Manichaeism and Early Christianity Selected Papers from the 2019 Pretoria Congress and Consultation (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies) PDF
Preview Manichaeism and Early Christianity Selected Papers from the 2019 Pretoria Congress and Consultation (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies)
ManichaeismandEarlyChristianity Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors JasonD.BeDuhn DylanM.Burns JohannesvanOort EditorialBoard a.d. deconick–w.-p. funk–i. gardner s.n.c. lieu–h. lundhaug–a. marjanen–l. painchaud n.a. pedersen–t. rasimus–s.g. richter m. scopello–j.d. turner†–g. wurst volume 99 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/nhms Manichaeism and Early Christianity SelectedPapersfromthe2019PretoriaCongress andConsultation Editedby JohannesvanOort leiden | boston TheLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableonlineathttp://catalog.loc.gov lcrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/ LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:ManichaeismandearlyChristianity(Conference)(2019:Universityof Pretoria),author.|Oort,J.van(Johannes),editor. Title:ManichaeismandearlyChristianity:selectedpapersfromthe2019Pretoria congressandconsultation/editedbyJohannesvanOort. Description:Leiden;Boston:Brill,[2021]|Series:NagHammadiandManichaean studies,0929-2470;volume99|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. |EnglishandFrench. Identifiers:lccn2020045264(print)|lccn2020045265(ebook)| isbn9789004445451(hardback)|isbn9789004445468(ebook) Subjects:lcsh:Christianityandotherreligions–Manichaeism–Congresses.| Manichaeism–Relations–Christianity–Congresses.|Gnosticism–Congresses. Classification:lccbt1410.m3172019(print)|lccbt1410(ebook)| ddc273/.2–dc23 lcrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020045264 lcebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020045265 TypefacefortheLatin,Greek,andCyrillicscripts:“Brill”.Seeanddownload:brill.com/brill‑typeface. issn0929-2470 isbn978-90-04-44545-1(hardback) isbn978-90-04-44546-8(e-book) Copyright2021byKoninklijkeBrillnv,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillnvincorporatestheimprintsBrill,BrillHes&DeGraaf,BrillNijhoff,BrillRodopi, BrillSense,HoteiPublishing,mentisVerlag,VerlagFerdinandSchöninghandWilhelmFinkVerlag. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedinaretrievalsystem, ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.Requestsforre-useand/ortranslationsmustbe addressedtoKoninklijkeBrillnvviabrill.comorcopyright.com. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperandproducedinasustainablemanner. Contents Preface vii NotesonContributors ix 1 TheReligiousInnovatorTatian:APrecursorofManiinSyrian Christianity? 1 JosefLössl 2 Antithèsesenmutation,deMarcionàMani 24 MichelTardieu 3 TheDiatessaronicSequenceofMani’sSermonontheLifeofChristin theBerlinKephalaia 35 ZsuzsannaGulácsi 4 TheStrangeCaseof‘QuireA’intheDublinKephalaiaCodex:Further ThoughtsonMani’sBookofMysteries,M28iandtheFirstApocalypseof James 51 IainGardner 5 Mani’sBookofMysteries:ATreatiseDeanima 70 DylanM.Burns 6 AManichaeanReadingoftheGospelofThomas 98 RenéFalkenberg 7 “ForonlyourlordtheParacleteiscompetenttopraiseyouasyou deserve”(P.Kell.Gr.63):IdentifyingaRoman-EgyptianPatronofthe ManichaeansinKellis 128 MattiasBrand 8 LesActaArchelaietsesprincipauxpersonnages:Noteshistoriqueset lexicales 152 MadeleineScopello 9 SnakesintheGardenandTaresintheWheatField:EphremofNisibis’ PolemicofLineageagainsttheManichaeans 186 RobertMorehouse vi contents 10 ManichaeisminJohnChrysostom’sHeresiology 225 ChrisL.deWet 11 Augustine’sDepulchroetaptoanditsManichaeanContext 253 JohannesvanOort 12 ThingandArgument:OntheFunctionoftheScenarioinAugustine’sDe beatavita 288 ThereseFuhrer 13 Augustine,Faustus,andtheJews 302 JasonDavidBeDuhn 14 PelagiusagainsttheManichaeans:RealOpponentsorClichéd Heresiology? 