Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy

564 Pages·2007·3.648 MB·English

by  Deborah Pavan-Langston

P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
MANUAL OF OCULAR
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY
SixthEdition
i
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
ii
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
MANUAL OF OCULAR
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY
Sixth Edition
Author/Editor
Deborah Pavan-Langston, MD, FACS
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Schepens Eye Research Institute
Boston, Massachusetts
iii
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August9,2007 11:44
AcquisitionsEditor:JonathanPine
ManagingEditor:JeanMcGough
ProjectManager:RosanneHallowell
ManufacturingManager:KathleenBrown
MarketingManager:LisaParry
DesignCoordinator:TerryMallon
CoverDesigner:BeckyBaxendell
ProductionServices:Aptara,Inc.
SixthEdition
(cid:2)c 2008byLippincottWilliams&Wilkins,aWoltersKluwerbusiness
530WalnutStreet
Philadelphia,PA19106
LWW.com
Fifthedition(cid:2)c 2002byLippincottWilliams&Wilkins.Fourthedition(cid:2)c 1995byLittle,Brown&
Company.Thirdedition(cid:2)c 1991byLittle,Brown&Company.Secondedition(cid:2)c 1985byLittle,
Brown&Company.Firstedition(cid:2)c 1980byLittle,BrownandCompany.
Allrightsreserved.Thisbookisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinany
formorbyanymeans,includingphotocopying,orutilizingbyanyinformationstorageandretrieval
systemwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner,exceptforbriefquotationsembodiedin
criticalarticlesandreviews.
PrintedintheUSA
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Langston,DeborahP.(DeborahPavan),1940–
Manualofoculardiagnosisandtherapy/author/editor,DeborahPavan-Langston.—6thed.
p.;cm.
Rev.ed.of:Manualofoculardiagnosisandtherapy/editor,DeborahPavan-Langston.5thed.c2002.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-7817-6512-1(pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Ophthalmology—Handbooks,manuals,etc. 2.Eye—Diseases—Handbooks,manuals,etc.
I.Manualofoculardiagnosisandtherapy. II.Title.
[DNLM:1.EyeDiseases—diagnosis—Outlines. 2.EyeDiseases—therapy—Outlines.
WW 18.2L285m2008]
RE48.9.M362008
617.7—dc22
2007028191
Carehasbeentakentoconfirmtheaccuracyoftheinformationpresentedandtodescribegenerally
acceptedpractices.However,theauthors,editors,andpublisherarenotresponsibleforerrorsor
omissionsorforanyconsequencesfromapplicationoftheinformationinthisbookandmakeno
warranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothecurrency,completeness,oraccuracyofthecontents
ofthepublication.Applicationofthisinformationinaparticularsituationremainstheprofessional
responsibilityofthepractitioner.
Theauthors,editors,andpublisherhaveexertedeveryefforttoensurethatdrugselectionand
dosagesetforthinthistextareinaccordancewithcurrentrecommendationsandpracticeatthetimeof
publication.However,inviewofongoingresearch,changesingovernmentregulations,andthe
constantflowofinformationrelatingtodrugtherapyanddrugreactions,thereaderisurgedtocheck
thepackageinsertforeachdrugforanychangeinindicationsanddosageandforaddedwarningsand
precautions.Thisisparticularlyimportantwhentherecommendedagentisaneworinfrequently
employeddrug.
SomedrugsandmedicaldevicespresentedinthispublicationhaveFoodandDrugAdministration
(FDA)clearanceforlimiteduseinrestrictedresearchsettings.Itistheresponsibilityofhealthcare
providerstoascertaintheFDAstatusofeachdrugordeviceplannedforuseintheirclinicalpractice.
Thepublishershavemadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersforborrowedmaterial.Ifthey
haveinadvertentlyoverlookedany,theywillbepleasedtomakethenecessaryarrangementsatthefirst
opportunity.
Topurchaseadditionalcopiesofthisbook,callourcustomerservicedepartmentat(800)
638-3030orfaxordersto(301)223-2320.Internationalcustomersshouldcall(301)223-2300.
VisitLippincottWilliams&WilkinsontheInternet:atLWW.com.LippincottWilliams&
Wilkinscustomerservicerepresentativesareavailablefrom8:30amto6:00pm,EST.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
iv
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
Tomydaughter,WyndhamReedLangston,
lightofmylifeandsourceofinfinitejoy
v
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
vi
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
CONTENTS
ContributingAuthors....................................................... ix
Preface...................................................................... xi
Acknowledgments........................................................ xiii
1 OcularExaminationTechniquesandDiagnosticTests.................... 1
PedramHamrahandDeborahPavan-Langston
2 BurnsandTrauma......................................................... 36
DeborahPavan-LangstonandPedramHamrah
3 EyelidsandLacrimalSystem............................................. 52
PeterA.D.Rubin
4 OrbitalDisorders.......................................................... 62
