MANUAL OF MOTORCYCLE SPORT - Motorcycling Australia

289 Pages·2013·5.25 MB·English

2013
MANUAL OF
MOTORCYCLE SPORT
Print Post A
pproved 349077/00134 Edition 1 2013
Motorcycling Australia
MOTORCYCLING
A U S T R A L I A
2013 Manual of
Motorcycle Sport
Published annually since 1928 Motorcycling Australia is
by Motorcycling Australia the Australian affiliate of
ABN 83 057 830 083 the Fèdèration Internationale
de Motocyclisme.
147 Montague Street
South Melbourne 3205
Victoria Australia
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
email: [email protected]
website: www.ma.org .au
This publication is available
electronically from: www.fim.ch
www.ma.org.au
ISSN 1833-2609
 2013. All material in this book is the copyright of Motorcycling Australia Ltd (MA) and may not be reproduced without prior written permission from the CEO.
enjoy the ride
INTRODUCTION enjoy the ride
INTRODUCTION TO THE 2013 EDITION
Welcome to the 2013 Motorcycling Australia (MA) Manual of Motorcycle Sport, a publication designed to as-
sist you in your riding throughout the upcoming calendar year.
While the information in the 2013 MoMs is correct at the time of printing, the dynamic nature of our sport
means that things can – and often do – change. We urge you to keep an eye on our website www.ma.org.au
and our regular e-Newsletters for information about any changes that may take place throughout the year. You
can also access the digital version of the MoMs at any time at www.ma.org.au/moms.
2012 produced another successful year for Australian motorcycle sport. Our Australian riders once again
performed impressively on the international stage, asserting their skill and stronghold across an array of
disciplines and leaving their mark on World Championship events.
Australia made its presence felt at the Junior Motocross World Championship in Bulgaria, with West Austral-
ian star Caleb Grothues delivering a dazzling series of performances to become the 65cc Junior World ahead
of New South Wales rider Riley Dukes. The pair joined teammates Mitchell Evans, Hunter Lawrence, Egan
Mastin and Joel Milesevic to place fourth overall in the final team standings.
The dynamic young Australian trio of Lawson Bopping, Luke Styke and Todd Waters wore the green-and-gold
uniform at the iconic Motocross of Nations in Belgium, laying down solid performances to finish their debut
appearance in a 10th place.
Our Australian teams recorded unprecedented results at the International Six Day Enduro in Germany. The
Senior Trophy Team of Toby Price, Chris Hollis, Matthew Phillips, Josh Strang, Glenn Kearney and Daniel Mil-
ner powered through injury and exhaustion to collect silver, with Price also earning an individual silver medal in
the Enduro 3 Class. The Women’s Team of Jessica Gardiner, Tanya Hearn and Tayla Jones dug deep to bring
home Australia’s second consecutive Women’s bronze, while the Junior Trophy Team of Lachlan Stanford,
Ben Burrell, Mitcham Harper and Luka Bussa finished just outside the podium placings in fourth.
Australia once again stood out on the Speedway scene, with New South Wales rider Chris Holder claiming
his maiden Speedway Grand Prix World Championship in a thrilling final contest. The victory represented a
changing in the Australian Speedway guard, with three-time World Championship retiring from the top level of
the sport at the same meet. Our Speedway teams also experienced significant success throughout the year,
taking silver in both the Speedway World Cup and Team Speedway Under 21 World Championship.
The year marked the end of a significant chapter in Australian Road Racing, with two-time MotoGP World
Champion Casey Stoner officially retiring from the sport at the end of the season. Despite battling an ankle
injury throughout his final championship, Stoner turned on that winning pace one last time to take out his
sixth and final home GP at Phillip Island in October. We now look forward to a new and energetic chapter in
road racing with Arthur Sissis and Jack Miller flying the flag in Moto3, Ant West in Moto2 and Bryan Staring
in MotoGP.
Back on home soil, our domestic competition calendar saw riders of all ages take on the full spectrum of
disciplines, with a host of champions etching their names in the record books and a generation of new riders
getting their wheels on the track.
