Manliness & civilization: a cultural history of gender and race in the United States, 1880-1917

322 Pages·128.917 MB·English

by  Bederman, Gail;Stimpson, Catharine R(Foreword by)

MANLINESS CIVILIZATION
WOMEN IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY
A series edited by Catharine R. Stimpson
MANLINESS
A CULTURAL HISTORY OF GENDER AND
RACE IN THE UNITED STATES, 1880-191 7
GAIL B E D E W
THE UKIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
CHICAGO AND LONDON
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London
© 1995 by The University of Chicago
All rights reserved. Published 1995
Paperback edition 1996
Printed in the United States of America
14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 5 6 7 8 9
ISBN: 0-226-04139-5 (paperback)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bederman, Gail.
Manliness & civilization : a cultural history of gender and race in the
United States, 1880–1917 / Gail Bederman.
p. cm. — (Women in culture and society)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Sex role—United States—History. 2. Masculinity (Psychology)—
United States—History. 3. United States—Race relations. 4. White
supremacy movements—United States—History. 5. United States—
Civilization. I. Title. II. Title: Manliness and civilization. III. Series.
HQ1075.5.U6B43 1995
305.3(cid:2)0973—dc20 94-26936
CIP
øThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
To my parents

CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
CHAPTER 1
Remaking Manhood through Race arid "Civilization"
1
CHAPTER 2
"The White Man's Civilization on Trial": Ida B. Wells,
Representations of Lynching, and Northern Middle-Class
Manhood
45
CHAPTER 3
"Teaching Our Sons to Do What We Have Been Teaching the
Savages to Avoid": G. Stanley Hall, R,acial Recapitulation, and the
Neurasthenic Paradox
77
CHAPTER 4
"Not to Sex-But to Race!" Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Civilized
Anglo-Saxon Womanhood, and the Return of the Primitive
Rapist
121
CHAPTER 5
Theodore Roosevelt: Manhood, Nation, and "Civilization"
170
CONCLUSION
Tarzan and After
217
Notes 241
Bibliography 289
Index 297
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Jack Johnson, 191 1 9
2. European explorer and pygmy guides, 1908 2 1
3. Court of Honor, World's Columbian Exposition,
1893 3 2
4. Dahomey Village, World's Columbian Exposition,
1893 37
5. Ida B. Wells with Tom Moss's witlow and orphans,
c. 1893 64
6. G. Stanley Hall 8 9
7, 8, and 9. Hall's ideas illustrated, 191 5 118-19
10. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, publicity
photograph 133
11. Cartoon illustrating Gilman's views, 1905 148
12. Theodore Roosevelt as Western ranchman,
1885 177