Table Of Content

NEWS multimedia ^"1 Jw UI Ml II WM ,f,wmm11[I TLJ,f|p 1 w 4 mmmmm 1 Table of Contents The Making ofMakers 2 System Requirements 4 Installation 5 Getting Started 7 Using Makersofthe20th Century 8 Control Panel 8 Help 8 Quit 8 Volume 9 Viewing Profiles 9 Moving betweenChapters 10 Moving between Documents 10 PrintingArticles 1 Exploring Makersofthe20th Century 12 MainWorldsScreen 12 BodyWorld 13 DesignWorld 15 DiscoveryWorld 16 MindWorld 17 PowerWorld 18 SensesWorld 21 Search 22 RandomSearch 23 Handy Hints 24 The Making of Makers Iftwo unconnected people were to write down their idea ofthe 200 most significantpeopleofthetwentiethcentury,whowouldbesuretofigureon both lists?AdolfHitler?MarilynMonroe?AlbertEinstein?Anyoneatall? Wedo notknow, butwe suspectthattherewould beverylittle overlap. Everybodyhastheirowngalleryofheroesandvillains,andinanycase,howdo youbegintoweightheachievementofasurgeonagainstthatofaphilosopher? Amountaineeragainstarockgroup?Apoetagainstapresident?Thereis,after all,nouniversalcurrencyofgreatness,noobjectivewaytoreducethelife’swork ofextraordinarypeopletomeasurableunits. ThisCD-ROM, Makersofthe20th Century, started lifeasa seriesin the SundayTimesMagazineofLondon.Itconsistedofathousandshortpieces,each onealifeinanutshell,bymorethan400writers.Wehavebuiltonthemagazine seriesand,usingthewholearmouryofmultimedia,wehavegivenanaccountof ourbusycenturythroughthelifestoriesofkeyindividuals.So,aswellaslearning thatNeilArmstrongwalkedonthe moon,youcanseehimdoitand readwhat theworldthoughtofhisincredible journey.Youcanwatch FredAstairedance, hear Billy Graham preach, or listen to Stephen Hawking explain what the cosmosmeanstohim. ButMakersofthe20thCenturyisnotanencyclopedia. Itisadigitalarchive containingthousandsofdiversedocuments.Andwehaveshapedtheserecords- contemporarynewspaperarticles, photographs, newsreels,togetherwithour introductionsandcaptions-into roundedpicturesofourMakers.Theyare like Picassoportraits,drawnfromseveraldifferentanglesatthesametime. ManyofthedocumentsintheCD-ROMwereoriginallypublishedlongago: theoldestnewspaperarticleisanaccountofthefirstwirelesssignaltospanthe AtlanticOcean,anditwasprintedinTheTimeson December 16, 1901.Thearti- clescovermorethanjustalongtimespan,theyalsotakeinawidevarietyofjour- nalisticgenres.TheyrangeinstylefromTheTimes'dryreportageofthe Russian revolution in 1917toTheSun'sjestingassessmentofMichaelJackson'seccentrici- tiesintheEighties. Oneofthestrengthsofusingcontemporarydocumentsistoshowhowmuch terminology,attitudesandopinionshavechanged in mattersofraceandsexual politics.Today, itisastonishing, forexample,todiscoverhowfreelytheword 'Negro'wasusedintheSixties-notjustbythepress,butthecivilrightschampions 2 Malcolm Xand Martin Luther King. Butwe have notaltered the newspaper articles, becausethisshiftispartofthestoryofourcentury, itisa brushstroke in thelargerportrait.Wedid notfeelwehadtherighttocensorthehistoryaccord- ingtotheattitudesofourownday. We recognisethathuman affairsare seldom a matterofheroicindividual accomplishment. HistorymakestheMakersasoftenastheMakersmakeHistory. Artistsareinfluenced byotherartists;scientistsbuild onthediscoveriesofearlier scientists; politiciansare born ofthetimes, andtheyneedtheirentourages,their armies,theirmassmovements. We havefoundvariouswaysofaddressingthishistoricaltruth. Onewasto