Highlights included Chad Reed taking out the second round of the 2012 Australian Supercross Champion-
ship alongside the Australian MotoGP at Phillip Island, Daniel Milner winning the Australian 4 Day Enduro
in his home town of Warragul, and Meghan Rutledge claiming her second consecutive Australian Women’s
Motocross Championship.
Our Australian Championship series’ experienced another year of growth and development, with the continu-
ation of several key series and the revitalisation of the Australian Supercross Championship which wowed
audiences from Dubbo to Toowoomba.
4
2013 MANUAL OF MOTORCYCLE SPORT INTRODUCTION
The top three results in each of the 2012 Australian Championship classes can be found by turning the MA
Australian Championship pages, starting on page 23.
2012 also produced the fourth edition of the Honda Broadford Bike Bonanza, which enthralled a diverse crowd
of enthusiasts across the Easter long weekend. Planning is already well underway for the 2013 event, with all
profits going to MA’s Museum and Heritage Committee to preserve and maintain the history of Motorcycling
in Australia. For more information about the 2013 Honda Broadford Bike Bonanza please visit www.ma.org.
au/hbbb.
MA continued to support the development of our emerging young talent with a full program of High Perfor-
mance Rider camps delivered in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in Canberra. These
dedicated camps provided immersive training and tuition in world-class facilities for riders specialising in the
disciplines of Motocross, Off Road, Speedway, Road Race and Dirt Track.
MA also continued to foster the development of coaches, who play a vital role in the expansion of our sport,
conducting a Level 2 Motorcycle Sport Coaching Course at the AIS in April with another planned for early
2013.
Motorcycle sport involves a community of individuals who give their time generously behind the scenes at
all levels of participation and competition. MA would like to acknowledge and thank the thousands of riders,
families, support crews, officials, coaches, clubs, State Controlling Bodies and the industry who give their time
and their passion to ensure the ongoing success of motorcycle sport in Australia.
MA also wishes to acknowledge and thank the Australian Government for their continued funding and commit-
ment to Motorcycling Sport. The Australian Sport Commission (ASC) is the Government body that supports
and invests in sport at all levels in Australia, and MA works closely with the ASC to develop motorcycling from
community participation through to high performance level.
2013 looks set to be another exciting year for motorcycling in Australia, with another full domestic calendar
designed to challenge riders of all skill-levels and entertain spectators across the nation.
The New Year will also bring the introduction of the National Come and Try Day, which will introduce the many
benefits of motorcycle sport to thousands of prospective recreational and competitive riders with activities in
every discipline.
On behalf of the Board of Motorcycling Australia, we wish you all the best in 2013 and hope to see you at the
track.
Stephen Foody David White
President Chief Executive Officer
Motorcycling Australia is proudly supported by
the Australian Sports Commission
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS enjoy the ride
INTRODUCTION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4
MOTORCYCLING AUSTRALIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .13
AFFILIATED STATE CONTROLLING BODIES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .15
A SHORT HISTORY OF MOTORCYCLING AUSTRALIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .16
MOTORCYCLING AUSTRALIA STRUCTURE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .17
MOTORCYCLING AUSTRALIA HALL OF FAME .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .19
AUSTRALIAN MOTORCYCLING CALENDAR .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .30
MOTORCYCLING AUSTRALIA MEDIA GUIDE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .32
THE GENERAL COMPETITION RULES. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .36
RULES AND MAKING RULE CHANGES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .38
Immediate Rule Changes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .38
Procedure for Consideration of Items by Commission .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .40
Rule Amendment or Inclusion Form .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .41
1 JURISDICTION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .42
1.1 Definitions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .42
1.2 Purpose of Rules. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .43
1.3 Repeal of Current GCRs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .43
1.4 By - Laws. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .43
2 ADMINISTRATION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .45
2.1 The Controlling Bodies. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .45
2.2 Commissions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .45
2.3 Sports Development Levy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .46
2.4 Sports Development Account .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .46
2.5 Officials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .46
3 LICENSING. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .51
3.1 Licensing Requirements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .51
3.1.2 Licence Types and Activity Eligibility .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .52
3.2 Licensing - General . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .53
3.3 Licensing - Seniors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .53
3.4 Licensing - Juniors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .53
3.5 Licensing - Entrants. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .54
3.6 Licensing - Speedway Mechanics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .54
3.7 Licence Issuing and Renewals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .54
3.8 Junior Coaching Program .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .55
4 COMPETITIONS. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .56
4.1 Venues. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .56
4.2 The Promotion and Conduct of Competitions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .56
5 OFFENCES, PROTESTS AND APPEALS. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .61
5.1 Offences .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .61
5.2 Protests .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .65
5.3 Appellate Bodies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .66
