MANUAL Analog System Lab Kit PRO MANUAL

104 Pages·2012·8.61 MB·English

Analog AL Analog
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MANUAL g
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Authors
MANUAL
K.R.K. Rao and C.P. Ravikumar
Editor in Chief
Zoran Ristić
Assistant Editor
Miodrag Veljković
Cover Design
Danijela Krajnović
Graphic Design/DTP
Aleksandar Nikolić
Special Thanks to
Harmanpreet Singh
for his help in performing the additional experiments
(Experiments 11-14) included in the new release of ASLK Pro.
Publisher
MikroElektronika Ltd.
Analog System Lab Kit PRO Manual
www.mikroe.com ver. 1.03b
June 2012. 0 100000 019382

Table of contents

Introduction 9 2.1.1 Inverting Regenerative Comparator 24
2.1.2 Astable Multivibrator 24
2.1.3 Monostable Multivibrator (Timer) 25
Analog System Lab 10
2.2 Exercise Set 2 26
Organization of the Analog System Lab Course 11

Lab Setup 12
System Lab Kit ASLK PRO - An overview 13
Hardware 13
Experiment 3: 27
Software 13
Study the characteristics of integrators and differentiator circuits
Getting to know ASLK PRO 14
Organization of the Manual 16
3.1 Brief theory and motivation 28
3.1.1 Integrators 28
Experiment 1: 17
3.1.2 Differentiators 28
Study the characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers and 3.2 Specifications 28
design of an instrumentation amplifier 3.3 Measurements to be taken 28
3.4 What should you submit 29
1.1 Brief theory and motivation 18
3.5 Exercise Set 3 - Grounded Capacitor Topologies
1.1.1 Unity Gain Amplifier 18
of Integrator and Differentiator 30
1.1.2 Non-inverting Amplifier 19

1.1.3 Inverting Amplifier 19
1.2 Exercise Set 1 20
Experiment 4: 31
1.3 Measurements to be taken 20
1.4 What should you submit 21 Design of Analog Filters
1.5 Other related ICs 21
4.1 Brief theory and motivation 32

4.2 Specification 33
Experiment 2: 23 4.3 Measurements to be taken 33
4.4 What should you submit 33
Study the characteristics of regenerative feedback system with
extension to design an astable and monostable multivibrator 4.5 Exercise Set 4 34
2.1 Brief theory and motivation 24

Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 3
Table of contents
Experiment 5: 35 Experiment 8: 47
Design of a self-tuned filter Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC)
5.1 Brief theory and motivation 36
8.1 Brief theory and motivation 48
5.1.1 Multiplier as a Phase Detector 36
8.2 Specifications 48
5.2 Specification 37
8.3 Measurements to be taken 48
5.3 Measurements to be taken 37
8.4 What should you submit 48
5.3.1 Transient response 37
8.5 Exercise Set 8 49
5.4 What should you submit 37

5.4.1 Exercise Set 5 38
Experiment 9: 51
Experiment 6: 39 DC-DC Converter
9.1 Brief theory and motivation 52
Design a function generator and convert it to Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator/FM Generator 9.2 Specification 52
9.3 Measurements to be taken 52
6.1 Brief theory and motivation 40
9.3.1 Time response 52
6.2 Specifications 40
9.3.2 Transfer function 52
6.3 Measurements to be taken 40
9.4 What should you submit 53
6.4 What should you submit 41
9.5 Exercise Set 9 53
6.5 Exercise Set 6 41

Experiment 7: 43 Experiment 10: 55
Design of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Design a Low Dropout (LDO) regulator
7.1 Brief theory and motivation 44 10.1 Brief theory and motivation 56
7.2 Specifications 44 10.2 Specifications 56
7.3 Measurements to be taken 45 10.3 Measurements to be taken 56
7.4 What should you submit 45 10.4 What should you submit 57
7.5 Exercise Set 7 45 10.5 Exercise Set 10 57