324 NilsArnePedersen 15 EvodiusofUzalisandtheDevelopmentofManichaeisminRoman NorthAfrica 351 AäronVanspauwen 16 The‘Children’oftheManichaeans:WanderingExtremeAsceticsinthe RomanEastCompared 374 ReaMatsangou 17 TheAfterlifeofManichaeisminNeoplatonicEducation 401 ByardBennett IndexofAntiqueandModernPersonalNames 433 Preface Thisvolumecontainstheselectedpapersfromthe2019congressandsubse- quentconsultation‘ManichaeismandEarlyChristianity’whichwasorganized as part of the research project ‘Augustine and Manichaeism’ at the Univer- sity of Pretoria. Nine contributions were read and discussed at the Congress that took place from 21–23 March 2019 in Brooklyn, Pretoria; the other con- tributions came from project participants unable to attend in Pretoria but happilywillingtoshedtheirspecialistlightonpartsof thetheme.Allchap- tershavebeenthoroughlypeer-reviewedbythebestexpertsworldwide.The resultisabookthatuniquelyexplorestherelationshipbetweenMani’sreligion (once again it turned out to be essentially a ‘Gnostic’ form of heretic Chris- tianity)anddiverseexpressionsof earlymainstreamandalsoother‘Gnostic’ types of Christendom. In fact, this publication is the first major exploration of alargelyundevelopedfieldof researchthataimstostudytherelationship betweenManichaeismandvariedEarlyChristianity.Nevertheless,allexperts inthedisciplinewillagreethatstillmuchcanandshouldbedoneinthisimpor- tantfield.Tonamejustafewmajorresearchwishes:howwastherelationship betweenMani’sChurchandtheJewish-ChristianElkesaitesoriginallyandlater on?;towhatextentwasAthanasiusacquaintedwithMani’sreligionandprob- ably with Manichaeans in his immediate environments?; to what extent did Manichaeanquestionsinfluencethedevelopmentofthedogmataandconfes- sionalformulasofmainstreamCatholicchurches?;whatabouttheenigmatic writingAdIustinumManichaeumcontraduoprincipiaManichaeorumetdevera carneChristi,oftenascribedtothe—infactnotmuchlessenigmaticandstill understudied—RomanrhetorandChristianMariusVictorinus?Etc.! Theselastobservationsmaynotonlyindicatehowmanyresultscanstillbe expectedinournewandrichfieldofresearch:theymayalsoimplicatetowhat extentwonderfulresultscanalreadybereported.Thisbookbearswitnesstoin- depthresearchintoMani’spredecessors;newlightonsomeofhisownwritings; surprisingresultswhencomparingManichaeantextswithanumberoftheNag Hammadidocuments;anewanalysisof someof therecentKellisfinds;thor- oughexaminationofwritingsbymainstreamChristianauthorswho—whether ornotattestingtouniqueknowledgeof Manichaeanthoughtorwrit—dealt withManichaeanprinciplesandpractices:(Pseudo-)Hegemonius,Ephremthe Syrian, John Chrysostom, Augustine, Pelagius, Evodius of Uzalis, later Greek ecclesiastical writers and even a Neoplatonic inspired philosophical instruc- tionpublishedhereforthefirsttimewithanalysisof itsecclesiasticalsetting inthemanuscripts.Thephilosophicalandtheologicalquestionsemphatically viii preface raisedbytheManichaeanshavedominatedthediscussionsforcenturies,and notleastthewritingsof ChurchFatherAugustineprovideanexampleinthis regardthathashadagreatandevenlastinginfluenceonWesternthought. Thinkingaboutthecontentsofthisbook,thebrightdaysofMarch2019come to mind again. From entirely different places in the world, a unique band of researchers came together for two days of intensive discussion of a dozen in-depthresearchpapers.Fromtheoutsetthisconferencehadbeencalleda ‘congress’,butperhapsbetter—ifthiswouldnothavetriggeredpossiblemisun- derstandingsamongthosewhogofortheliteralmeaningof aword—a‘sym- posium’.Anyway,thedeliciousdiscussionscompletedwithdeliciousmealsand drinks,andfinallyavisittotheCradleofMankindwithalionparkgamedrive, havebecomeunforgettableformany. Theeditorof thiscollectionwouldliketoexpresshisspecialgratitudenot