5.4 Appeals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .67
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2013 MANUAL OF MOTORCYCLE SPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 JUDICIAL COMMITTEE GUIDELINES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .68
6.1 MA Hearing Guidelines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .68
7 SPORTING COMMISSIONS AND COMMITTEES. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .70
7.1 Creation of Commissions. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .70
7.2 Structure of the Commissions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .70
7.3 Structure of the Standing Committees and Special Sub-Committees. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .70
7.4 Objectives of the Commissions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .70
7.5 Commission Terms of Reference. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .71
8 NATIONAL COACHING ACCREDITATION SCHEME .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .72
8.1 Coaching Background .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .72
9 NATIONAL OFFICIALS ACCREDITATION SCHEME .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .74
9.1 Officials Background .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .74
9.2 Levels of Accreditation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .74
9.3 Officials Licensing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .74
9.4 National Officials Sub-Committee Guidelines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .75
9.5 State Officials Review Panel Guidelines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .75
10 NATIONAL PERSONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .76
10.4 Definitions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .77
11 ANTI-DOPING POLICY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .78
Anti- Doping Background. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .78
11.1 Anti-Doping Policy Responsibilities .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .78
11.2 Anti-Doping Definitions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .79
11.3 MA’s Position on Doping .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .79
11.4 Anti-Doping Policy Application. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .79
11.5 Anti-Doping Policy Obligations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .79
11.6 Definition of Doping .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .80
11.7 Proof of Doping .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .80
11.8 Anti-Doping Rule Violations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .80
11.9 Anti-Doping Prohibited List .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .80
11.10 Therapeutic Use .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .81
11.11 Anti-Doping Testing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .81
11.12 Retirement and Return to Competition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .81
11.13 New Members .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .83
11.14 Anti-Doping Sample Analysis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .83
11.15 Anti-Doping Investigations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .83
11.16 Anti-Doping Result Management .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .83
11.17 Anti-Doping Hearings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .84
11.18 Anti-Doping Sanctions. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .85
11.19 Doping- Consequences to Teams .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .85
11.20 Anti-Doping Appeals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .85
11.21 Anti-Doping Violations Ouside of ADP. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .85
11.22 Anti-Doping Confidentiality and Reporting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .86
11.23 Interpretation of the Code .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .86
11.24 Anti-Doping Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .86
11.25 Alcohol Breath Testing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .87
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TABLE OF CONTENTS enjoy the ride
11.26 Alcohol Blood Testing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .88
11.27 Safety Policy - Drug and Alcohol Testing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .88
11.28 ADP Appendix- Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .90
12 ALL DISCIPLINES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .91
12.1 Application of Chapter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .91
12.2 Eligibility - All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .91
12.3 Fees- All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .91
12.4 Engines – Formulae for Calculation of Capacities and Classes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .91
12.5 Measurement - All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .92
12.6 Number Plates- All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .93
12.7 Radio Communication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .95
12.8 Frames and Parts - All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .95
12.9 Fuel-All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .97
12.10 Sound Emissions -All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .98
12.11 Starts and Finishes - All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100
12.12 Stopping Events- All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100
12.13 Flags and Signals- All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 101
12.14 Scoring- All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102
12.15 Change of Machine During a Competition - All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102
12.16 Junior Competition Rules - All Disciplines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102
12.17 Junior Capacity Classes - All Disciplines. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 104
13 AUSTRALIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 106
13.1 MA Events .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 106
13.2 Protocols .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 106
13.3 Championship Medallions and Trophies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 111
14 THE YEAR IN PICTURES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 114
15 ROAD RACING .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 115
15.1 Frames and Parts – Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 115
15.2 Engines - Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 116
15.3 Noise Emissions - Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 116
