Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice: Different Pathways, Common Lessons PDF
Preview Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice: Different Pathways, Common Lessons
MARINE ECOSYSTEM-BASED D I F F E R E N T P A T H W A Y S MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE C O M M O N L E S S O N S Julia M. Wondolleck and Steven L. Yaffee Island Press’ mission is to provide the best ideas and information to those seeking to understand and protect the environment and create solutions to its complex problems. Join our newsletter to get the latest news on authors, events, and free book giveaways. Click here to join now! Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice Different Pathways, Common Lessons Julia M. Wondolleck and Steven L. Yaffee Washington | Covelo | London Copyright © 2017 Julia M. Wondolleck and Steven L. Yaffee All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036 Island Press is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961569 Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Keywords: Island Press, Albemarle–Pamlico, biodiversity, Channel Islands, coastal community resilience, coastal management, coastal protection, collaboration, collaborative planning, col- laborative problem solving, community-based resource management, conflict management, conservation partnerships, dispute resolution, ecological restoration, ecosystem-based man- agement, ecosystem management, ecosystems, environmental conflict resolution, fisheries management, Florida Keys, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, human dimensions of wildlife, integrated resource management, interagency cooperation, marine conservation, marine governance, marine protected areas, marine reserves, marine stewardship, Narragansett Bay, national estuary programs, national marine sanctuaries, natural resource management, natural resource planning, nearshore resource management, network organizations, ocean management, ocean policy, Port Orford, POORT, Puget Sound, regional planning, San Juan Marine Resources Committee, science-based management, transnational collaboration, Wadden Sea Trilateral Cooperation. contents List of Illustrations x Preface xi Chapter 1: Drawing Lessons from Experience in Marine Ecosystem- Based Management 1 Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice 3 Different Paths but Common Lessons 5 Five Types of Marine Ecosystem-Based Management Initiatives 6 Bricks and Mortar 9 Navigating the Book 9 Chapter 2: Navigating International Boundaries in the Gulf of Maine and Puget Sound Georgia Basin 13 The Gulf of Maine and the Puget Sound Georgia Basin 14 Getting Started: Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Origins 16 Bridging a Single Ecosystem but Two Distinct Institutional Contexts 19 Surviving the Transition from Initiation to Institutionalization 27 Conclusion 40 Chapter 3: Mobilizing a Multistate Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico 43 Sarah McKearnan and Steven Yaffee The Environmental Protection Agency’s Gulf of Mexico Program Initiates Cross-State Collaboration 45 Impetus for the Gulf of Mexico Alliance 46 First Step: Establishing Goals and Prioritizing Issues 51 Developing an Organizational Structure to Sustain Collaboration 52 A Targeted and Practical Approach 57 An Adaptive and Accountable Approach 60 viii Contents An Early Focus on Developing Information, Tools, and Networks 62 Political Will 65 Navigating Tricky State-State and State-Federal Waters 67 A Process That Created Trust and Cooperation 72 Conclusion 73 Chapter 4: Balancing Top-Down Authority with Bottom-Up Engagement in the Florida Keys and Channel Islands 75 Biologically Diverse Places Facing Multiple Stresses and Threats 76 The Tipping Point for Action 79 Dealing with Jurisdictional Complexity through Partnerships and Co-management 83 Navigating Conflict and Informing Management through Stakeholder Engagement 87 Balancing Top-Down Authority with Effective Bottom-Up Process 91 Conclusion 98 Chapter 5: Motivating Engagement in Voluntary Programs in Narragansett Bay and the Albemarle–Pamlico Estuary 99 The Albemarle–Pamlico and Narragansett Bay National Estuary Programs 100 Creating Management Plans That Prompt Action: The Goldilocks Dilemma 103 Gaining Traction 109 Developing Management-Relevant Science That Enables Priority Setting 114 Dealing with Disinterest, Opposition, and Turf 117 Organizational Dilemmas: Identity, Location, and Capacity 122 Conclusion 128 Chapter 6: Influencing Management from the Bottom Up in Port Orford, Oregon, and San Juan County, Washington 131 The Port Orford and San Juan County Community-Based Initiatives 131 Informal Beginnings Rooted in Place and Entrepreneurial Individuals 136 Establishing Legitimacy: Two Contrasting Paths 137 Ensuring Credibility: Science-Based Stewardship and Extensive Outreach 140 Creating Influence through Mutually Beneficial Partnerships 146 Conclusion 151 Contents ix Chapter 7: Bricks: Tangible Elements That Support & Guide Marine Ecosystem-Based Management 153 Constructing the Missing Table 153 Delineating an Initiative’s Niche: Authorities, Purpose, and Scope 155 The Governance Infrastructure of Marine Ecosystem-Based Management Initiatives 157 Codified Roles and Responsibilities 175 Conclusion 183 Chapter 8: Mortar: Intangible Factors That Propel & Sustain Marine Ecosystem-Based Management 187 People: Their Motivations and Relationships 189 Sense of Place and Purpose 194 An Effective and Rewarding Process 196 Sustained Commitment and Leadership at All Levels 205 Conclusion 207 Chapter 9: Implications for Policy and Practice 209 Overall Observations 209 Advice for Practitioners and Agencies 218 Advice for Funders 223 Advice for Policy Makers 227 Moving the Dials to Advance Ecosystem-Based Management in Specific Places 231 Notes 235 About the Authors 255 Index 257
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