Marine Structural Design

634 Pages·1998·14.092 MB·English

by  G. Owens

i A R I N E
LV
T R U C T U R A L
U
D E S I G N
Functional Ultimate strength, Structural reliability,
Loads
requirements Fatigue and frature Risk assessment
I I I I
Limit-state design
R(ftJym,...,) > S(Y,Q,)
ELSEVIER

MARINE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Elsevier Internet Homepage: http:Nwww.elsevier.com
Consult the Elsevier homepage for full catalogue information on all books, journals and electronic products and services.
Elsevier Titles of Related Interest
Ocean Engineering Series OWENS
Steel in Construction (CD-ROM Proceedings with Printed
WATSON Abstracts Volume, 268 papers)
Practical Ship Design ISBN 008-042997-1
ISBN 008-042999-8
YOUNG GODOY
Wind Generated Ocean Waves Thin-Walled Structures with Structural Imperfections: Analysis
ISBN: 008-04331 7-0 and Behavior
ISBN: 008-042266-7
BAl
Pipelines and Risers FUKUMOTO
ISBN 008-043712-5 Structural Stability Design
ISBN: 008-042263-2
JENSEN
Local and Global Response of Ships
ISBN: 0080439S3-S GUEDES-SOARES
Advances in Safety and Reliability (3 Volume Set)
TUCKER & PITT ISBN: 008-04283s-S
Waves in Ocean Engineering
ISBN 008-043566-1
CHAN & TENG
ICASS '02. Advances in Steel Structures (2 Volume Set)
Other Titles ISBN. 008-04401 7-7
MOAN & BERGE
13&I nt Ship & Offshore StructuresC ongress (ISSC 1997) OHTSUBO & SUM1
ISBN: 008-042829-0 14' Int. Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC 2000)
ISBN: 008-043602-1
Related Journals
Free specimen copy gladly sent on request. Elsevier Lid, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 IGB, UK
Applied Ocean Research Engineering Structures
Advances in Engineering Software Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
CAD International Journal of Solids and Structures
Coastal Engineering Journal of Constructional Steel Research
Composite Strua~res Marine Structures
Computers and Structures NDT & E International
Construction and Building Materials Ocean Engineering
Engineering Failure Analysis Structural Safety
Engineering Fracture Mechanics Thin-Walled Structures
To Contaet the Publisher
Elsevier welcomes enquiries concerning publishing proposals: books, journal special issues, conference proceedings, etc. All
formats and media can be considered. Should you have a publishing proposal you wish to discuss, please contact, without
obligation, the publisher responsible for Elsevier's civil and strucutral engineering publishing programme:
James Sullivan
Publishing Editor
Elsevier Ltd
The Boulevard, Langford Lane Phone: -4-44 1865 843 178
Kidlington, Oxford Fax: +44 I865 843920
OX5 IGB, UK E.mail: [email protected]
General enquiries, including placing orders, should be directed to Elsevier's Regional Sales Offices - please access the
Elsevier homepage for full contact details (homepage details at the top of this page).
MARINE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
YONG BAI
2003
ELSEVIER
Amsterdam - Boston - Heidelberg - London - New York - Oxford
Paris - San Diego - San Francisco - Singapore - Sydney - Tokyo
ELSEVIER SClENCE Ltd
The Boulevard, Langford Lane
Kidlington, Oxford OX5 IGB, UK
8 2003 Dr. Yong Bai. All rights reserved
This work is protected under copyright of Dr. Yong Bai with assigned rights to Elsevier Science. The following
terms and conditions apply to its use:
Photocopying
Single photocopies of single chapters may be made for personal use as allowed by national copMght laws.
Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or
systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery.
Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational
classroom use.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK
phone: [phone], fax: [phone], e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete
your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http:Nwww.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer
Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.
In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, phone: (+I) (978) 7508400, fax: (+I) (978) 7504744, and in the UK
through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London
W1P OLP, UK, phone: [phone]; fax: [phone]. Other countries may have a local
reprographic rights agency for payments.
Derivative Works
Tables of contents may be reproduced for internal circulation, but permission of Elsevier Science is required for
external resale or distribution of such material.
Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations.
Electronic Storage or Usage
Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this work, including
any chapter or part of a chapter.
Except as outlined above, no part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electmnic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission of the Publisher.
Address permissions requests to: Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department, at the phone, fax and e-
mail addresses noted above.
Notice
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or
ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular,
independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.
First edition 2003
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record from the Library of Congress has been applied for.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Bai, Yong
Marine Structural Design
-
1. Offshore structures Design and construction 2. Marine
engineering
1. Title
627.9’8
ISBN: 0-08-043921-7
8 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSVNISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).
Printed in Hungary.
PREFACE
This book is written for marine structural engineers and naval architects, as well as mechanical
engineers and civil engineers who work on struch~rald esign. The preparation of the book is
motivated by extensive use of the finite element analysis and dynamidfatigue analysis, fast paced
advances in computer and information technology, and application of risk and reliability methods.
As the professor of offshore structures at Stavanger University College, I developed this book for my
teaching course TE 6076 “Offshore Structures” and TE6541 “Risk and Reliability Analysis of
Offshore Structures” for M.Sc and Ph.D. students. This book has also been used in IBC/Clarion
industry training courses on design and construction of floating production systems for engineers in
the oil/@ industry.
As reliability-based limit-state design becomes popular in structural engineering, this book may also
be a reference for structural engineers in other disciplines, such as buildings, bridges and spacecraft.
My former supervisors should be thanked for their guidance and inspiration. These include:
Executive Vice President Dr. Donald Liu at American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Professor Torgeir