page 4 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Table of contents
Experiment 11: 59
14.2 Specifications 72
To study the parameters of an LDO integrated circuit 14.3 Measurements to be taken 72
14.4 What should you submit 72
11.1 Brief theory and motivation 60
14.5 Exercise Set 14 73
11.2 Specifications 60
11.3 Measurements to be taken 60
11.4 What should you submit 61
A ICs used in ASLK PRO 75
Experiment 12: 63
A.1 TL082: JFET-Input Operational Amplifier 76
To study the parameters of a DC-DC Converter using on-board
A.1.1 Features 76
Evaluation module
A.1.2 Applications 76
12.1 Brief theory and motivation 64 A.1.3 Description 76
12.2 Specifications 65 A.1.4 Download Datasheet 76
12.3 Measurements to be taken 65 A.2 MPY634: Wide Bandwidth Analog Precision Multiplier 77
12.4 What should you submit 65 A.2.1 Features 77
A.2.2 Applications 77
Experiment 13: 67 A.2.3 Description 77
A.2.4 Download Datasheet 77
Design of a Digitally Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier
A.3 DAC 7821: 12 Bit, Parallel, Multiplying DAC 78
13.1 Brief theory and motivation 68 A.3.1 Features 78
13.2 Specifications 68 A.3.2 Applications 78
13.3 Measurements to be taken 68 A.3.3 Description 78
13.4 What should you submit 68 A.3.4 Download Datasheet 78
13.5 Exercise Set 13 69 A.4 TPS40200: Wide-Input, Non-Synchronous Buck
DC/DC Controller 79
Experiment 14: 71
A.4.1 Features 79
Design of a Digitally Programmable Square and Triangular wave A.4.2 Applications 79
generator/oscillator A.4.3 Description 79
14.1 Brief theory and motivation 72 A.4.4 Download Datasheet 79
Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 5
Table of contents List of figures
A.5 TLV7250: Micropower Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator 80 Signal Chain in an Electronic System 10
A.5.1 Features 80 Analog System Lab Kit PRO 13
A.5.2 Applications 80 Picture of ASLK PRO 15
A.5.3 Description 80 1.1 An ideal Dual-Input, Single-Output OP-Amp and its I-O
A.5.4 Download Datasheet 80 characteristic 18
A.6 Transistors: 2N3906, 2N3904, BS250 81 1.2 A Unity Gain System 18
A.6.1 2N3906 Features, A.6.2 Download Datasheet 81 1.3 Magnitude and Phase response of a Unity Gain System 19
A.6.3 2N3904 Features, A.6.4 Download Datasheet 81 1.4 Time Response of an Amplifier for
A.6.5 BS250 Features, A.6.6 Download Datasheet 81 a step input of size Vp 19
A.7 Diode: 1N4448 Small Signal Diode 82 1.5 (a) Non-inverting amplifier of gain 2,
A.7.1 Features 82 (b) Inverting amplifier of gain 2 19
A.7.2 Download Datasheet 82 1.6 Negative Feedback Amplifiers 19
1.7 Frequency Response of Negative Feedback Amplifiers 20
B Introduction to Macromodels 83 1.8 Outputs VF1 , VF2 and VF3 of Negative Feedback
Amplifiers of Figure 2.6 for Square-wave Input VG1 20
B.1 Micromodels 84 1.9 Instrumentation Amplifiers with (a) three and (b) two
B.2 Macromodels 84 operational amplifiers 20
2.1 Inverting Schmitt-Trigger and
C Activity - Convert your its Hysteresis Characteristic 24
2.2 Symbol for an Inverting Schmitt Trigger 24
PC/laptop into an Oscilloscope 87
2.3 Non-inverting Schmitt Trigger
and its Hysteresis Curve 24
C.1 Introduction 88
2.4 Astable Multivibrator and its characteristics 25
C.2 Limitations 88
2.5 Trigger waveform 25
2.6 Monostable Multivibrator and its outputs 25
D Analog System Lab Kit PRO
3.1 Integrator 28
Connection Diagrams 89
3.2 Differentiator 28
3.3 Frequency Response of integrator and differentiator 29
Bibliography 99 3.4 Outputs of integrator and differentiator for
square-wave and triangular-wave inputs 30
page 6 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
List of figures
3.5 Circuits for Exercise 3 30 12.2 Simulation waveforms - TP3 is the PWM waveform
4.1 A Second-order Universal Active Filter 32 and TP4 is the switching waveform 65
4.2 Magnitude and Phase Response of 13.1 Circuit for Digital Controlled Gain Stage Amplifier 68
LPF, BPF, BSF, and HPF filters 32 13.2 Equivalent Circuit for simulation 69
5.1 Analog Multiplier 36 13.3 Simulation output of digitally controlled Oscillator when
5.2 A Self-Tuned Filter based on a Voltage Controlled the input pattern for the DAC 69
Filter or Voltage Controlled Phase Generator 36 was selected to be 0x800
