Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC's Dream for a New America PDF
Preview Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC's Dream for a New America
MANY MINDS ONE HEART This page intentionally left blank Many MinDs one heart SNCC’s Dream for a New America wesley c. hogan Th e University of North Carolina Press | Chapel Hill © 2007 Th e University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Designed by April Leidig-Higgins Set in Minion by Copperline Book Services, Inc. Th e paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Th is book was published with the assistance of the Z. Smith Reynolds Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. Chapter 5 was originally printed in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (July 2002); reprinted with permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hogan, Wesley C. Many minds, one heart: SNCC’s dream for a new America / Wesley C. Hogan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8078-3074-1 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.) — History. 2. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.) — Biography. 3. African American political activists — Biography. 4. African American civil rights workers — Biography. 5. Oral history. 6. African Americans — Civil rights — History — 20th century. 7. Civil rights movements — United States — History — 20th century. 8. United States — Race relations — History — 20th century. 9. Southern States — Race relations — History — 20th century. 10. Social movements — United States — History — 20th century. I. Title. e185.61.h693 2007 323.1196'073 — dc22 2006029922 11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 To Corbett This page intentionally left blank Contents Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 Part One. A Movement Education 1 Th e Nonviolent Anvil 13 2 Come Get My Mattress and I’ll Keep My Soul: Freedom Riding 45 3 Th e Inner Life of Recruiting 56 Part Two. How Democracy Travels 4 Bridges to the North 95 5 Testing the Southern Blueprint 117 6 SNCC Teaches SDS How to Act 133 Part Three. Delta Civics: Fashioning a New America 7 Th e Core Struggle 143 8 Th e High Summer of Transformation 155 Part Four. Movement Ecology 9 Contact with Power: Atlantic City 185 10 Desperate Initiatives: Waveland 197 11 Vertigo 219 12 Not Quite Th ere: Th e Search for Enduring Ground 226 Conclusion: Freedom as an Inside Job 235 Aft erword: Beyond Sacred Ground 256 Appendix A We’ll Never Turn Back: Freedom Songs 259 Appendix B Affi davit s261 Appendix C Th e Other Sacred Ground 264 Appendix D Incidents of Violence against Voter Registration Activities in Mississippi, 1964 268 Appendix E James Forman’s Speech at Waveland, November 1964 273 Appendix F Suggested Structures for SNCC, November 1964 277 Appendix G Structure Debate at Waveland 283 Appendix H SNCC as the Borning Struggle 284 Notes 295 Bibliography 395 Acknowledgments 435 Index 439 viii Contents Illustrations Charles McLaurin 2 James Lawson 16 First Baptist Church, Nashville 18 Paul LaPrad in Nashville sit-in 29 Young men in jail for sitting-in, Nashville 29 Flyer from the Nashville nonviolent movement 30 Nashville mayor Benjamin West, Reverend C. T. Vivian, and Diane Nash 34 Oli Fein and Richard James 119 Mimi Feingold and Charlotte Phillips 120 Carl Wittman 125 Staughton Lynd and John Lewis 159 Staughton Lynd running a workshop, Oxford, Ohio 161 Diagram of how the MFDP would set up a parallel political organization in Mississippi 180 Drawing of SNCC “structure” 214 Bob Moses’ vision of an organizer 248
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