ManualofGrammaticalInterfacesinRomance MRL10 Manuals of Romance Linguistics Manuels de linguistique romane Manuali di linguistica romanza Manuales de lingüística románica Edited by Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret Volume 10 Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance Edited by Susann Fischer and Christoph Gabriel ISBN978-3-11-031178-5 e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-031186-0 e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-039483-2 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenappliedforattheLibraryofCongress. BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. 62016WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Coverimage:©Marco2811/fotolia Typesetting:RoyalStandard,HongKong Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck ♾ Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Manuals of Romance Linguistics The new international handbook series Manuals of Romance Linguistics (MRL) will offer an extensive, systematic and state-of-the-art overview of linguistic research in theentirefieldofpresent-dayRomanceStudies. MRL aims to update and expand the contents of the two major reference works available to date: Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik (LRL) (1988–2005,vol. 1–8) and Romanische Sprachgeschichte (RSG) (2003–2008, vol. 1–3). It will also seek to integrate new research trends as well as topics that have not yet been explored systematically. Given that a complete revision of LRL and RSG would not be feasible, at least not in a sensible timeframe, the MRL editors have opted for a modular approach thatismuchmoreflexible: The series will include approximately 60 volumes (each comprised of approx. 400–600 pages and 15–30 chapters). Each volume will focus on the most central aspects of its topic in a clear and structured manner. As a series, the volumes will covertheentirefieldofpresent-dayRomanceLinguistics,buttheycanalsobeused individually. Given that the work on individual MRLvolumes will be nowhere near as time-consuming as that on a major reference work in the style of LRL, it will be much easier to take into account even the most recent trends and developments in linguisticresearch. MRL’s languages of publication are French, Spanish, Italian, English and, in exceptional cases,Portuguese.Eachvolumewillconsistently bewritteninonlyone oftheselanguages.Ineachcase,thechoiceoflanguagewilldependonthespecific topic. English will be used for topics that are of more general relevance beyond the fieldofRomanceStudies(forexampleManualofLanguageAcquisitionorManualof RomanceLanguagesintheMedia). The focus of each volume will be either (1) on one specific language or (2) on one specific research field. Concerning volumes of the first type, each of the Romance languages – including Romance-based creoles – will be discussed in a separatevolume.Aparticularlystrongfocuswillbeplacedonthesmallerlanguages (linguae minores) that other reference works have not treated extensively. MRLwill comprise volumes on Friulian, Corsican, Galician,Vulgar Latin, among others, as wellasaManualofJudaeo-RomanceLinguisticsandPhilology.Volumesofthesecond type will be devoted to the systematic presentation of all traditional and new fields of Romance Linguistics, with the research methods of Romance Linguistics being discussed in a separate volume. Dynamic new research fields and trends will yet again be of particular interest, because although they have become increasingly important in both research and teaching, older reference works have not dealt with thematallortoucheduponthemonlytangentially.MRLwillfeaturevolumesdedi- cated to research fields such as Grammatical Interfaces,Youth Language Research, VI ManualsofRomanceLinguistics Urban Varieties, Computational Linguistics, Neurolinguistics, Sign Languages or ForensicLinguistics.Eachvolumewillofferastructuredandinformative,easy-to-read overviewofthehistoryofresearchaswellasofrecentresearchtrends. We are delighted that internationally-renowned colleagues from a variety of Romance-speaking countries and beyond have agreed to collaborate on this series and take on the editorship of individual MRL volumes. Thanks to the expertise of the volume editors responsible for the concept and structure of their volumes, as well as for the selection of suitable authors, MRL will not only summarize the current state of knowledge in Romance Linguistics, but will also present much new informationandrecentresearchresults. Asawhole,theMRLserieswillpresentapanoramaofthedisciplinethatisboth extensiveandup-to-date, providing interesting andrelevant information anduseful orientation for every reader, with detailed coverage of