marine and fresh-water harmful algae

292 Pages·2015·13.91 MB·English

by  Lincoln Mackenzie

MARINE AND
FRESH-WATER
HARMFUL ALGAE
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON HARMFUL ALGAE
27 – 31 October 2014 • Wellington, New Zealand
Editor: A. Lincoln MacKenzie

MARINE AND FRESH-WATER
HARMFUL ALGAE

TH
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16 INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON HARMFUL ALGAE
27-31 October 2014  Wellington, New Zealand

EDITOR
A. Lincoln MacKenzie

Published by: Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand (www.cawthron.org.nz) and the International
Society for the Study of Harmful Algae (www.issha.org)
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For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows:
A. Lincoln MacKenzie [Ed]. Marine and Freshwater Harmful Algae. Proceedings of the 16th
International Conference on Harmful Algae, Wellington, New Zealand 27th-31st October 2014.
Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand and International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae
(ISSHA)
ISBN 978-87-990827-5-9
Available from:
http://www.cawthron.org.nz/publications/ICHA16-Proceedings.pdf
http://www.issha.org/Welcome-to-ISSHA/Conferences/ICHA-conference-proceedings/ICHA16-
Proceedings.pdf

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Conference Organisation

Local Organising Committee
Lincoln MacKenzie - Chair (Cawthron Paul McNabb (Cawthron Institute)
Institute) Rex Munday (Ag-Research Ltd.)
Hoe Chang (NIWA) Wendy Nelson (NIWA)
Gustaaf Hallegraeff (University of Tasmania) Lesley Rhodes (Cawthron Institute)
David Hamilton (University of Waikato) Brian Roughan (NZ Ministry for Primary
Tim Harwood (Cawthron Institute) Industries)
Michelle Jones (Cawthron Institute) Kirsty Smith (Cawthron Institute)
Islay Marsden (University of Canterbury) Susie Wood (Cawthron Institute)
Robert Matheson (Cawthron Institute)

International Advisory Committee
Donald Anderson, USA Richard Lewis, Australia
Rhodora Azanza, Philippines Chris Miles, Norway
Mireille Chinain, Tahiti Øjvind Moestrup, Demark
Henrik Enevoldsen, Denmark Shauna Murray, Australia
Yasuwo Fukuyo, Japan Myung Gil Park, Korea
Esther Garcés, Spain Luis Proença, Brazil
Leonardo Guzman, Chile Robin Raine, Ireland
Philipp Hess, France Beatriz Reguera, Spain
Kin-Chung Ho, China Suzanne Roy, Canada
Ichiro Imai, Japan Sandra Shumway, USA
Ian Jenkinson, China Toshiyuki Suzuki, Japan
Uwe John, Germany Patricia Tester, USA
Hak Gyoon Kim, Korea Gires Usup, Malaysia
Jane Lewis, England Ming-Jiang Zhou, China

Reviewers

Hoe Chang (NIWA) Lesley Rhodes (Cawthron Institute)
Gustaaf Hallegraeff, (University of Tasmania) Andy Selwood (Cawthron Institute)
Tim Harwood (Cawthron Institute) Kirsty Smith (Cawthron Institute)
Lincoln MacKenzie (Cawthron Institute) Susie Wood (Cawthron Institute)
Islay Marsden (University of Canterbury)
Paul McNabb (Cawthron Institute)
Rex Munday (Ag-Research Ltd.)
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Preface
The 16th International conference on Harmful Algae was held at the Michael Fowler Centre in Wellington,
New Zealand, over 5 days between the 27th and 31st October 2014. The conference was hosted by the
Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand‘s largest independent environmental science research organisation.
The theme of the conference was Advancement Through Shared Science in recognition of the
multidisciplinary nature of the field and the important role international collaboration has played in
understanding HAB phenomena and managing and mitigating their effects. The conference was opened by
Mr Scott Gallacher, the Deputy Director General of the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries and
Professor Charles Eason, Chief executive of the Cawthron Institute.
The conference was attended by 385 delegates from 34 countries. There were 196 oral presentations, each of
15 minutes duration with 5 minutes question time, and 150 poster presentations. The conference had good
representation from both the Freshwater and Marine sectors of the HAB research field. Because of the large
number of talks it was necessary to have three parallel sessions throughout the conference. However the
venues were in close proximity to each other and timely exchanges between them went well due largely to
the accurate time keeping by the session chairs, to whom the organisers were most grateful. In an innovation
for this conference series, there were two additional sessions (total of 19 papers) of 5 minute speed talks in
which the presenters gave a series of succinct, well prepared and interesting talks on a range of topics.

