manual .,landforms; and the1 r interpretation from aerial photographs

100 Pages·2002·8.27 MB·English

British Columbia Forest Serviee .
Research Note No. 6681974
MANUAL
,
.OF
.,LANDFORMS; AND THE1 R INTERPRETATION
FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
..^__
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WITHE MPHASIS ON FOREST LAND
MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
IN
BRITISH COLUMBIA
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PART I LANDFORMS
by N. Keser
PREFACE
A Landform Interpretation Manual is being prepared by Dr.
Nurettin Keser as a result of the Geology-Landform Soilsc ourses
that he has organised and presented in several Forest Districts
throughoutB ritish Columbia since 1969.
This is ana dvance copy of Part 1 oft hep roposedm anual.
Part 2 will follow later in the year and will be written in co-
operationw itho therr esourceu sers. It will illustrate landform
interpretation for forested land management practice.
The purpose of releasing a preliminary copy is to solicit
youra ssistance, as usersd uringt he 1974 fields eason,t o
improve upon content and presentation before final editing and
publication.
I believe this pioneering text w i l l contribute much to our
understanding. I commend thep rojectt o youa nd trustt hatt he
information will be of value to you in your work and will stimulate
furthers uggestionsf or its improvement.
G. C. Warrack,
Forester i/c ,
ResearchD ivision.
.. . .
INTRODUCTION
This landform handbook has been preparedp rimarilyf or B.C. ForestS ervice
InventoryD ivisionp ersonnel as an aid to their field undertakings.
Theh andbook is not i n its final form sincet here was an urgency to
preparet he book so it could be used i n the 1974 field season.
Texts are presently being prepared fort hev ariouss ectionsa lthough
they may not be ready i n time to be included i n the book. Some tables
and figuresa ree nclosed. I t was thought that, having recently completed
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the landforms photo interpretationc ourse,t heu ser would easily be
able to utilize the information.
Again, due tol ack of time,c ritica-1e diting of thei nterpretations was
not possible ands ome errors are anticipated.
The finalv ersion of the landform handbook is planned for the fall. I t
is hoped that persons wing it during the summer 1974 season will
significantlyc ontribute to thef inalf ormat. I t wouldb e most appreciated
if the .following information could be provided a t the end of the field
season:
1. Any errors in thef igures and tables.
2. Inconsistancies or errors i n interpretation. Where the user
is not satisfied with the interpretation, this fact should be
.
noted
3. The generall ocation when i t is notg iven, so that it may be
added do airphoto descriptions.
4. Any suggestionsa st o how the handbook maby e improved.
5. Photo numbers or examples that theu ser macy o me across this
sumrrcer, or may already know from prev.ious years which can be
incorporatedi ntot he handbook. (Seet heo ut1 i ne).
Note: Corrections andc o mments should bme ade i n theu ser's copy. A t
the end of the book a blank sheet is provided fors uggestions.
4.'.
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It is sincerely hoped that the handbook even i n its present form
will be of some assistancet ot heI nventoryD ivisionp ersonnel i n their
work.
Nuretti n Keser ,
May 3, 1974
TABLE OF CONTENTS
'4
PART I A. AERIAL PHOTO INTERPRETATION
Kinds and scale of photographs
Elements ofa irphotoi nterpretation
B . LANDFORMS - Basicc oncepts
.I Bedrock types and landforms
I1 Glaciated landforms
Erosional
Depositional
I11 Non-glaciall a ndforms
Fluvial
Col1 uvial
Aeol i an
Lacustrine
Mar i ne
Organic
IV MassM ovements
4.
PRACT.f.CRLS ,,AND dEXERC-ISES
'W
D. GLOSSARY
E. REFERENCES
.
PART I1 F. INTERPRETATION OF LANDFORMS FOR FOREST LAND
MANAGEMENT INB RITISHC OLUMBIA
Forestry
Engineering
Watershed management
Water quality
Ground water
Recreation
Wildlife
Fisheries
Mining
Pollution
Industrial Development
Integrated resource management
Impact Studies
G. PRACTICALS AND EXERCISES
H. GLOSSARY
I. REFERENCES

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PINNATE DERANGED BARBED
FIGURE 2, BASIC DRAINAGE PATTERNS (Pa.rvis, 7950)
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/- TABLE 2. GULLY ANALYSIS SAND AND GRAVEL GULLIES
(Keser, 7974)
p.tcr'
Description Material Common Landforms
nota lways Sand, gravgl. outwashp lain
present short, appreciableg rains ize Val ley train
,
steep V-shaped non-cohesive fluvialt errace
"gash" or "nick" high poros i ty fluviafl a ns -
rarely on eskerso r dunes
GULLY CHARACTER I ST I cs
LENGTH short
"
WIDTH . narrow
DEPTH shal low to mdderate
1
'I
'Sharp angl e
V-shaped
CROSS hea d aatns hg alersp f -c L
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SECT I ON ends.
angleo fr eposeo ft he
Angleo f
materiadl etermines
rtehpeo ss eh ape
PLAN
shorts implea ndd irect
seldom has more than
one tributary
Foot
.. ~
Steeps, hort
PROF I LE uniforgm r adient
shanrp ic kpoint A
at heaed n d .
Foot Head
. '
References
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TABLE 3. GULLY ANALYSIS CLAY GULLIES (Keser, 1974)
Description Common Landforms Material
Smoothlyc urving clay Marine,g laciomarine
. shallow lacustrine,g lacio-s mallg rains ize
"swa 1 e- 1 i ke" I Inol I frictional resistance lacustrine clay loam till
"L.vL, 1o w po ros i ty plainss hale bedrock.
\
I
GULLY CHARACTERISTICS
I
smoothlyc urving, or at
leastn on-intricate,w ith
LAN a moderate number of
simi 1a r branches.
dendriticd rainagew ith
.
mode rate dens i ty
. . I
gentle,f airlyu niform
ROF I LE gradient mergi.nij impercep,t1 " '
tiblyi ntot het errain a t
theh eade nd.
Foo t 4Head
Ref e rences