Martial Arts of the World

926 Pages·2001·5.26 MB·English

Martial Arts
of the World

Martial Arts
of the World
An Encyclopedia
Volume One: A–Q
Edited by Thomas A. Green
Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England
Copyright © 2001 by Thomas A. Green
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in
a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Martial arts of the world: an encyclopedia / [edited] by Thomas A. Green.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-57607-150-2 (hardcover: alk. paper); 1-57607-556-7 (ebook)
1. Martial arts—Encyclopedias. I. Green, Thomas A., 1944–
GV1101.M29 2001
796.8'03—dc21 2001002823
06 05 04 03 02 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit abc-clio.com
for details.
ABC-CLIO, Inc.
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper I.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
Editorial Board, ix
Contributor List, xi
Introduction, xv
A Note on Romanization, xix
Martial Arts of the World:
An Encyclopedia
Volume 1: A–Q Dueling, 97
Africa and African America, 1
Europe, 109
Aikidô, 12
External vs. Internal Chinese
Animal and Imitative Systems
Martial Arts, 119
in Chinese Martial Arts, 16
Archery, Japanese, 18
Folklore in the Martial Arts, 123
Baguazhang (Pa Kua Ch’uan), Form/Xing/Kata/Pattern Practice,
23 135
Boxing, Chinese, 26
Boxing, Chinese Shaolin Styles, 32 Gladiators, 141
Boxing, European, 44 Gunfighters, 149
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, 52
Budô, Bujutsu, and Bugei, 56 Hapkidô, 157
Heralds, 162
Capoeira, 61
China, 65 Iaidô, 169
Chivalry, 72 India, 173
Combatives: Military and
Police Martial Art Training, 83 Japan, 179
v
Japanese Martial Arts, Chinese Volume 2: R–Z
Influences on, 199
Rank, 445
Jeet Kune Do, 202
Religion and Spiritual Development:
Jûdô, 210
Ancient Mediterranean and
Medieval West, 447
Kajukenbo, 219
Religion and Spiritual Development:
Kalarippayattu, 225
China, 455
Karate, Japanese, 232
Religion and Spiritual Development:
Karate, Okinawan, 240
India, 462
Kendô, 249
Religion and Spiritual Development:
Kenpô, 255
Japan, 472
Ki/Qi, 260
Knights, 263
Sambo, 507
Kobudô, Okinawan, 286
Samurai, 514
Korea, 291
Savate, 519
Korean Martial Arts, Chinese
Silat, 524
Influences on, 299
Social Uses of the Martial
Koryû Bugei, Japanese, 301
Arts, 532
Krav Maga, 306
Southeast Asia, 538
Kung Fu/Gungfu/Gongfu, 313
Stage Combat, 551
Stickfighting, Non-Asian, 556
Masters of Defence, 317
Sword, Japanese, 564
Medicine, Traditional Chinese, 327
Swordsmanship, European
Meditation, 335
Medieval, 570
Middle East, 338
Swordsmanship, European
Mongolia, 344
Renaissance, 579
Muay Thai, 350
Swordsmanship, Japanese, 588
Swordsmanship, Korean/Hankuk
Ninjutsu, 355
Haedong Kumdô, 597
Okinawa, 363
T’aek’kyo˘n, 603
Orders of Knighthood,
Taekwondo, 608
Religious, 368
Taijiquan (Tai Chi Ch’uan), 617
Orders of Knighthood,
Thaing, 629
Secular, 384
Thang-Ta, 637
Training Area, 643
Pacific Islands, 403
Pankration, 410 Varma Ati, 647
Performing Arts, 417 Vovinam/Viet Vo Dao, 651
Philippines, 422
Political Conflict and the Warrior Monks, Japanese/Sôhei, 659
Martial Arts, 435 Women in the Martial Arts, 664
vi Contents
Women in the Martial Arts: Britain Wrestling and Grappling: Japan, 727
and North America, 684 Wrestling, Professional, 735
Women in the Martial Arts: Written Texts: China, 745
China, 689 Written Texts: India, 749
Women in the Martial Arts: Written Texts: Japan, 758
Japan, 692
Wrestling and Grappling: China, 705 Xingyiquan (Hsing I
Wrestling and Grappling: Ch’uan), 775
Europe, 710
Wrestling and Grappling: India, 719 Yongchun/Wing Chun, 781
Chronological History of the Martial Arts, 787
Index, 839
About the Author, 895
Contents vii

Editorial Board
D’Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton
Associate Professor of History, University of Notre Dame; medieval nobility and
feudalism; The Knights in the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood
in Late Medieval Europe, 1326–1520 (1987).
John Clements
Director, Historical Armed Combat Association; reconstruction of European
martial traditions for use as martial art; Medieval Swordsmanship: Illustrated
Methods and Techniques (1998), Renaissance Swordsmanship: The Illustrated
Use of Rapiers and Cut-and-Thrust Swords (1997).
Karl Friday
Professor of History, University of Georgia; early Japan, Japanese military insti-
tutions and traditions; Hired Swords: The Rise of Private Warrior Power in
Early Japan (1992), with Professor Seki Humitake Legacies of the Sword: The
Kashima-Shinryû and Samurai Martial Culture (1997); current book project
Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan(Routledge, the Warfare
in History series).
Ronald A. Harris
Ronald Harris and Associates; martial arts instructor in classic Filipino martial
arts, Muay Thai, Boxe Francaise Savate, Taekwondo; numerous articles in Black
Belt, Inside Kung Fu, and similar popular publications.
Stanley E. Henning
Assistant Professor, Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies, Honolulu; Chinese
language and martial arts, Asian military history; numerous articles in scholarly
journals.
Keith Otterbein
Professor of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo; cross-
cultural analysis of warfare, dueling, feuding; The Evolution of War (1970),
ix
Comparative Cultural Analysis (1972), Feuding and Warfare (1991), and The
Ultimate Coercive Sanction: A Cross-Cultural Study of Capital Punishment
(1986).
Joseph R. Svinth
Editor, Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences; martial arts history, cul-
tural studies; Kronos: A Chronological History of the Martial Arts and Com-
bative Sports, numerous articles in scholarly journals.
Phillip Zarrilli
Professor of Drama, University of Exeter, U.K.; India, performing arts, South
Asian studies, folklore; When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Dis-
courses, and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art
(1998), Kathakali Dance-Drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play
(2000); coauthor, Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance (1990), Wilhelm
Tell in America’s Little Switzerland(1987),The Kathakali Complex: Actor, Per-
formance, Structure (1984); editor, Acting (Re)considered: Theories and Prac-
tices (1995), Asian Martial Arts in Actor Training (1993).
x Editorial Board