manual - Apache OpenJPA - The Apache Software Foundation!

360 Pages·2010·2.97 MB·English

Apache OpenJPA 1.2 User's Guide
Apache OpenJPA 1.2 User's Guide
PublishedLastupdatedonApril12,2013at2:46PM.
Copyright©2006-2010TheApacheSoftwareFoundation

1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.OpenJPA......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.AboutThisDocument ............................................................................................................. 3
2.JavaPersistenceAPI ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.IntendedAudience.................................................................................................................. 9
1.2.LightweightPersistence ........................................................................................................... 9
2.WhyJPA? ......................................................................................................................................10
3.JavaPersistenceAPIArchitecture .......................................................................................................12
3.1.JPAExceptions.....................................................................................................................13
4.Entity ............................................................................................................................................15
4.1.RestrictionsonPersistentClasses .............................................................................................16
4.1.1.DefaultorNo-ArgConstructor ......................................................................................16
4.1.2.Final ........................................................................................................................16
4.1.3.IdentityFields ............................................................................................................16
4.1.4.VersionField .............................................................................................................16
4.1.5.Inheritance ................................................................................................................17
4.1.6.PersistentFields .........................................................................................................17
4.1.7.Conclusions ...............................................................................................................18
4.2.EntityIdentity ......................................................................................................................18
4.2.1.IdentityClass .............................................................................................................19
4.2.1.1.IdentityHierarchies ..........................................................................................20
4.3.LifecycleCallbacks ...............................................................................................................21
4.3.1.CallbackMethods .......................................................................................................21
4.3.2.UsingCallbackMethods ..............................................................................................22
4.3.3.UsingEntityListeners .................................................................................................22
4.3.4.EntityListenersHierarchy ............................................................................................23
4.4.Conclusions .........................................................................................................................24
5.Metadata ........................................................................................................................................25
5.1.ClassMetadata .....................................................................................................................26
5.1.1.Entity .......................................................................................................................26
5.1.2.IdClass.....................................................................................................................27
5.1.3.MappedSuperclass .....................................................................................................27
5.1.4.Embeddable ...............................................................................................................27
5.1.5.EntityListeners ...........................................................................................................28
5.1.6.Example ...................................................................................................................28
5.2.FieldandPropertyMetadata ....................................................................................................29
5.2.1.Transient ...................................................................................................................30
5.2.2.Id.............................................................................................................................31
5.2.3.GeneratedValue .........................................................................................................31
5.2.4.EmbeddedId .............................................................................................................32
5.2.5.Version .....................................................................................................................32
5.2.6.Basic ........................................................................................................................32
5.2.6.1.FetchType ......................................................................................................33
5.2.7.Embedded .................................................................................................................33
5.2.8.ManyToOne.............................................................................................................34
5.2.8.1.CascadeType ..................................................................................................34
5.2.9.OneToMany.............................................................................................................35
5.2.9.1.BidirectionalRelations ......................................................................................36
5.2.10.OneToOne .............................................................................................................37
5.2.11.ManyToMany .........................................................................................................37
5.2.12.OrderBy .................................................................................................................38
5.2.13.MapKey .................................................................................................................38
5.2.14.PersistentFieldDefaults .............................................................................................38
5.3.XMLSchema .......................................................................................................................39
5.4.Conclusion...........................................................................................................................55
6.Persistence .....................................................................................................................................60
6.1.persistence.xml .....................................................................................................................60
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6.2.Non-EEUse .........................................................................................................................62
7.EntityManagerFactory ......................................................................................................................63
7.1.ObtaininganEntityManagerFactory..........................................................................................63
7.2.ObtainingEntityManagers ......................................................................................................63
7.3.PersistenceContext ...............................................................................................................64
7.3.1.TransactionPersistenceContext ....................................................................................64
7.3.2.ExtendedPersistenceContext........................................................................................65
7.4.ClosingtheEntityManagerFactory............................................................................................66