The oral presentations were divided into the following sessions:
• Taxonomy, systematics and genomics • Toxicology
• HAB life cycles • Health effects of HABs
• HABs in a changing world • Surveillance and management
• Freshwater HAB Biology and Ecology • Ciguatera
• Economic effects of HABs • HAB technologies
• HAB molecular taxonomy and ecology • HAB Ecology and physiology
• HAB transcriptomics • HABs and Bivalves
• HAB parasites • Freshwater benthic HABs
• HAB dynamics and modelling • Dinoflagellate cysts
• Heterotrophy and mixotrophy • Ostreopsis
• Algal toxins • Ichthyotoxic HABs
• HAB mitigation

On the first and last day there were Keynote addresses by Professors Øjvind Moestrup (University of
Copenhagen) and Hans Paerl (UNC-Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences). Professor Moestrup
discussed the species concept and current issues in the area of naming and identification of harmful algae,
brought about through the use of molecular methods that do not always coincide with traditional
classifications based on morphological characteristics. Professor Paerl discussed how CyanoHABs are
regulated by nutrients (both N & P), light, temperature, stratification, water residence time and biotic
interactions. His main thesis was that future rising temperatures and greater hydrologic variability will
exacerbate problems with CyanoHABs and nutrient controls may need to be more aggressively pursued in
response to global climate change. The seven Plenary speakers provided extended talks that introduced each
major topic area.
These proceedings contain 9 papers by all the Keynote and Plenary speakers and 54 papers from other
contributors organised into seven chapters covering broad topic areas (Algal Toxins and Toxicology,
Freshwater HAB Biology and Ecology, Marine HAB Biology and Ecology, Ciguatera, HAB Technologies,
HAB Transcriptomics, Surveillance and Management). Thanks are due to the referees who peer reviewed
submitted manuscripts within their area of expertise.
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A key component of the success of the conference was the unflappable professionalism of the conference
organisers from Conferences and Events. Special thanks are due to Michelle, Kane, Amy Abel and Francie
Gaiger who dealt with the nuts and bolts of registration and abstract submissions. They fielded many
enquiries from attendees and ensured that the handbook and abstracts were well presented, that the
conference ran smoothly and delegates were well fed and watered. Thanks also to our sponsors who enabled
us able to provide a good standard of hospitality to the delegates.
The organising committee are grateful to our colleagues who made the long trip to New Zealand to attend the
conference and contributed the large number of excellent presentations that made it so worthwhile and
successful.
Hei konā mai i roto i ngā mihi
(Goodbye and thank you)
A. Lincoln MacKenzie (PhD) Convener

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Table of Contents
Keynote and Plenary presentations
Key Note 1
On identification of harmful algae and the species concepts
Øjvind Moestrup.....................................................................................................................................14
Key Note 2
Managing Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms in a World Experiencing Anthropogenic and Climatically-
mediated Change
Hans W. Paerl .........................................................................................................................................19
Plenary sessions
Plenary 1
A review on improving prediction of cyanobacterial blooms using Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii as a
case study
Michelle Burford ....................................................................................................................................26
Plenary 2
Can evolutionary ecology help us to design better biotoxin detection tools? The case of Alexandrium
Shauna A. Murray, Russell J. S. Orr and Uwe John...............................................................................30

Plenary 3
Preparation of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs) and Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) by Large
Algal Culture and Chemical Conversion
Toshiyuki Suzuki, Ryuichi Watanabe, Atsushi Yoshino, Hiroshi Oikawa, Hajime Uchida, Ryoji
Matsushima, Satoshi Nagai, Takashi Kamiyama, Taichi Yamazaki, Migaku Kawaguchi, Takashi
Yarita and Akiko Takatsu .......................................................................................................................34

