Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living PDF
Preview Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
MARINE MAMMAL PHYSIOLOGY Requisites for Ocean Living CRC MARINE BIOLOGY SERIES The late Peter L. Lutz, Founding Editor David H. Evans and Stephen Bortone, Series Editors PUBLISHED TITLES Biology of Marine Birds E.A. Schreiber and Joanna Burger Biology of the Spotted Seatrout Stephen A. Bortone Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic William J. Richards Biology of the Southern Ocean, Second Edition George A. Knox Biology of the Three-Spined Stickleback Sara Östlund-Nilsson, Ian Mayer, and Felicity Anne Huntingford Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries Jerald S. Ault Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture: Marine and Freshwater Species Elsa Cabrita, Vanesa Robles, and Paz Herráez Sharks and Their Relatives II: Biodiversity, Adaptive Physiology, and Conservation Jeffrey C. Carrier, John A. Musick, and Michael R. Heithaus Artificial Reefs in Fisheries Management Stephen A. Bortone, Frederico Pereira Brandini, Gianna Fabi, and Shinya Otake Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, Second Edition Jeffrey C. Carrier, John A. Musick, and Michael R. Heithaus The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume III Jeanette Wyneken, Kenneth J. Lohmann, and John A. Musick The Physiology of Fishes, Fourth Edition David H. Evans, James B. Claiborne, and Suzanne Currie Interrelationships Between Coral Reefs and Fisheries Stephen A. Bortone Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America J. Brian Alford, PhD, Mark S. Peterson, and Christopher C. Green Hagfish Biology Susan L. Edwards and Gregory G. Goss Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living Michael A. Castellini and Jo-Ann Mellish MARINE MAMMAL PHYSIOLOGY Requisites for Ocean Living EDITED BY MICHAEL A. CASTELLINI Graduate School, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA JO-ANN MELLISH North Pacific Research Board, Anchorage, Alaska, USA Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20151008 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-4269-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Dedication This book is dedicated to our teachers and colleagues, both past and present, who forged new and exciting areas in marine mammal physiology and biochemistry. There are some giants in this field who have left us, but who we still refer to almost daily in our work: Laurence Irving and Per Scholander started the modern work on the physiology of diving in the 1930s. It is hard to imagine our field without their historical and groundbreaking work. Dr. Knut Schmidt-Nielsen really did “write the book” on comparative physiology, Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment (Cambridge University Press, 1975), that was the core from which many of us were both taught and that we used in our own classes as teachers. Of course, Irving, Scholander, and Schmidt-Neilsen knew each other and worked together. Dr. Ted Hammel broke ground on the modern aspects of thermoregulation in mammals, including the marine species. In keeping with the pattern, he also knew and worked with Irving, Scholander, and Schmidt-Nielsen. Where would we be on the complexity of diving biochemistry without Dr. Peter Hochachka? His ability to perceive and understand biochemical pathways and to explore the new world of comparative biochemical adaptation to the environment was second to none. By now, you can probably guess that he also knew all of the scientists we have already mentioned. The fascinating world of the neural control of the “diving reflex” was explored by Dr. David Jones in a multitude of species, from rabbits to whales, to ducks. He and Peter Hochachka were great friends, in the same Zoology Department at the University of British Columbia. Carl Hubbs, from Scripps, who identified many species of marine mammals, was a contemporary with Irving and Scholander; Ken Norris taught many of us about the ecological physiology of marine mammals, “virtually created the field of cetology,” and received his doctorate from Scripps as Hubbs’s PhD student. All of these mentors have left us, but their impact to the field of marine mammal physiology and biochemistry is fundamental. Many of their works are referenced in these chapters. Of our current colleagues, Dr. Bob Elsner is certainly the grandfather of them all. A world-known diving physiologist, he studied with Irving, Scholander, Schmidt-Neilsen, and most of the others. Dr. Elsner is over 90 years old and just as we were writing this dedication, he provided us with a copy of his newly published book on diving physiology entitled Diving Seals and Meditating Yogis (University of Chicago Press, 2015). Dr. Elsner inspired Dr. Gerry Kooyman, also from Scripps, who broke open the field of modern diving recorders and has been recognized around the world for his leadership in diving physiology and Antarctic expeditions. A simple “Google” search on Kooyman and Diving will result in an astounding number of “hits.” Dr. Kooyman defined the “aerobic diving limit,” which you will read about in this book. Dr. Pat Butler is probably the world’s expert on the comparative neural control of diving and has written a number of reviews on diving physiology. He and Dr. Jones were long-standing friends and colleagues. Dr. George Somero continues to be at the forefront of “comparative biochemistry” and he and Peter Hochachka were the closest of friends. They published the groundbreaking book Strategies of Biochemical Adaptation (W.B. Saunders Company, 1973) that many of us use in teaching. Their research on high-pressure biochemistry forms the core of much of that work in marine mammals. Needless to say, Elsner, Kooyman, Butler, and Somero are all friends and have worked together for years. Many studied under those noted above and they, in turn, formed many of the author committees, chairs, and thesis projects in a large academic family tree, with many interweaving branches. What was once a small group of researchers has grown into an international field of thousands. The editors thank in particular those founding members of their marine mammal careers, Gerry Kooyman, George Somero, and Peter Hochachka (Castellini), and Sara Iverson (Mellish). This work is also dedicated to our many current colleagues and students who have shared years of laboratory, classroom, and field time working with marine mammals around the world. From exciting to dangerous, the long nights observing animals, to shared time in camps, on boats, sea ice, and beaches, working with marine mammals is certainly a group effort. Finally, to our own families and children for their endless supply of support and willingness to tolerate long times without us, to read manuscripts, and listen to our tales of field debacles and near misses, animal antics, and scientific mysteries, we thank you. We could not do this without you. Michael A. Castellini Fairbanks, Alaska Jo-Ann Mellish Anchorage, Alaska
The list of books you might like