8.EntityManager ................................................................................................................................67
8.1.TransactionAssociation..........................................................................................................67
8.2.EntityLifecycleManagement ..................................................................................................68
8.3.LifecycleExamples ...............................................................................................................71
8.4.EntityIdentityManagement ....................................................................................................73
8.5.CacheManagement ...............................................................................................................73
8.6.QueryFactory ......................................................................................................................74
8.7.Closing ...............................................................................................................................75
9.Transaction.....................................................................................................................................76
9.1.TransactionTypes .................................................................................................................76
9.2.TheEntityTransactionInterface ...............................................................................................77
10.JPAQuery ....................................................................................................................................79
10.1.JPQLAPI ..........................................................................................................................79
10.1.1.QueryBasics ............................................................................................................79
10.1.2.RelationTraversal .....................................................................................................82
10.1.3.FetchJoins...............................................................................................................83
10.1.4.JPQLFunctions ........................................................................................................83
10.1.5.PolymorphicQueries .................................................................................................85
10.1.6.QueryParameters ......................................................................................................85
10.1.7.QueryHints .............................................................................................................86
10.1.7.1.LockingHints ................................................................................................86
10.1.7.2.ResultSetSizeHint ........................................................................................87
10.1.7.3.IsolationLevelHint ........................................................................................87
10.1.7.4.OtherFetchplanHints......................................................................................87
10.1.7.5.OracleQueryHints .........................................................................................87
10.1.7.6.NamedQueryHints ........................................................................................87
10.1.8.Ordering..................................................................................................................88
10.1.9.Aggregates ..............................................................................................................88
10.1.10.NamedQueries .......................................................................................................88
10.1.11.DeleteByQuery .....................................................................................................89
10.1.12.UpdateByQuery ....................................................................................................89
10.2.JPQLLanguageReference ....................................................................................................90
10.2.1.JPQLStatementTypes ...............................................................................................90
10.2.1.1.JPQLSelectStatement ....................................................................................90
10.2.1.2.JPQLUpdateandDeleteStatements ..................................................................91
10.2.2.JPQLAbstractSchemaTypesandQueryDomains ..........................................................91
10.2.2.1.JPQLEntityNaming .......................................................................................91
10.2.2.2.JPQLSchemaExample....................................................................................91
10.2.3.JPQLFROMClauseandNavigationalDeclarations.........................................................92
10.2.3.1.JPQLFROMIdentifiers ...................................................................................93
10.2.3.2.JPQLIdentificationVariables ...........................................................................95
10.2.3.3.JPQLRangeDeclarations.................................................................................95
10.2.3.4.JPQLPathExpressions ....................................................................................95
10.2.3.5.JPQLJoins ....................................................................................................96
10.2.3.5.1.JPQLInnerJoins(RelationshipJoins) ......................................................96
10.2.3.5.2.JPQLOuterJoins .................................................................................97
10.2.3.5.3.JPQLFetchJoins .................................................................................97
10.2.3.6.JPQLCollectionMemberDeclarations ...............................................................98
10.2.3.7.JPQLPolymorphism .......................................................................................98
10.2.4.JPQLWHEREClause ...............................................................................................99
10.2.5.JPQLConditionalExpressions.....................................................................................99
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10.2.5.1.JPQLLiterals.................................................................................................99
10.2.5.2.JPQLIdentificationVariables ...........................................................................99
10.2.5.3.JPQLPathExpressions ....................................................................................99
10.2.5.4.JPQLInputParameters ..................................................................................100
10.2.5.4.1.JPQLPositionalParameters .................................................................100
10.2.5.4.2.JPQLNamedParameters .....................................................................100
10.2.5.5.JPQLConditionalExpressionComposition .......................................................100
10.2.5.6.JPQLOperatorsandOperatorPrecedence .........................................................100
10.2.5.7.JPQLBetweenExpressions ............................................................................101
10.2.5.8.JPQLInExpressions .....................................................................................102
10.2.5.9.JPQLLikeExpressions ..................................................................................102
10.2.5.10.JPQLNullComparisonExpressions ...............................................................103
10.2.5.11.JPQLEmptyCollectionComparisonExpressions .............................................103
10.2.5.12.JPQLCollectionMemberExpressions ............................................................103
10.2.5.13.JPQLExistsExpressions ..............................................................................104
10.2.5.14.JPQLAllorAnyExpressions ........................................................................104
10.2.5.15.JPQLSubqueries ........................................................................................104
10.2.5.16.JPQLFunctionalExpressions ........................................................................105
10.2.5.16.1.JPQLStringFunctions ......................................................................105
10.2.5.16.2.JPQLArithmeticFunctions ................................................................106
10.2.5.16.3.JPQLDatetimeFunctions ..................................................................106