specific topics as well as general overviews of present-day Romance Linguistics. We believe that the series will offer a fresh, innovative approach, suited to adequately map the constant advancementofourdiscipline. GünterHoltus(Lohra/Göttingen) FernandoSánchezMiret(Salamanca) July2016 Acknowledgments Editing a manual is a collective effort. High standards can only be met by drawing on the expertise of various scholars from many different linguistic disciplines, be it as authors of the individual chapters or as reviewers and consultants. The editors wouldliketoexpresstheirgratitudetothemanyindividualswhogenerouslyoffered theirtimeandexpertisetoimprovethequalityofthepresentvolume.Thereviewers arelistedinalphabeticalorderinthefollowing:ArtemisAlexiadou,ElenaAnagnosto- poulou,Theresa Biberauer, JoannaBłaszczak,Ute Bohnacker, MartinElsig,Anamaria Fălăuş, Cristina Maria Moreira Flores, Chiara Gianollo, Klaus von Heusinger, Mary Kato, Imme Kuchenbrandt, Tanja Kupisch, Winfried Lechner, Susanne Lohrmann, Mihaela Marchis,Thomas McFadden,Trudel Meisenburg, Fabio Montermini, Andrea Pešková, Florian Schäfer, Horst Simon, Carola Trips, Chiara Truppi, Maria del Mar Vanrell,TonjesVeenstra,JorgeVegaVilanova,XavierVillalbaandMarinaZielke. Thanksarealsoduetothefollowingcolleagueswhohavecommentedonearlier versions of individual chapters: Mathieu Avanzi (chap. 3), Francesco Maria Ciconte (chap.16),CristinaFlores(chap.18),JonasGranfeldt(chap.18),KlausGrübl(chap.14), Marc-Olivier Hinzelin (chap. 18), Dalina Kallulli (chap. 8), Marie Labelle (chap. 6), ClàudiaPons-Moll(chap.4),ThomasScharinger(chap.14)andHiyonYoo(chap.3). Many thanks go to the following native speakers for discussing the linguistic examplesinsomeofthechapters:FabiánSantiagoVargas(chap.3);ElenaCiutescu (chap. 6); Roberta D’Alessandro, Susana Barros, Adriana Fasanella, Jordi Fortuny, José Cruz da Ângela, Norma Schifano, Carmen Ríos García and Juan Quintanilla (chap.11);Júlio Matias, Mario Navarro, Jacopo Torregrossa and Jorge Vega Vilanova (chap.12);AriadnaBenet,NicholasCatassoandBenjaminMassot(chap.14). We also wish to thank Frédéric Aumaître, Sarah Jobus, Birgitta Pees and Liefka Würdemannfortheirassistancewith thefinalproofreadingandthecross-checking of references as well as Kirsten Brock and Derek Fobair for checking the language andforproof-readingsomeofthechapters. Finally,wewould liketo expressourgratitudetothe De Gruytereditorialteam, Christine Henschel and Ulrike Krauß, for the constant support we received during the editing process, and to the series editors,Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret,whoprovideduswithmostvaluablefeedbackfromtheveryfirstsketchofthe volumeuntilthesubmissionofitsfinalversion. SusannFischer(Hamburg)andChristophGabriel(Mainz) May2016 Table of contents Preface V Acknowledgments VII SusannFischerandChristophGabriel GrammaticalinterfacesinRomancelanguages:Anintroduction 1 I Sound and structure JoséIgnacioHualdeandIoanaChitoran 1 Surfacesoundandunderlyingstructure:Thephonetics-phonology interface 23 MarinaVigário 2 Segmentalphenomenaandtheirinteractions:Evidenceforprosodic organizationandthearchitectureofgrammar 41 ÉlisabethDelais-Roussarie 3 Prosodicphonologyanditsinterfaces 75 EulàliaBonetandMaria-RosaLloret 4 PhonologyandmorphologyinOptimalityTheory 105 SaschaGagliaandMarc-OlivierHinzelin 5 Inflectionalverbmorphology 149 II Structure and meaning M.TeresaEspinalandSusagnaTubau 6 Meaningofwordsandmeaningofsentences 187 Eva-MariaRemberger 7 Morphologyandsemantics:Aspectandmodality 213 LuisLópez 8 (In)definiteness,specificity,anddifferentialobjectmarking 241 RobertaD’AlessandroandDiegoPescarini 9 Agreementrestrictionsandagreementoddities 267 JaumeMateuFontanals 10 Auxiliaryselection 295 X Tableofcontents III Sound, structure, and meaning MichelleSheehan 11 Subjects,nullsubjects,andexpletives 329 SusannFischerandMariaGoldbach 12 Objectclitics 363 JudithMeinschaefer 13 Nominalizations 391 AndreasDufterandChristophGabriel 14 Informationstructure,prosody,andwordorder 419 AnaMariaMartins 15 VPandTPellipsis:Sententialpolarityandinformationstructure 457 DeliaBentleyandSilvioCruschina 16 Existentialconstructions 487 IV The role of the interfaces in language acquisition and change ConxitaLleó 17 Acquiringmultilingualphonologies(2L1,L2andL3):Arethedifficultiesinthe interfaces? 519 TanjaKupischandJasonRothman 18 Interfaceswithsyntaxinlanguageacquisition 551 EstherRinke 19 Theroleoftheinterfacesinsyntacticchange 587 PieterMuyskenandAntjeMuntendam 20 Interfacinginterfaces:QuechuaandSpanishintheAndes 607 UlrichDetgesandRichardWaltereit 21 Grammaticalizationandpragmaticalization 635 KristineEide 22 Changesatthesyntax-discourseinterface 659 Index 683