5.3 Output of the Self-Tuned Filter 14.1 Circuit for Digital Controlled Oscillator 72
based on simulation 37 14.2 Circuit for Simulation 73
6.1 Function Generator 40 14.3 Simulation Results 73
6.2 Function Generator Output 40 A.1 TL082 - JFET-Input Operational Amplifier 76
6.3 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 41 A.2 MPY634 - Analog Multiplier 77
7.1 Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and its characterisitics 44 A.3 DAC 7821 - Digital to Analog Converter 78
7.2 Sample output waveform for A.4 TPS40200 - DC/DC Controller 79
the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) Experiment 44 A.5 TPS7250 -Micropower Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator 80
7.3 Block Diagram of Frequency Optimizer 45 A.6 2N3906 PNP General Purpose Amplifier 81
8.1 Automatic Gain Control (AGC)/ A.7 2N3906 NPN General Purpose Amplifier 81
Automatic Volume Control (AVC) 48 A.8 BS250 P-Channel Enh. Mode Vertical DMOS FET 81
8.2 Input-Output Characteristics of AGC/AVC 48 A.9 1N4448 Small Signal Diode 82
8.3 AGC circuit and its output 49 C.1 Buffer circuit needed to interface an Analog Signal to
9.1 DC-DC Converter and PWM waveform 52 Oscilloscope 88
9.2 (a) SMPS Circuit (b) Ouptut Waveforms 53 D.1 OP-Amp 1A connected in Inverting Configuration 90
10.1 Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) 56 D.2 OP-Amp 1B connected in inverting configuration 90
10.2 A regulator circuit and its simulated outputs - line D.3 OP-Amp 2A can be used in both inverting
regulation and load regulation 56 and non-inverting configuration 91
11.1 Schematic diagram of on-board evaluation module 60 D.4 OP-Amp 2B can be used in both inverting
11.2(a) Line regulation 61 and non-inverting configuration 91
11.2(b) Load regulation 61 D.5 OP-Amp 3A can be used in unity gain configuration
12.1 Schematic of the on-board EVM 64 or any other custom configuration 92
Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 7
Nth
Nth NNth22
NNt2h 2 NN22
NN22 NN-1
2
NN-1 N-1
2 N2
N-1 2
N22 N2~0=1 RC
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~20=1 RC ~H0=0 1 RC
~H00=1 RC HV003 = +H0
ntroduction List of figures ~~HVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV000000000i0iii0iiii312431241======H==H-1100bbbbbQbbbQ4-1-1111111Q1b1b++++++++112a2ab2b--+Q1+Q1HH~~~~~~~~+H+H220~00s0VV0sVVs00ss0s00ss~~VVVVss$Q$QQQ0QQ~Q0Q0000VVVHH0diiiiVVVV3124~02~02$$12s2000sz0iiii00124=+~=++=~+=l+H++l+10202s-2s2===$H$100l0l-HH~~k~b~~~bk~b~bQ1sssss0sss4-1111bb0bbQ00202020202020202Q421-b22122212211++++1llllllll2aQ1bb+2+++-12+Qa1H~b~~~2-+Q1+HH~~2~~00s0s00ss~Hs$Q2QQ0Q00s0sH00ss~~02s$$QQQ0Q2s0+~~0+2+l+$022ss2+~++l+$002ls2H~~k~~$s0slssH~~k~~00202s0202sss2222002l02020l2ll2222llll
i dz1-4Q2 ddz~
dd~z d~~=~0
D.6 OP-Amp 3B can be used in unity gain configuration 3.1 Plot of Magnitude and Phase w.r.t. ~Idn~p=ut~ F0reque~n-c=y2 Q~0 29
or any other custom configuration 92 3.2 Plot of Magnitude and Phase w.r.t. -~Inp2=uQt~ F0reque-n2c~yQ0 29
D.7 Connections for analog multiplier MPY634 - SET I 92 3.3 Variation of Peak to Peak value of o~-u~~02t0p0Qut ~~H~0000Q
D.8 Connections for analog multiplier MPY634 - SET II 93 w.r.t. Peak value of Input ~H00Q H~0Q0=1kH2z9
D.9 Connections for analog multiplier MPY634 - SET III 93 4.1 Transfer Functions of Active Filters~H 00Q=1kHz ~Q0==11kHz32
D.10 Connections for A/D converter DAC7821 - DAC I 94 4.2 Frequency Response of a BPF with Q~0==11kHz, Q~=0=1 10k3H3z
D.11 Connections for A/D converter DAC7821 - DAC II 95 4.3 Frequency Response of a BSF with ~Q0==110kHz~, Q0==1100k H3z3
D.12 Connections for TPS40200 Evaluation 5.1 Variation of output amplitude with Q~in0=p=u1t1 0f0rekqHuzeQnfc==y 110kHz37
step-down DC/DC converter 96 6.1 Change in frequency as a function oQff= =Co11nk0tHrozl Vofltf=a=g1e1k 0HkzH4z1
DD..1134 CMoOnSnFeEcTti osnocsk feotr TP7250 low-dropout linear voltage reg. 9977 77..12 OCountptruotl PVhoaltsaeg ea sa as afu fnucntciotino no fo Ifn Ipnuptrfffu F===t44$ rHFe$$111Vr0Vq0e0$kpuqQHkkeuHHznezzcnyc rfyVr= 4$pH4$$1HV0$0$pV0Q$pkQH44z55
D.15 Bipolar Junction Transistor socket 97 8.1 Transfer characteristic of the AGC cVrirpc$uHit0 $pQ Vp~0=2$r4$8104rad/s