10.2.6.JPQLGROUPBY,HAVING ....................................................................................106
10.2.7.JPQLSELECTClause .............................................................................................107
10.2.7.1.JPQLResultTypeoftheSELECTClause .........................................................107
10.2.7.2.JPQLConstructorExpressions ........................................................................108
10.2.7.3.JPQLNullValuesintheQueryResult ..............................................................108
10.2.7.4.JPQLAggregateFunctions .............................................................................108
10.2.7.4.1.JPQLAggregateExamples ..................................................................109
10.2.8.JPQLORDERBYClause.........................................................................................109
10.2.9.JPQLBulkUpdateandDelete ...................................................................................109
10.2.10.JPQLNullValues..................................................................................................110
10.2.11.JPQLEqualityandComparisonSemantics .................................................................111
10.2.12.JPQLBNF ...........................................................................................................111
11.SQLQueries ...............................................................................................................................115
11.1.CreatingSQLQueries ........................................................................................................115
11.2.RetrievingPersistentObjectswithSQL .................................................................................115
12.MappingMetadata .......................................................................................................................117
12.1.Table...............................................................................................................................118
12.2.UniqueConstraints ............................................................................................................120
12.3.Column ...........................................................................................................................121
12.4.IdentityMapping ...............................................................................................................122
12.5.Generators........................................................................................................................124
12.5.1.SequenceGenerator .................................................................................................124
12.5.2.TableGenerator .......................................................................................................125
12.5.3.Example ................................................................................................................126
12.6.Inheritance .......................................................................................................................128
12.6.1.SingleTable ...........................................................................................................128
12.6.1.1.Advantages .................................................................................................129
12.6.1.2.Disadvantages ..............................................................................................129
12.6.2.Joined ...................................................................................................................129
12.6.2.1.Advantages .................................................................................................131
12.6.2.2.Disadvantages ..............................................................................................131
12.6.3.TablePerClass .......................................................................................................132
12.6.3.1.Advantages .................................................................................................133
12.6.3.2.Disadvantages ..............................................................................................133
12.6.4.PuttingitAllTogether .............................................................................................133
12.7.Discriminator....................................................................................................................136
12.8.FieldMapping ..................................................................................................................141
12.8.1.BasicMapping .......................................................................................................141
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12.8.1.1.LOBs .........................................................................................................141
12.8.1.2.Enumerated .................................................................................................141
12.8.1.3.TemporalTypes ...........................................................................................142
12.8.1.4.TheUpdatedMappings ..................................................................................142
12.8.2.SecondaryTables ....................................................................................................146
12.8.3.EmbeddedMapping.................................................................................................148
12.8.4.DirectRelations ......................................................................................................150
12.8.5.JoinTable ..............................................................................................................153
12.8.6.BidirectionalMapping .............................................................................................156
12.8.7.MapMapping .........................................................................................................156
12.9.TheCompleteMappings .....................................................................................................157
13.Conclusion .................................................................................................................................166
3.ReferenceGuide ....................................................................................................................................167
1.Introduction ..................................................................................................................................174
1.1.IntendedAudience...............................................................................................................174
2.Configuration................................................................................................................................175
2.1.Introduction .......................................................................................................................175
2.2.RuntimeConfiguration .........................................................................................................175
2.3.CommandLineConfiguration ...............................................................................................175
2.3.1.CodeFormatting.......................................................................................................176
2.4.PluginConfiguration............................................................................................................177
2.5.OpenJPAProperties .............................................................................................................178
2.5.1.openjpa.AutoClear ....................................................................................................178
2.5.2.openjpa.AutoDetach ..................................................................................................178
2.5.3.openjpa.BrokerFactory...............................................................................................178
2.5.4.openjpa.BrokerImpl ..................................................................................................179
2.5.5.openjpa.ClassResolver ...............................................................................................179
2.5.6.openjpa.Compatibility ...............................................................................................179
2.5.7.openjpa.ConnectionDriverName ..................................................................................179
2.5.8.openjpa.Connection2DriverName ................................................................................179
