Marlborough: His Life and Times, Volume II PDF
Preview Marlborough: His Life and Times, Volume II
Marlborough His Life and Times Volume Two Winston S. Churchill Copyright Marlborough His Life and Times, Volume Two First published 1933–38. © Estate of Winston S. Churchill. Cover art to the electronic edition copyright © 2014 by RosettaBooks, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. Image of Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, home of the Dukes of Marlborough and birthplace of Winston Churchill, reproduced by permission of Curtis Brown, London, on behalf of The Broadwater Collection, an archive of photographs owned by the Churchill family and held at the Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. Electronic edition published 2014 by RosettaBooks, LLC, New York. Cover jacket design by Alexia Garaventa ISBN Mobipocket edition: 9780795329920 ABBREVIATIONS B.M. = British Museum Library. C. = Chancery Records in the London Record Office. C.S.P. = Calendar of State Papers. C.S.P. (Dom.) = Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series. D.N.B. = Dictionary of National Biography. H.M.C. = Report of the Royal Historical Manuscripts Commission. P.R.O. = The Public Record Office, London. S.P. = State Papers. For further details as to footnote references see the Bibliography. In quoting from old documents and letters the original text has been preserved wherever it is significant. Letters of Marlborough and Sarah which enter directly into the narrative have been modernized in spelling, grammar, and punctuation so far as is convenient to the reader. But the archaic style and setting has been preserved, and occasionally words are left in characteristic spelling. Documents never before made public are distinguished with an asterisk (*). In the case of unpublished letters to and from Marlborough preserved in the Blenheim collection no further reference is given. All italics are the Author’s, unless the contrary is stated. In the diagrams, except where otherwise stated, fortresses held by the allies are shown as black stars and those occupied by the French as white stars. METHOD OF DATING Until 1752 dates in England and on the Continent differed owing to our delay in adopting the Reformed Calendar of Gregory XIII. The dates which prevailed in England were known as Old Style, those abroad as New Style. In the seventeenth century the difference was ten days, in the eighteenth century eleven days. For example, January 1, 1601 (O.S.), was January 11, 1601 (N.S.), and January 1, 1701 (O.S.), was January 12, 1701 (N.S.). The method I have used is to give all dates of events that occurred in England and documents written in England in the Old Style, and of events that occurred abroad in New Style. In sea battles and a few other convenient cases the dates are given in both styles. It was also customary at this time—at any rate, in English official documents —to date the year as beginning on Lady Day, March 25. What we should call January 1, 1700, was then called January 1, 1699, and so on for all days up to March 25, when 1700 began. This has been a fertile source of confusion. In this book all dates between January 1 and March 25 have been made to conform to the modern practice. CONTENTS VOLUME TWO Preface I. THE SUNSHINE DAY II. THE REPUBLIC OF THE DYKES III. QUEEN ANNE’S FIRST GOVERNMENT IV. THE TORY FERMENT V. THE STRUCTURE OF THE WAR VI. THE HEATHS OF PEER VII. THE FORTRESSES OF THE MEUSE VIII. THE OCCASIONAL CONFORMITY BILL IX. NEW COMBATANTS X. “THE GREAT DESIGN” XI. “VICTORIOUS WITHOUT SLAUGHTER” XII. THE QUEEN’S COMMANDS XIII. THE GENESIS OF BLENHEIM XIV. TREPANNING AN ARMY XV. THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE XVI. MARLBOROUGH AND EUGENE XVII. THE STORM OF THE SCHELLENBERG XVIII. THE DEVASTATION OF BAVARIA XIX. MARSHAL TALLARD XX. THE BATTLE OF BLENHEIM XXI. THE CONSEQUENCES OF VICTORY XXII. THE RETURN TO THE RHINE XXIII. THE CONQUERING HERO XXIV. THE MARGRAVE’S TOE XXV. THE LINES OF BRABANT XXVI. THE UNFOUGHT WATERLOO XXVII. THE MORTIFIED ADVENTURER BIBLIOGRAPHY Endnotes ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME TWO Facsimiles of Letter THE BLENHEIM LETTER Maps and Plans THE BARRIER FORTRESSES AFTER THE TREATY OF RYSWICK MEDITERRANEAN NAVAL BASES FRANCE: PATHS OF INVASION THE LINES OF STOLLHOFEN FORTRESSES OF THE MEUSE AND RHINE, EARLY IN 1702 THE SIEGE OF KAISERSWERTH THE CRANENBURG PINCERS MARLBOROUGH STRIKES SOUTH THE SECOND THRUST MARLBOROUGH COVERS THE SIEGE OF VENLOO MARLBOROUGH MOVES ON LIÉGE FORTRESSES OF THE MEUSE AND RHINE, END OF 1702 THE GUELDERS AMBUSCADE CADIZ VIGO BAY “THE GREAT DESIGN” THE JUNE SITUATION ECKEREN VILLEROY’S WITHDRAWAL MARLBOROUGH’S PROPOSAL THE CAMPAIGN IN BAVARIA AND THE TYROL THE FIRST BATTLE OF HÖCHSTÄDT SPIRBACH FORTRESSES OF THE MEUSE AND RHINE, END OF 1703 FRENCH CONTROL OF THE UPPER RHINE TALLARD PASSES THE DRAFTS TO BAVARIA THE MARGRAVE MISSES THE ELECTOR THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: MAY 23 THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: MAY 27 THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: MAY 29 THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: JUNE 3 THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: JUNE 7 MARLBOROUGH’S SUCCESSIVE THREATS THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: JUNE 11 THE MARCH TO THE DANUBE: JUNE 25 THE NEW COMMUNICATIONS THE ADVANCE TO THE SCHELLENBERG THE STORM OF THE SCHELLENBERG THE STORM OF THE SCHELLENBERG THE TRIANGLE TALLARD ATTACKS VILLINGEN AUGUST 8 AUGUST 10 THE ADVANCE TO BLENHEIM ALLIED DISPOSITIONS FRENCH DISPOSITIONS ATTACK ON BLENHEIM VILLAGE PALMES’S CHARGE ACTION ROUND OBERGLAU LEFT AND CENTRE AT 4 P.M. THE BREAK-THROUGH EUGENE’S THIRD ATTACK THE PURSUIT THE END OF THE BATTLE THE BATTLE OF BLENHEIM VILLEROY SUCCOURS MARSIN VILLEROY ABANDONS LANDAU THE MOSELLE PATH OF INVASION MARLBOROUGH SECURES THE MOSELLE THE MOSELLE PLAN FOR 1705 THE ADVANCE TO SIERCK THE MARGRAVE’S CIRCUIT MARLBOROUGH RETURNS TO THE MEUSE FORCING THE LINES: DUSK FORCING THE LINES: DARKNESS FORCING THE LINES: DAWN ELIXEM 10 A.M. THE DYLE MARLBOROUGH THREATENS THE FORTRESSES AUGUST 17 AUGUST 18 GENERAL MAP OF EUROPE GENERAL MAP OF THE NETHERLANDS, ETC. GENERAL MAP OF GERMANY, ETC.
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