 338 Belief Systems: European Chivalry 345 Belief Systems: European Occult Sciences 352 Belief Systems: India 357 Belief Systems: Iran 363 Belief Systems: Japanese Budo, Bujutsu, and Bugei 369 Belief Systems: Japanese Martial Arts and Religion before 1868 371 Belief Systems: Japanese Martial Arts and Religion since 1868 382 Belief Systems: Silat 394 Commodification of Leisure 405 Chinese Martial Arts and Money 406 Martial Arts Tourism 411 viii Contents Expressive Culture 417 Folklore 423 Invented Traditions 428 Globalization of Martial Arts 435 Asian Martial Arts in the United States and Canada 442 Bartitsu 451 Capoeira in Europe 455 Finnish-Canadian Wrestlers 460 International Boxing 465 International Freestyle and Greco-Roman Wrestling 471 International Karate 474 Jeet Kune Do 479 Mixed Martial Arts 485 Professional Wrestling 491 Reality-Based Defense 496 Sambo 502 Women’s Boxing, 1972–Present 514 Women’s Freestyle Wrestling 520 Martial Media 527 Film and the Martial Arts 527 Gunfighters 534 Television and the Martial Arts 539 The Internet and the Martial Arts 549 Written Texts: Japan 554 Military, Paramilitary, and Law Enforcement Methods 565 American Judo, 1942–1945 565 Bayonet Training in the United States 568 Judo in Japan, 1931–1950 573 Jukendo 578 Kapap and Krav Maga 583 Military Unarmed Fighting Systems in the United States 588 Police Defensive Tactics Training in the United States 593 Social and Cultural Evolution of Kendo 598
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