2.5.9.openjpa.ConnectionFactory ........................................................................................180
2.5.10.openjpa.ConnectionFactory2 .....................................................................................180
2.5.11.openjpa.ConnectionFactoryName ...............................................................................180
2.5.12.openjpa.ConnectionFactory2Name .............................................................................180
2.5.13.openjpa.ConnectionFactoryMode ...............................................................................181
2.5.14.openjpa.ConnectionFactoryProperties .........................................................................181
2.5.15.openjpa.ConnectionFactory2Properties........................................................................181
2.5.16.openjpa.ConnectionPassword ....................................................................................181
2.5.17.openjpa.Connection2Password ..................................................................................182
2.5.18.openjpa.ConnectionProperties ...................................................................................182
2.5.19.openjpa.Connection2Properties ..................................................................................182
2.5.20.openjpa.ConnectionURL ..........................................................................................182
2.5.21.openjpa.Connection2URL.........................................................................................183
2.5.22.openjpa.ConnectionUserName...................................................................................183
2.5.23.openjpa.Connection2UserName .................................................................................183
2.5.24.openjpa.ConnectionRetainMode ................................................................................183
2.5.25.openjpa.DataCache..................................................................................................183
2.5.26.openjpa.DataCacheManager ......................................................................................184
2.5.27.openjpa.DataCacheTimeout ......................................................................................184
2.5.28.openjpa.DetachState ................................................................................................184
2.5.29.openjpa.DynamicDataStructs.....................................................................................184
2.5.30.openjpa.FetchBatchSize ...........................................................................................185
2.5.31.openjpa.FetchGroups ...............................................................................................185
2.5.32.openjpa.FlushBeforeQueries .....................................................................................185
2.5.33.openjpa.IgnoreChanges ............................................................................................185
2.5.34.openjpa.Id..............................................................................................................186
2.5.35.openjpa.InverseManager...........................................................................................186
2.5.36.openjpa.LockManager..............................................................................................186
2.5.37.openjpa.LockTimeout ..............................................................................................186
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2.5.38.openjpa.Log ...........................................................................................................187
2.5.39.openjpa.ManagedRuntime ........................................................................................187
2.5.40.openjpa.Mapping ....................................................................................................187
2.5.41.openjpa.MaxFetchDepth...........................................................................................187
2.5.42.openjpa.MetaDataFactory .........................................................................................188
2.5.43.openjpa.MetaDataRepository.....................................................................................188
2.5.44.openjpa.Multithreaded .............................................................................................188
2.5.45.openjpa.Optimistic ..................................................................................................188
2.5.46.openjpa.OrphanedKeyAction.....................................................................................189
2.5.47.openjpa.NontransactionalRead...................................................................................189
2.5.48.openjpa.NontransactionalWrite ..................................................................................189
2.5.49.openjpa.ProxyManager ............................................................................................189
2.5.50.openjpa.QueryCache................................................................................................189
2.5.51.openjpa.QueryCompilationCache ...............................................................................190
2.5.52.openjpa.ReadLockLevel ...........................................................................................190
2.5.53.openjpa.RemoteCommitProvider................................................................................190
2.5.54.openjpa.RestoreState ...............................................................................................190
2.5.55.openjpa.RetainState .................................................................................................191
2.5.56.openjpa.RetryClassRegistration .................................................................................191
2.5.57.openjpa.RuntimeUnenhancedClasses ..........................................................................191
2.5.58.openjpa.SavepointManager .......................................................................................191
2.5.59.openjpa.Sequence....................................................................................................192
2.5.60.openjpa.TransactionMode .........................................................................................192
2.5.61.openjpa.WriteLockLevel ..........................................................................................192
2.6.OpenJPAJDBCProperties ....................................................................................................193
2.6.1.openjpa.jdbc.ConnectionDecorators .............................................................................193
2.6.2.openjpa.jdbc.DBDictionary ........................................................................................193
2.6.3.openjpa.jdbc.DriverDataSource ...................................................................................193
2.6.4.openjpa.jdbc.EagerFetchMode ....................................................................................193
2.6.5.openjpa.jdbc.FetchDirection .......................................................................................194
2.6.6.openjpa.jdbc.JDBCListeners .......................................................................................194
2.6.7.openjpa.jdbc.LRSSize................................................................................................194
2.6.8.openjpa.jdbc.MappingDefaults ....................................................................................194
2.6.9.openjpa.jdbc.MappingFactory .....................................................................................195
2.6.10.openjpa.jdbc.QuerySQLCache ...................................................................................195
2.6.11.openjpa.jdbc.ResultSetType ......................................................................................195
2.6.12.openjpa.jdbc.Schema ...............................................................................................195
2.6.13.openjpa.jdbc.SchemaFactory .....................................................................................196
2.6.14.openjpa.jdbc.Schemas ..............................................................................................196
2.6.15.openjpa.jdbc.SQLFactory .........................................................................................196
2.6.16.openjpa.jdbc.SubclassFetchMode ...............................................................................196
2.6.17.openjpa.jdbc.SynchronizeMappings ............................................................................197
