Marine Surfactants This book explores the development of novel marine biosurfactants. The book also covers the utilization of marine surfactants for biological, biomedical, and environmental applications. Marine Surfactants: Preparations and Applications aims to examine every aspect of marine-derived surfactants. The first part of the book discusses the isolation of marine surfactants from various organisms, including marine bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria, and so on. The editors also examine the cultivation of marine microorganisms and the harvesting of other natural biological resources from the sea. The next part of the book discusses the application of marine surfactants, including oil spill removal in the sea, bioremediation of polluted water and soil, treatments for breast cancer, restoration of marine environments, nanoparticle synthesis, and development of different kinds of emulsifiers. With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, this book will be an essential resource in understanding and developing various marine-derived surfactants. This book is intended for researchers and marine biotechnologists as well as medical practitioners working on a vast range of industrial and medical applications using marine materials. It would also be useful for students looking to understand the utilization of marine-derived surfactants. Marine Surfactants Preparations and Applications Edited by Se-Kwon Kim and Kyung-Hoon Shin First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Se-Kwon Kim, Kyung-Hoon Shin; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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ISBN: 978-1-032-30704-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-30966-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-30746-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003307464 Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents Preface .................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................xi Editor Biographies .............................................................................................xiii List of Contributors ............................................................................................ xv Chapter 1 Surfactin and Surfactin-Like Production, Purification and Application in Marine Environments ...................................... 1 Ricardo R. Oliveira, Gabriela Coelho Breda, Patrícia Maria Rocha, Wilza Kímilly Vital de Paiva, Everaldo Silvino dos Santos, and Leticia Dobler Chapter 2 Marine Microbe Surfactants: Future Implementations ................ 39 Khouloud M. Barakat and Osama M. Darwesh Chapter 3 Marine Bacteria Surfactants: Bioremediation and Production Aspects ....................................................................... 87 L. Blandón, A. Zuleta-Correa, M. Quintero, E.L. Otero-Tejada and J. Gómez-León Chapter 4 Rhamnolipids Produced by Marine Microorganisms, A Perspective .............................................................................. 125 Jorge Gracida, Arturo Abreu, Dulce Celeste López Díaz and Evelyn Zamudio Pérez Chapter 5 Role of Biosurfactants Produced by Marine Microbes in Bioremediation .........................................................................141 Ria Desai and Trupti K Vyas Chapter 6 Diversity of Marine Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria and Their Role in the Degradation of Heterogenous Petrochemical Hydrocarbons ...................................................... 163 Brian Gidudu and Evans M.N. Chirwa v vi Contents Chapter 7 Production and Characterization of Biosurfactants to Improve the Effectiveness and Bioavailability of Insoluble Antibiotics ................................................................... 185 C. Elizabeth Rani and Mithrambigai Chapter 8 Marine Algal and Cyanobacterial Surface-Active Compounds ................................................................................. 201 J.J. Mehjabin and T. Okino Chapter 9 The Exploitation of Marine Biosurfactants in India ....................213 Camelia Bhattacharyya and Sumitra Datta Chapter 10 Advances in Biosurfactant Production from Marine Waste and Its Potential Application in the Marine Environment ................................................................................ 223 Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma, Xiaoyan Zhang, Guiling Wang, Edidiong Okokon Atakpa, Lijia Jiang and Chunfang Zhang Chapter 11 Marine Biosurfactants: Applications in Agriculture .................. 255 Shashank Reddy, Vartika Verma and Nidhi Srivastava Chapter 12 Cosmetic Application of Surfactants from Marine Microbes ...................................................................................... 271 Tirth Bhatt, Avani Bhimani, Asmita Detroja, Dhruv Gevariya and Gaurav Sanghvi Chapter 13 Marine Biosurfactants Combined with Nanomaterials for Potential Oil Spill Remediation............................................. 295 Deviany Deviany and Siti Khodijah Chaerun Chapter 14 Marine Biosurfactants in Environmental Bioremediation: Scope and Applications ............................................................... 309 Swasti Dhagat and Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu Contents vii Chapter 15 Biosurfactants in Oil Spill Cleanup ............................................ 327 E. Kardena, Q. Helmy, and Sukandar Chapter 16 Extensive Studies on Fermentative Production of Biosurfactants from Extremophilic Marine Microbes............... 375 Nabya Nehal, Sonal, Sapna Jaiswar and Priyanka Singh Index ................................................................................................................. 405 Preface Around 70% of the ocean is covered by water, and the marine environment is an underexplored natural resource. Marine surfactants have gained much attention due to their interesting biological properties. Marine-derived species, including microbes, have produced fascinating surfactants that can be potentially used in several biological and biomedical applications. In the current book, several contributors around the globe contributed to marine surfactant production, the culture method of microbes for surfactant pro- duction, and the essential bioprocess method to enlarge surfactant production. Purification of surfactants using acid precipitation, solvent extraction, liquid membrane extraction, foam fractionation, and membrane-based techniques are discussed in the introduction chapters. Different kinds of surfactant glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids, lipoproteins, and polymeric surfactants are pro- vided. The diversity of marine biosurfactant-producing bacteria and their role in the degradation of petrochemical hydrocarbons are discussed. Finally, the pro- duction and characterization of biosurfactants to improve the effectiveness and bioavailability of insoluble antibiotics are discussed. Bacteria producers of biosurfactants isolated from saline soil and caverns and the role of microbial biosurfactants in marine bioremediation are presented— marine algal and cyanobacterial surface-active compounds. In the book’s final part, the authors discuss marine biosurfactants’ application in agriculture, cos- metics, oil remediation, and environmental bioremediation—extensive studies on the fermentative production of biosurfactants from extremophilic marine microbes. I am fully aware that I cannot completely satisfy the interest of various scien- tists working in this area. Still, I hope this book will bring forward new avenues in this ever-growing field. In the future, I intend to fully address any inadver- tent inadequacies and welcome all suggestions that can be included in coming editions. Finally, I am thankful to Dr. Venkatesan J, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), India, who has extended his helping hand to complete this book. Prof. Se-Kwon Kim, South Korea ix