choose Makerswhoaresymbolsoftheworld-shaking phenomena. SoWilfred Owen standsforthedreadfultrauma ofthefirstworldwar; Chico Mendes' life lets ustellthetragicstoryofthe rainforests, anothermanmadeorgyofdestruc- tion. Sometimeswe have letonelife representcollectiveachievementsorglobal events: CrickandWatsonforthediscoveryofDNA, Rosa Parksforsparkingthe blackcivil rightsmovement, HenryFordfortheageofthecar, Baekelandforthe proliferationofplastic,thatcharacteristictwentieth-centurymaterial. Intheeditorialprocess,wehavehadtoaskourselvesmanyimpossibleques- tions:whichinvention,forexample,hashadthegreatereffectonthewaywelive ourlivesdaybyday-theatom bomborthe photocopier?Onlyrarelydowars eruptand empirescollapse, butthebric-a-bracoftwentieth-centurytechnology- Scotchtape,Velcro, boardgames,zippers-these arewith useveryday. Sothe answeristhatboth matteron differentlevels, andwe have includedthe 'small’ inventorsalongsidetherocketscientists,thenuclearphysicistsandthecosmologists. No singleworkcould sayeverything there isto sayaboutthe life ofthe century. There are many subjects we have left untouched, many important peopleandeventswhosesignificanceisbarelytoucheduponormerelyimplied. ButnoneofthismeansthatMakersofthe20th Centurydrawsan incompleteor subjective picture ofthe pasthundredyears. EachoneofourMakershaslefta markonthispastcentury,andtheirlegacywillcarryintothetwenty-first. ;; .. ' . . Jonathan Bastable & Hannah Charlton Editors May 1996. 3 System Requirements Windows Makersofthe20th Centuryneedsatleasta 486/33 PC runningWindows3.1 orWindows95with 8MbofRAM.Yourmonitorshould besettoaresolutionof 640x480pixelsand becapableofdisplaying 256colours.Youwillalsoneed adouble-speed CD-ROM driveand an MPC-compatiblesoundcard. Macintosh BHU.UHIU-iLI.iL-lLJ LJ—1__LJ ^ Makers ofthe20th Centurywill run on a Macintosh with at leasta 68030 processor (orany Power Macintosh) and 8Mb of RAM. You should be using System 7.1 or later, and both Sound Manager3.2 and QuickTime 2.1 should be presentand active in your Extensionsfolder. Theyare also provided on the CD-ROM and can becopiedtoyourSystem Folder.Yourmonitorshould beset to a resolution ofatleast640x480 pixels and be capable ofdisplaying 256 colours. Youwillalsoneed adouble-speedCD-ROM drive. 4 Installation Windows 3.1 Makers ofthe20th Centuryis supplied with itsown installer, which will also installQuickTimeforWindows2.1.1 ontoyourPC. FileManager File Disk Tree View Options Tools Window Help [S3D:CD-ROM -2 1.Clickheretoselect CD-ROMdrive D:\**-CD-ROM CDruntime CDsetup Clsounddb Q Qsetupkit.dll vbrun300.dll— 2.Double-clickhere riinstalLexe toinstall CHmak runexe 0[=1readme.txt makers,zap D:0bytesfree, 127MBtotal Total13file(s)(1.33MB) Open the Main program group of the Program Manager and start File Managerbydouble-clicking it. Using File Manager, selectthe CD-ROM drive (usuallydrived:) in thetop left-hand cornerofthewindow. Finally, double-click 'install.exe'. Alternatively, you can select Run from the File menu of the Program Managerand type the letterofyourCD-ROM drive followed by installatthe command line, suchasd:install. 5 : Windows95 j£|Slard Makerspc(D j§JMyComputer HR CD-ROMDisc Jej^Makersp^D-) IS 1. SelectCD-ROM .dit View HelWp Discfrom Start E5t| Programs Database Vbrun300.i menu Makers Documents Qtanim Qtdb gettings Runtime Setup Sounddb ^ lnstall.exe 2. Double-clickhere Help Mak_run.exe toinstall RlMakers.zap Run... Readme.txt Setupkit.dll ShutDown... 