15.4 Protective Clothing - Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 116
15.5 Fuel - Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 117
15.6 Superbikes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 117
15.7 Supersport .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 119
15.8 Superstock 600 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 121
15.9 Superstock 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 122
15.10 Production 250. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 123
15.11 Production .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 124
15.12 125cc GP Class .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 125
15.13 250 GP Mono .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 125
15.14 Formula One Sidecars. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 126
15.15 Formula Two Sidecars. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 129
15.16 MOTO3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 131
15.17 Junior Competition Eligibility .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 133
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2013 MANUAL OF MOTORCYCLE SPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS
15.18 Junior Solo Road Racing 85cc. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 133
15.19 Junior Solo Road Racing 160cc .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135
15.20 Protective Clothing – Minimoto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135
15.21 Frames and Parts - Minimoto and Minimotard. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135
15.22 Engines - Minimoto and Minimotard .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 136
15.23 Road Bike Freestyle. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 139
15.24 Competition Rules - Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 139
15.25 Australian Superbike Championship .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 142
16 HISTORIC ROAD RACING. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 144
16.1 Protective Clothing – Historic Road Racing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 144
16.2 Categories and Classes- Historic Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 145
16.3 Noise Emissions - Historic Road Racing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 146
16.4 Eligibility - Historic Road Racing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 146
16.5 Requirements- Historic Road Racing - Solo .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 147
16.6 Prohibited Uses - Historic Road Racing - Solo .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 149
16.7 Permitted Uses - Historic Road Racing - Solo. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 149
16.8 Requirements - Historic Road Racing - Sidecars & Cyclecars .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150
16.9 Prohibited Uses - Historic Road Racing -Sidecars & Cyclecars .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 151
16.10 Permitted Uses - Historic Road Racing - Sidecars & Cyclecars . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 152
16.11 Fuel - Historic Road Racing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 152
16.12 Australian Historic Road Racing Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 152
17 MOTOCROSS AND SUPERCROSS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 153
17.1 Protective Clothing - Motocross and Supercross. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 153
17.2 Frames and Parts - Motocross and Supercross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 153
17.3 Noise Emissions - Motocross and Supercross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 154
17.4 Fuel- Motocross and Supercross. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 155
17.5 Senior Classes- Motocross and Supercross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 155
17.6 Junior Classes- Motocross and Supercross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 155
17.7 Competitor Grading- Motocross and Supercross. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 155
17.8 Competition Rules - All Ages and Classes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 155
17.9 Competition Rules - Supercross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 156
17.10 Competition Rules - Freestyle Motocross .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157
17.11 Competition Rules - Fast 50’s .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 158
17.12 Australian Senior Motocross Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 159
17.13 Australian Junior Motocross Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 161
17.14 Australian Supercross Championship .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 162
18. CLASSIC MOTOCROSS & DIRT TRACK .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 164
18.1 Protective Clothing- Classic Motocross and Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 164
18.2 Eligibility .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 165
18.3 Fuel - Classic MX & Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 165
18.4 Machine and Class Identification - Classic MX & Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 166
18.5 Tables of Machines and Components .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 166
18.6 Frames & Parts - Sidecars - Classic MX & Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 168
18.7 Engines - Sidecars - Classic MX & Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 169
18.8 Frames & Parts - Slider Class . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 169
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TABLE OF CONTENTS enjoy the ride
19 SPEEDWAY. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 171
19.1 Protective Clothing- Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 171
19.2 Frames and Parts - Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 172
19.3 Engines – Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 178
19.4 Engines - Junior Speedway. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 179
19.5 Rider Identification- Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 179
19.6 Fuel - Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 180
19.7 Classes- Junior Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 180
19.8 250cc Intermediate Speedway. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 180
19.9 250/350cc Solo Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 180
19.10 Classic Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 181
19.11 Competition Rules - Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 182
19.12 Australian Speedway Championships. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 186