Moan at Norwegian University of Science and Technology 0P,rofessor Ro bert Bea and
Professor Alaa Mansour at University of California at Berkeley, Prof. Preben Terndrup Pedersen at
Technical University of Denmark, Professor T. Yao at Osaka University and Professor M. Fujikubo
at Hiroshima University. The friendship and technical advice from these great scientists and
engineers have been very important for me to develop materials used in this book.
As manager of advanced engineering department at JP Kenny Norway office (now a section of ABB)
and manager of offshore technology department at the American Bureau of Shipping, I was given
opportunities to meet many industry leaders in oil companies, desigdconsulting offices,
classification societies and contractors. From ISSC, IBC, S N M , OMAE, ISOPE and OTC
conferences and industry (ISO/APYDeepstar) committees, I leamed about the recent developments
in industry applications and research.
The collaboration with Dr. Ruin Song and Dr. Tao Xu for a long period of time has been helpful to
develop research activities on structural reliability and fatigue respectively. Sections of this book
relating to extreme response, buckling of tubular members, FPSO hull girder strength and reliability
were based on my SNAME, 0- and ISOPE papers co-authored with Professors Preben Temdrup
Pedersen and T. Yao and Drs. Yung Shin, C.T. Zhao and H.H. Sun.
Dr. Qiang Bai and Ph.D. student Gang Dong provided assistance to format the manuscript.
Professor Rameswar Bhattacharyya, Elsevier’s Publishing Editor James Sullivan and Publisher Nick
Pinfield and Senior Vice President James Card of ABS provided me continued encouragement in
completing this book.
I appreciate my wife Hua Peng and children, Lihua and Carl, for creating an environment in which it
has been possible to continue to write this book for more than 5 years in different culture and
working environments.
I wish to thank all of the organizations and individuals mentioned in the above (and many friends
and authors who were not mentioned) for their support and encouragement.
Yong BAI
Houston, USA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface. ............................................................................................................................................... v
Part I: Structural Design Principles
.........................................................................................................
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 Structural Design Principles ........................................................................................................ 3
1.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2 Limit-State Design ............................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Strength and Fatigue Analysis. .................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Ultimate Strength Criteria .................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 Design for Accidental Loads ................................................................................................ 7
1.2.3 Design for Fatigue ................................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Structural Reliability Applications. ........................................................................................... 10
1.3.1 Structural Reliability Concepts .......................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 Reliability-Based Calibration of Design Factor ................................................................. 12
1.3.3 Requalification of Existing Structures. ............................................................................. 12
1.4 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 13
1.4.1 Application of Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 13
1.4.2 Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) ............................................................................................. 13
1.4.3 Human and Organization Factors. ...................................................................................... 14
1.5 Layout of This Book .................................................................................................................. 14
1.6 How to Use This Book .............................................................................................................. 16
1.7 References ................................................................................................................................. 16
..........................
CHAPTER 2 WAVE LOADS FOR SHIP DESIGN AND CLASSIFICATION 19
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Ocean Waves and Wave Statistics. ............................................................................................ 19
2.2.1 Basic Elements of Probability and Random Process. ......................................................... 19
2.2.2 Statistical Representation of the Sea Surface. .................................................................... 21
2.2.3 Ocean Wave Spectra .......................................................................................................... 22
2.2.4 Moments of Spectral Density Function. ............................................................................. 24
2.2.5 Statistical Determination of Wave Heights and Periods .................................................... 26
2.3 Ship Response to a Random Sea ............................................................................................... 26
2.3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.3.2 Wave-Induced Forces. ........................................................................................................ 28
2.3.3 Structural Response. ........................................................................................................... 29
2.3.4 Slamming and Green Water on Deck ................................................................................. 30
2.4 Ship Design for Classification ................................................................................................... 32
2.4.1 Design Value of Ship Response ......................................................................................... 32
2.4.2 Design Loads per Classification Rules. .............................................................................. 33
2.5 References ................................................................................................................................. 35
........
CHAPTER 3 LOADS AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 39
3.1 General. ...................................................................................................................................... 39