Mapping Mass Mobilization: Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine PDF
Preview Mapping Mass Mobilization: Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine
Mapping Mass Mobilization Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine Olga Onuch Mapping Mass Mobilization This page intentionally left blank Mapping Mass Mobilization Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine Olga Onuch SeniorLecturer,UniversityofManchester,UK ©OlgaOnuch2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-40976-8 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-48877-3 ISBN 978-1-137-40977-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137409775 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Onuch,Olga,1982– Mappingmassmobilization:understandingrevolutionarymomentsinArgentina andUkraine/OlgaOnuch. pages cm Summary:“Momentsofmassmobilizationastoundus.Asaseaofprotestersfills thestreets,observersscrambletounderstandthisextraordinarypoliticalact by‘ordinary’citizens.Thisstudypresentsapairedcomparisonoftwo‘moments’ ofmassmobilization,inUkraineandArgentina.Thetwocasesarecompared andanalyzedonacross-temporalandaninter-regionalbasis,thereby offeringtwocriticalcasesinresponsetoassumptionsthattheprocesses andpatternsofmobilization,anddemocratizationpoliticsmore broadly,areregionspecific.Thisstudychallengespoliticalscience’s focusonelitesandstructuralfactorsinthestudyofpoliticalparticipationduring democratization”—Providedbypublisher. 1. Socialmovements—Argentina—History. 2. Socialmovements—Ukraine— History. 3. Protestmovements—Argentina—History. 4. Protestmovements— Ukraine—History. 5. Politicalparticipation—Argentina. 6. Political participation—Ukraine. 7. Democratization—Argentina. 8. Democratization— Ukraine. 9. Argentina—Politicsandgovernment—1983– 10. Ukraine— Politicsandgovernment—1991– I. Title. HN263.5.O682014 303.48(cid:2)409477—dc23 2014025005 To Mirka and Jerzy Onuch From ‘bileciki-bileciki’ to DPhil and beyond, no one has given better advice or fostered my intellectual curiosity and creativity more than you. For your unconditional support and faith, I will be eternally grateful. This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures,Tables,andMaps ix Acknowledgements xi AbouttheAuthor xiii ListofAbbreviations xiv Maps xvi Part I 1 Introduction:TheShockandAweofMomentsofMass Mobilization 3 2 TheoreticalFrameworkforComparativeAnalysisofMass Mobilization 27 Part II 3 MappingMomentsandMovementsinUkraineandEastern Europe1920–2004 55 4 MappingMomentsandMovementsinArgentinaandLatin America1920–2001 82 Part III 5 SettingPrecedents:Medium-termStructuralFactorsinthe MobilizationProcess 109 6 ContextIsOnlyPartofthePuzzle:Short-termStructuralFactors intheMassMobilizationProcess 129 Part IV 7 TheActivistandEliteInteractionandInformationExchange Game 157 8 TheDutytoProtest:Participationof‘Ordinary’PeopleinMass Mobilization 183 9 Conclusions:UnderstandingRevolutionaryMomentsand Movements 212 vii viii Contents Epilogue:ItHappenedAgain–The2014EuroMaidanMass MobilizationinUkraine 237 Appendices 246 Notes 305 References 311 Index 328 Figures, Tables, and Maps Figures 1.1 Mosttypicalanalysesof19/20massmobilization 7 1.2 MosttypicalanalysesoftheOrangeRevolution 12 1.3 Intervieweedistribution 17 2.1 Keyactorsinthemassmobilizationprocess 37 2.2 Activists/SMOsaskeyactorsinthemassmobilizationprocess 39 2.3 Politico-economiceliteasakeyactorinmassmobilization 41 2.4 ‘Ordinary’citizensaskeyactorsinmassmobilization 43 2.5 Interlocutorsandfacilitatorsinmassmobilization 45 2.6 Actoroverlapandinteractionduringmassmobilization 47 3.1 ThehistoricaltrajectoryofmobilizationinUkraineand Argentina 56 3.2 NetworkconnectivityinUkraine,1920–1955 60 3.3 NetworkconnectivityinUkraine,1920–1979 69 3.4 NetworkconnectivityinUkraine,1920–1991 73 3.5 NetworkconnectivityinUkraine,1920–2004 81 4.1 NetworkconnectivityinArgentina,1920–1955 87 4.2 NetworkconnectivityinArgentina,1920–1980 93 4.3 NetworkconnectivityinArgentina,1920–1990 98 4.4 NetworkconnectivityinArgentina,1920–2001 103 6.1 Simpleversuscomplexcausalityinprocesstracing 131 6.2 Politico-economicsatisfactionArgentina(1996–2008) 133 6.3 Riseinunemployment,1990–2003 133 6.4 SatisfactionwiththeeconomyinUkraine 134 6.5 SatisfactionwithpoliticsinUkraine 134 6.6 SupportfortheGovernmentofUkraine,2000–2009 135 6.7 Economicsatisfactionincomparativeperspective 136 6.8 PovertyinArgentina,2001–2009 137 6.9 InformalityinArgentina,1998–2003 137 8.1 ApprovalratingsforPresidentsdelaRúaandKuchma 187 8.2 Perceivedcausesofprotest 197 8.3 Descriptionofprotests,Ukraine 199 8.4 Descriptionofprotests,Argentina 200 8.5 Participationinprotests 203 8.6 Mediasourcesforprotestinformation 207 ix
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