13object(s) 1.33MB Select CD-ROM Discfrom the Startmenu and double-click install.exe. The installerwill askyoutoenterthe letterofyourCD-ROM drive.Thedefaultisd:- onlychangethis ifyour PC's CD-ROM drive isdifferent. Then, clickContinue. You willthen be asked wherethe application isto be saved on yourhard disk. The defaultistocreate a newdirectorycalled Makersonyourc: drive-type in an alternative ifyouwould like itto be saved somewhere else. ClickContinue again. Makersofthe20th Centurywillthen beinstalled. QuickTimeforWindows2.1.1 willthenbeinstalled.Thismustbepresentfor Makersofthe20th Centuryto operate properly. Ifyou already haveversion 2.1.1 ofQuickTime forWindows installed, you can exitthe installerbyclicking Exit. Macintosh Makersofthe20th Centuryis readyto be used straightaway. Insertthe disc intoyourCD-ROM drive and you're readyto go! Ifyour Macintosh does not havethe latestversionsofthe Extensions required to run Makers ofthe20th Century, these can becopied from the CD-ROM. Double-click FilesforSystem Folder...,dragQuickTime,QuickTimePowerPlugandSoundMangerontoyour System Folderand restartyourMacintosh. 6 1 Getting Started Itis recommended thatyou have no otherapplications open when you run Makersofthe20th Century. Followingthestart-upsequence,youwillfindyour- selfatthe MainWorldsscreen, describedon page 12. Windows 3.1 TostartMakersofthe20th Century, locatethe MakersApplicationprogram group in the Program Managerand double-clickthe Makers ofthe20th Centuryicon. Windows95 Hstaib jc 10:54 CD-ROMDisc Programs 1 Accessories (jif| Documents Documents | MakersApplication : MakersOfThe20thCentury Settings £j|?) MicrosoftOffice *(1T| ReadMe ^ £§ QuickTimeforWindows £'nd C(^|SoundBlasterAWE32 Help StartUp ^ MicrosoftExchange Run... MS-DOSPrompt B TheMicrosoftNetwork ShutDown.. , WindowsExplorer 01'• WMBWHnH1mEmHBBmmi 1.SelectProgramsfrom 2.SelectMakers 3. SelectMakersof the Startmenu Application the20th Century To start Makersofthe20th Century, find the MakersApplicationon the Start menuandselectMakersofthe20th Centuryfromthesub-menu. 7 — Macintosh MRKERS # 8items 560.8MBindisk zeroK Double-clickheretostart Makersofthe20thCentury FilesforSystemFolder... Readme.txt Tostart Makersofthe20th Century, double-clickthe Makersofthe20thCentury icon inthe MakerswindowwhichappearswhentheCD-ROM isinserted. Using Makers ofthe 20th Century Control Panel hist ClickforhelP Clicktoquit Whereveryou are in Makersofthe20th Centuryyou will find a Control Panel. This contains the Help, Search and Quitbuttons. Search isdescribed in detail onpage 22. On-line help isavailable from anywhere in Makersofthe 20th Century. When- everyou need help, clickthe Help button inthe Control Panel. Asyou movethe cursoraroundthe screenwiththemouse,youwillbegivenguidanceabouthow to proceed depending on the cursor's position. To switch offthe on-line help, clickanywhereonthescreen. Quit When you wanttoquit, clickthe Quitbutton in the Control Panel.Thiswilltake you tothe creditsandacknowledgmentsscreen. ClickQuitagainonthisscreen to exit, click Credits orAcknowledgments to viewthose screens, or, ifyou don't want to exit, click the Worlds button to go back into the CD-ROM. 8