Plenary 4
Risk assessment of seafood toxins
Rex Munday .......................................................................................................................................... 40
Plenary 5
Biogeography and toxicity of Gambierdiscus species
Patricia Tester .........................................................................................................................................44
Plenary 6
Ten years of Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand
Cathy Kilroy ...........................................................................................................................................49
Plenary 7
Researchers as partners to the seafood industry and risk managers in developing appropriate risk
management of harmful algal blooms
Alison Turnbull ......................................................................................................................................55

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Algal Toxins and Toxicology
Novel toxins from the New Zealand red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevisulcata
Masayuki Satake, Yuka Hamamoto, Rina Suzuki, Raku Irie, Patrick T. Holland, D. Tim Harwood,
Paul McNabb, Feng Shi and Veronica Beuzenberg ...............................................................................62
Development of two novel UPLC-MS/MS methods for the analysis of maitotoxin from micro-algal
cultures
Andrew Selwood, Lesley Rhodes, Kirsty Smith, D. Tim Harwood .......................................................66
Ostreopsis cf. ovata from the Mediterranean Sea. Variability in toxin profiles and structural
elucidation of unknowns through LC-HRMSn
Carmela Dell'Aversano, Luciana Tartaglione, Emma Dello Iacovo, Martino Forino, Silvia
Casabianca, Antonella Penna and Patrizia Ciminiello ...........................................................................70
The regulation of toxicity in laboratory cultures of Heterosigma akashiwo from Puget Sound
Washington
Christopher E. Ikeda, William P. Cochlan, Cayla M. Bronicheski, Julia R. Matheson, Vera L.
Trainer and Charles G. Trick ..................................................................................................................74
The effects of acidity and nutrient stress on the toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo
Julia R. Matheson, Christopher E. Ikeda, Charles G. Trick and William P. Cochlan ............................78
Characterizing toxic activity from Heterosigma akashiwo: a tale of two assays
Vera L. Trainer , Leslie Moore, Bich-Thuy L. Eberhar, Brian D. Bill, William P. Cochlan,
Christopher Ikeda, Mark L. Wells, John Incardona, Tiffany Linbo, Christopher O. Miles and
Charles G. Trick .....................................................................................................................................82
The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is a potential source of the emerging toxin, Pinnatoxin-G, in cold
waters
Pablo de la Iglesia, Vanessa del Río and Jorge Diogène ........................................................................86
Pinnatoxin A affects both chick embryo spontaneous movements and skeletal bone development
Aurélie Couesnon, Armen Zakarian, Jordi Molgó and Sophie Creuzet ................................................90
Harmful algal blooms affect early-life stages of Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii
Leila Basti, Satoshi Nagai, Kiyohito Nagai, Jiyoji Go, Sho Okano, Ryuichi Watanabe, Toshiyuki
Suzuki and Yuji Tanaka .........................................................................................................................94
Discovery of enzymes related to marine polyether biosynthesis in dinoflagellate extracts
Masayuki Satake, Daisuke Naganuma, Yuki Takimoto, Takahisa Genji, D. Tim Harwood, Paul S.
McNabb, Lesley L. Rhodes and Jeffrey L.C. Wright .............................................................................98
A noncryptic noncanonical multi-module PKS/NRPS found in dinoflagellates
Tsvetan R. Bachvaroff, Ernest Williams, Rosemary Jagus and Allen R. Place ...................................101
Mortality and pathology of Japanese scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, and noble
scallop, Mimachlamys nobilis, fed monoclonal culture of PTX-producer, Dinophysis caudata
Leila Basti, Hajime Uchida, Makoto Kanamori, Ryoji Matsushima, Toshiyuki Suzuki and Satoshi
Nagai ....................................................................................................................................................105
Developmental inhibition of zebrafish and sea urchin embryos by toxin producing Ostreopsis and
Gambierdiscus isolates
Phoebe A. Argyle, Tim Harwood, Lesley L. Rhodes, Olivier Champeau, Mary Sewell and Louis A.
Tremblay ..............................................................................................................................................109
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