2.6.18.openjpa.jdbc.TransactionIsolation ..............................................................................197
2.6.19.openjpa.jdbc.UpdateManager ....................................................................................197
3.Logging .......................................................................................................................................198
3.1.LoggingChannels ...............................................................................................................198
3.2.OpenJPALogging ...............................................................................................................199
3.3.DisablingLogging ...............................................................................................................200
3.4.Log4J................................................................................................................................200
3.5.ApacheCommonsLogging ...................................................................................................200
3.5.1.JDK1.4java.util.logging............................................................................................201
3.6.CustomLog .......................................................................................................................201
4.JDBC ..........................................................................................................................................203
4.1.UsingtheOpenJPADataSource .............................................................................................203
4.2.UsingaThird-PartyDataSource .............................................................................................204
4.2.1.ManagedandXADataSources ....................................................................................204
4.3.RuntimeAccesstoDataSource ..............................................................................................205
4.4.DatabaseSupport ................................................................................................................206
4.4.1.DBDictionaryProperties ............................................................................................207
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4.4.2.MySQLDictionaryProperties ......................................................................................214
4.4.3.OracleDictionaryProperties ........................................................................................215
4.5.SettingtheTransactionIsolation ............................................................................................216
4.6.SettingtheSQLJoinSyntax ..................................................................................................216
4.7.AccessingMultipleDatabases ...............................................................................................217
4.8.ConfiguringtheUseofJDBCConnections...............................................................................217
4.9.StatementBatching..............................................................................................................219
4.10.LargeResultSets...............................................................................................................220
4.11.DefaultSchema .................................................................................................................222
4.12.SchemaReflection .............................................................................................................222
4.12.1.SchemasList ..........................................................................................................222
4.12.2.SchemaFactory ......................................................................................................222
4.13.SchemaTool ....................................................................................................................223
4.14.XMLSchemaFormat .........................................................................................................226
5.PersistentClasses...........................................................................................................................229
5.1.PersistentClassList .............................................................................................................229
5.2.Enhancement ......................................................................................................................229
5.2.1.EnhancingatBuildTime ............................................................................................230
5.2.2.EnhancingJPAEntitiesonDeployment ........................................................................231
5.2.3.EnhancingatRuntime................................................................................................231
5.2.4.OmittingtheOpenJPAenhancer ..................................................................................232
5.3.ManagedInterfaces .............................................................................................................233
5.4.ObjectIdentity ....................................................................................................................233
5.4.1.DatastoreIdentity .....................................................................................................233
5.4.2.EntitiesasIdentityFields ...........................................................................................234
5.4.3.ApplicationIdentityTool ...........................................................................................235
5.4.4.Autoassign/IdentityStrategyCaveats ..........................................................................236
5.5.ManagedInverses ...............................................................................................................236
5.6.PersistentFields ..................................................................................................................238
5.6.1.RestoringState .........................................................................................................238
5.6.2.TypingandOrdering .................................................................................................238
5.6.3.CalendarFieldsandTimeZones...................................................................................238
5.6.4.Proxies ...................................................................................................................239
5.6.4.1.SmartProxies ................................................................................................239
5.6.4.2.LargeResultSetProxies ..................................................................................239
5.6.4.3.CustomProxies..............................................................................................240
5.6.5.Externalization .........................................................................................................241
5.6.5.1.ExternalValues .............................................................................................244
5.7.FetchGroups ......................................................................................................................244
5.7.1.CustomFetchGroups ................................................................................................244
5.7.2.CustomFetchGroupConfiguration ..............................................................................246
5.7.3.Per-fieldFetchConfiguration ......................................................................................247
5.7.4.ImplementationNotes................................................................................................247
5.8.EagerFetching....................................................................................................................248
5.8.1.ConfiguringEagerFetching ........................................................................................249
5.8.2.EagerFetchingConsiderationsandLimitations ..............................................................250
6.Metadata ......................................................................................................................................251
6.1.MetadataFactory ................................................................................................................251
6.2.MetadataRepository ............................................................................................................252