19.13 Australian Teams Championships - Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 189
19.14 Test Matches- Speedway. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 191
19.15 World Championship Selection - Speedway .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 192
20 DIRT TRACK .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 194
20.1 Protective Clothing- Dirt Track. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 194
20.2 Frames and Parts - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 195
20.3 Noise Emissions - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196
20.4 Machine and Rider Identification - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196
20.5 Fuel - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196
20.6 Junior Classes - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196
20.7 Classes - Dirt Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196
20.8 Competition Rules - Dirt Track. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 197
20.9 Australian Senior and Junior Dirt Track Championships Format. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 197
21 TRACK .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 199
21.1 Protective Clothing - Track Machines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 199
21.2 Protective Clothing - Motocross or Enduro Machines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 200
21.3 Frames and Parts - Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 201
21.4 Engines - Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 202
21.5 Fuel - Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 202
21.6 Track - Junior .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203
21.7 Classic Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203
21.8 Competition Rules - Track .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203
21.9 Australian Senior and Junior Track Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 204
22 QUADS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205
22.1 Protective Clothing - Quads. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205
22.2 Footware in Pits .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205
22.3 Frames and Parts- Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205
22.4 Engines- Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 206
22.5 Rider and Machine identification - Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 206
22.6 Fuel - Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 206
22.7 Classes and Age Groups- Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 207
22.8 Competition Rules - Quads .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 209
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2013 MANUAL OF MOTORCYCLE SPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS
23 MOTO-TRIALS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 210
23.1 Protective Clothing – Moto-Trials. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 210
23.2 Classes and Grades – Moto-Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 210
23.3 Frames and Parts - Moto-Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 211
23.4 Fuel- Moto-Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 211
23.5 Classic Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 211
23.6 Sidecar - Moto-Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 212
23.7 Competition Rules – Moto-Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 212
23.8 Australian Moto-Trials Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 215
24 SUPERMOTO. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 216
24.1 Protective Clothing – Supermoto. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 216
24.2 Frames and Parts- Supermoto. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217
24.3 Engines- Supermoto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217
24.4 Noise Emissions - Supermoto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217
24.5 Fuel- Supermoto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217
24.6 Capacity Classes- Supermoto. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217
24.7 Competition Rules- Supermoto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 218
24.8 Australian Supermoto Championship .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 219
25 ENDURO AND RELIABILITY TRIALS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 220
25.1 Protective Clothing - Enduro and Reliability Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 220
25.2 Frames and Parts - Enduro and Reliability Trials. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 221
25.3 Noise Emissions- Enduro and Reliability Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 221
25.4 Fuel- Enduro and Reliability Trials .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 221
25.5 Competition Rules- Enduro and Reliability Trials. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 222
25.6 Competition Rules -Junior Enduro .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 229
25.7 Australian 4 Day Enduro Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 230
25.8 The Course – A4DE. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 231
25.9 Preliminary Examination- A4DE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 232
25.10 Publication of Results- A4DE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 232
25.11 A4DE Awards .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 232
25.12 Cross Country .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 234
25.13 Sprint .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 234
25.14 Australian Off-Road Championships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 234
26 MINIKHANA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 236
26.1 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 236
26.2 Protective Clothing- Minikhana .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 236
26.3 Frames and Parts- Minikhana .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 236
26.4 Engines- Minikhana. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 237
26.5 Classes & Grades - Minikhana .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 237
26.6 Competition Rules- Minikhana. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 238
26.7 Courses- Minikhana. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 241
27 ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF COMPETITION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 250
27.1 Alternative Activities. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 250
27.2 Venues - Alternative Activities .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 250
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