PeterA.D.Rubin
5 CorneaandExternalDisease............................................. 73
KathrynColbyandDeborahPavan-Langston
6 RefractiveSurgery....................................................... 139
DimitriT.Azar
7 TheCrystallineLensandCataract....................................... 152
DimitriT.AzarandJoseJ.delaCruzNapoli
8 RetinaandVitreous...................................................... 176
PeterReedPavan,AndrewBurrows,andDeborahPavan-Langston
9 UvealTract:Iris,CiliaryBody,andChoroid.............................. 206
DeborahPavan-Langston,AnatGalor,andVictorL.Perez
10 Glaucoma................................................................ 259
DeborahPavan-Langston,StaceyC.Brauner,andCynthiaL.Grosskreutz
11 PediatricOphthalmology................................................ 293
GenaHeidaryandMelanieKazlas
12 ExtraocularMuscles,Strabismus,andNystagmus...................... 337
DeborahPavan-LangstonandNathalieAzar
13 Neuro-ophthalmology:VisualFields,OpticNerve,andPupil........... 368
ShirleyH.Wray
14 RefractiveError,ClinicalOptics,andContactLenses.................. 398
JillE.BeyerandDeborahPavan-Langston
vii
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
viii Contents
15 OcularManifestationsofSystemicDisease............................. 428
DeborahPavan-Langston
16 OcularToxicityofSystemicDrugs....................................... 453
DeborahPavan-Langston
Appendices
A FormularyandCommonDosagesofTopicalandSystemicOphthalmic
Drugs..................................................................... 482
DeborahPavan-Langston
B SystemicAntimicrobialDrugsUsedinOcularInfections .............. 488
Index..................................................................... 497
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
DimitriT.Azar,MD KathrynColby,MD,PhD
ChairofOphthalmicResearch AssistantProfessor
ProfessorandHead DepartmentofOphthalmology
OphthalmologyandVisualSciences HarvardMedicalSchool
UniversityofIllinoisatChicago AttendingSurgeon,CorneaService
Chicago,Illinois MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary
DepartmentHead Director
OphthalmologyandVisualSciences JointClinicalResearchCenter
IllinoisEyeandEarInfirmary MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary
Chicago,Illinois andSchepensEyeResearchInstitute
Boston,Massachusetts
NathalieAzar,MD
JoseJ.delaCruzNapoli,MD
VisitingAssociateProfessorofClinical
AssistantProfessorofOphthalmology
Ophthalmology
DirectorofComprehensiveOphthalmology
DepartmentofOphthalmologyand
Services
VisualSciences
AttendingSurgeonofCornea,External
UniversityofIllinoisatChicago
DiseasesandRefractiveSurgery
Director,PediatricOphthalmologyand
Services
AdultStrabismus
UniversityofIllinoisEyeandEarInfirmary
DepartmentofOphthalmology
Chicago,Illinois
andVisualSciences
UniversityofIllinoisHospital
AnatGalor
Chicago,Illinois
UveitisFellow
WilmerEyeInstitute
JillBeyer,OD JohnsHopkinsUniversity
AdjunctProfessorofOptometry Baltimore,Maryland
TheNewEnglandCollegeofOptometry
Boston,Massachusetts CynthiaL.Grosskreutz,MD,PhD
Director AssistantProfessorofOphthalmology
ContactLensService Co-director
MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary GlaucomaService
Boston,Massachusetts AssociateSurgeon
MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary
StaceyC.Brauner,MD Boston,Massachusetts
AssistantinOphthalmology
GlaucomaConsultationService PedramHamrah
MassachusettsEye&EarInfirmary ClinicalFellow
HarvardMedicalSchool Ophthalmology
Boston,Massachusetts HarvardMedicalSchool
Boston,Massachusetts
AndrewBurrows,MD,PhD
Fellow GenaHeidary,MD,PhD
VitreoretinalSurgery ResidentinOphthalmology
Ophthalmology MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary
UniversityofSouthFlorida HarvardMedicalSchool
Tampa,Florida Boston,Massachusetts
ix
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO
GRBT234-FM GRBT234-Pav-Lang-v7.cls Printer:RRDonnelley August6,2007 11:36
x ContributingAuthors
MelanieKazlas,MD VictorL.Perez,MD
Instructor AssistantProfessorofOphthalmology
Ophthalmology UniversityofMiamiMillerSchool
HarvardMedicalSchool ofMedicine
Boston,Massachusetts BascomPalmerEyeInstitute
ActingDirector Miami,Florida
PediatricOphthalmology&Strabismus
MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary
PeterA.D.Rubin,MD
Boston,Massachusetts
AssociateProfessorofOphthalmology
HarvardMedicalSchool
PeterReedPavan,MD
AssociateSurgeon
ProfessorandChairman
Director
DepartmentofOphthalmology
EyePlasticsandOrbitalSurgery
UniversityofSouthFloridaCollege
MassachusettsEyeand
ofMedicine
EarInfirmary
Tampa,Florida
Boston,Massachusetts
DeborahPavan-Langston,MD,FACS
AssociateProfessorofOphthalmology ShirleyH.Wray,MD,PhD
HarvardMedicalSchool ProfessorofNeurology
Surgeon HarvardMedicalSchool
DirectorofClinicalVirology Director
MassachusettsEyeandEarInfirmary NeurovisualSciences
ClinicalResearchConsultant MassachusettsGeneral
SchepensEyeResearchInstitute Hospital
Boston,Massachusetts Boston,Massachusetts