6.3.AdditionalJPAMetadata ......................................................................................................252
6.3.1.DatastoreIdentity .....................................................................................................252
6.3.2.SurrogateVersion .....................................................................................................252
6.3.3.PersistentFieldValues...............................................................................................252
6.3.4.PersistentCollectionFields.........................................................................................253
6.3.5.PersistentMapFields ................................................................................................253
6.4.MetadataExtensions ............................................................................................................254
6.4.1.ClassExtensions.......................................................................................................254
6.4.1.1.FetchGroups .................................................................................................254
6.4.1.2.DataCache ...................................................................................................254
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6.4.1.3.DetachedState ...............................................................................................254
6.4.2.FieldExtensions .......................................................................................................255
6.4.2.1.Dependent ....................................................................................................255
6.4.2.2.LoadFetchGroup ..........................................................................................255
6.4.2.3.LRS .............................................................................................................255
6.4.2.4.Inverse-Logical ..............................................................................................255
6.4.2.5.Read-Only ....................................................................................................255
6.4.2.6.Type ............................................................................................................256
6.4.2.7.Externalizer...................................................................................................256
6.4.2.8.Factory.........................................................................................................256
6.4.2.9.ExternalValues .............................................................................................256
6.4.3.Example .................................................................................................................257
7.Mapping ......................................................................................................................................258
7.1.ForwardMapping ................................................................................................................258
7.1.1.UsingtheMappingTool ............................................................................................259
7.1.2.GeneratingDDLSQL ................................................................................................260
7.1.3.RuntimeForwardMapping .........................................................................................260
7.2.ReverseMapping ................................................................................................................261
7.2.1.CustomizingReverseMapping ....................................................................................263
7.3.Meet-in-the-MiddleMapping ................................................................................................265
7.4.MappingDefaults ................................................................................................................265
7.5.MappingFactory .................................................................................................................267
7.6.Non-StandardJoins .............................................................................................................268
7.7.AdditionalJPAMappings .....................................................................................................270
7.7.1.DatastoreIdentityMapping ........................................................................................270
7.7.2.SurrogateVersionMapping ........................................................................................270
7.7.3.Multi-ColumnMappings ............................................................................................271
7.7.4.JoinColumnAttributeTargets.....................................................................................271
7.7.5.EmbeddedMapping ..................................................................................................271
7.7.6.Collections ..............................................................................................................273
7.7.6.1.ContainerTable .............................................................................................273
7.7.6.2.ElementJoinColumns ....................................................................................273
7.7.6.3.OrderColumn ...............................................................................................273
7.7.7.One-SidedOne-ManyMapping ...................................................................................274
7.7.8.Maps ......................................................................................................................275
7.7.9.IndexesandConstraints .............................................................................................275
7.7.9.1.Indexes ........................................................................................................275
7.7.9.2.ForeignKeys .................................................................................................275
7.7.9.3.UniqueConstraints .........................................................................................276
7.7.10.XMLColumnMapping ............................................................................................276
7.7.11.StreamLOBSupport ...............................................................................................280
7.8.KeyColumns .....................................................................................................................280
7.9.KeyJoinColumns ...............................................................................................................280
7.10.KeyEmbeddedMapping.....................................................................................................281
7.11.Examples .........................................................................................................................281
7.12.MappingLimitations ..........................................................................................................282
7.12.1.TablePerClass .......................................................................................................282
7.13.MappingExtensions...........................................................................................................282
7.13.1.ClassExtensions .....................................................................................................282
7.13.1.1.SubclassFetchMode.....................................................................................282
7.13.1.2.Strategy ......................................................................................................282
7.13.1.3.DiscriminatorStrategy ...................................................................................282
7.13.1.4.VersionStrategy ...........................................................................................283
7.13.2.FieldExtensions .....................................................................................................283
7.13.2.1.EagerFetchMode.........................................................................................283
7.13.2.2.Nonpolymorphic ..........................................................................................283
7.13.2.3.ClassCriteria ...............................................................................................283
7.13.2.4.Strategy ......................................................................................................284
7.14.CustomMappings..............................................................................................................284
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