D.16 Diode sockets 98 9.1 Variation of output voltage with ref~Vep0re=n2ce$ rvo$l1t0a~g4H0er=0a = d2/s1$0r$104rad/s
D.17 Trimmer-potentiometers 98 in a DC-DC converter ~H00==120$r$10Hy40r_=atdi1/=0s si5n3_100rti+0.1sin_200rti
D.18 Main power supply 98 9.2 Variation of duty cycle with referenyHc_e0t =vio=1lt0asigne_ 1 y0_0triti=+si0n.1_1s0in0_r2t0i0+r0ti.1sin_200rti
y t =sin 100rt +0.1sin 200rt
D.19 General purpose area (2.54mm / 100mills pad spacing) 98 in a DC-DC converter _ i _ i 53 _ i
10.1 Variation of Load Regulation with Load Current
in an LDO 56
10.2 Variation of Line Regulation with Input Voltage
List of tables
in an LDO 57
11.1 Line regulation 61
11.2 Load regulation 61
12.1 Variation of the duty cycle of PWM waveform
1.1 Plot of Peak to Peak amplitude of output
with input voltage 66
Vpp w.r.t. Input Frequency 21
12.2 Line regulation 66
1.2 Plot of Magnitude and Phase variation
12.3 Load regulation 66
w.r.t. Input Frequency 21
13.1 Variation in output amplitude with bit pattern 68
1.3 Plot of DC output voltage and phase variation
14.1 Varying the bit pattern input to the DAC 72
w.r.t. DC input voltage 21
B.1 Operational Amplifiers available from Texas Instruments 85
2.1 Plot of Hysteresis w.r.t. Regenerative Feedback 25
page 8 Analog System Lab Kit PRO
Introduction
What you need to know before you get started
Analog System Lab Kit PRO page 9
Analog System Lab
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Although digital signal processing is the most common form of processing signals,
analog signal processing cannot be completely avoided since the real world is
Typical signal chain
analog in nature. Consider a typical signal chain (Figure below).
1 A sensor converts the real-world signal into an analog electrical signal.
This analog signal is often weak and noisy.
2 Amplifiers are needed to strengthen the signal. Analog filtering may be
necessary to remove noise from the signal. This “front end” processing
improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Three of the most important building
blocks used in this stage are (a) Operational Amplifiers, (b) Analog
multipliers and (c) Analog Comparators.
3 An analog-to-digital converter transforms the analog signal into a
stream of 0s and 1s.
4 The digital data is processed by a CPU, such as a DSP, a microprocessor,
or a microcontroller. The choice of the processor depends on how
intensive the computation is. A DSP may be necessary when real-
time signal processing is needed and the computations are complex.
Microprocessors and microcontrollers may suffice in other applications.
5 Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) is necessary to convert the stream of
0s and 1s back into analog form.
Figure: Signal Chain in an Electronic System
6 The output of the DAC has to be amplified before the analog signal can
drive an external actuator.
It is evident that analog circuits play a for an undergraduate or a postgraduate in the colleges focus on the circuit of choices of integrated circuits keeping
crucial role in the implementation of an curriculum. As part of the lab course, design aspect, ignoring the issues in mind the diverse requirements
electronic system. the student will build analog systems encountered in system design. In the of system designers. As a student,
using analog ICs and study their macro real world, a system designer uses you must be aware of these diverse
The goal of the Analog System Lab models, characteristics and limitations. the analog ICs as building blocks. The offerings of semiconductors and select
Course is to provide students an Our philosophy in designing this lab focus of the system designer are to the right IC for the right application. We
exposure to the fascinating world course has been to focus on system optimize system-level cost, power, and have tried to emphasize this aspect
of analog and mixed-signal signal design rather than circuit design. We performance. IC manufacturers such as in designing the experiments in this
processing. The course can be adapted feel that many Analog Design classes Texas Instruments offer a large number manual.
page 10 Analog System Lab Kit PRO