onlytoallwhomadetheirscientificcontributionsthenandlater,butalsotothe DeanofUniversityofPretoria’sFacultyofTheologyandReligion,Prof.JerryPil- lay,forhissupport,andtoitsDeputyDeanandSupervisorof Research,Prof. Ernest van Eck, for opening the conference. The Board of the International Association of Manichaean Studies was so kind as to accept the 2019 Preto- riameetingasoneofitscongressesandbothitsPresident,NilsArnePedersen, andVice-President,JasonBeDuhn,werepresentandactivelyparticipatedin thedeliberations.OurhighlyesteemedcolleagueChrisdeWetfromtheUni- versityof SouthAfrica(unisa)inPretoriagavemanyvaluableadvice.Wilma deWeertwasonceagainagreatsupportatBrill,aswasLouiseSchouten,who evenattendedourconference.TheyoungLeuvendoctorAaronVanspauwen wasofgreathelpincompilinganIndex. Brooklyn,Pretoria, the13thofNovember2020, JvO Notes on Contributors JasonDavidBeDuhn is Professor of Religious Studies at Northern Arizona University. Among his recent publications are Augustine’s Manichaean Dilemma: 1: Conversion and Apostasy,373–388c.e.and2:Makinga‘Catholic’Self,388–401c.e.,Universityof PennsylvaniaPress,2010and2013. ByardBennett isEmeritusProfessorofHistoricalandPhilosophicalTheologyatGrandRapids TheologicalSeminary/CornerstoneUniversity.Hispublicationshavefocused on Greek Christian philosophical texts of the patristic, Byzantine, and post- Byzantineperiods. MattiasBrand isapostdoctoralfellowattheZürichInstitutefortheStudyof Religions.He received his PhD at Leiden University (2019) on ‘The Manichaeans of Kellis: Religion,Community,andEverydayLifeinLateAntiquity’.Hisresearchinter- ests include late antique religion, Manichaeism, Early Christian diversity, as wellasmethodandtheoryinthestudyofreligion. DylanM.Burns is a research associate at Freie Universität Berlin. He has published several books and many articles on Gnosticism, later Greek philosophy, early Chris- tianity,andtheirmodernreception,recentlyincludingNewAntiquities(Equi- nox,2019)andDidGodCare?(Brill,2020). RenéFalkenberg (Aarhus University) is associate professor of NewTestament Studies. He has publishedonPaul,Manichaeism,andtextsfromNagHammadi.Currentlyhe worksintheBibliaManichaicaProjectandonamonographonEugnostosthe Blessed(nhciii,3andv,1)entitledImmortalamongMortals(Brill). ThereseFuhrer holdstheChairofLatinattheLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMunich.Sheis theauthorandeditorof severalbookssuchas(withMartinHose)Dasantike Drama,München:Beck2017and(withSimoneAdam)Augustinus,ContraAca- demicos,Debeatavita,Deordine(BibliothecaTeubneriana2022),Berlin/Bos- ton:DeGruyter2017. x notes on contributors IainGardner isProfessoroftheHistoryofReligionsattheUniversityofSydney,andaFellow oftheAustralianAcademyofHumanities.HisrecentpublicationsincludeThe Founderof Manichaeism.RethinkingtheLifeof Mani, Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress2020. ZsuzsannaGulácsi isProfessorof ArtHistoryandAsianStudiesatNorthernArizonaUniversity, Flagstaff. She is the author of Manichaean Art in Berlin Collections (Brepols 2001), Mediaeval Manichaean Book Art (Brill 2005), and Mani’s Pictures:The DidacticImagesoftheManichaeansfromSasanianMesopotamiatoUygurCen- tralAsiaandTang-MingChina(Brill2015). JosefLössl isProfessorofReligiousStudiesandTheologyatCardiffUniversity,specializing inthestudyofearlyChristianity,patristicsandLateAntiquity.Heisco-editorof ACompaniontoReligioninLateAntiquity(WileyBlackwell2018)andcurrently workingonacommentaryonTatian’sOratioadGraecosintheseriesKommen- tarzufrühchristlichenApologeten(KfA). ReaMatsangou is a member of the Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthro- pology, University of Thessaly, Greece, and PhD candidate at the University ofLeiden.Mostrecentpublication:‘RealandImaginedManichaeansinGreek PatristicAnti-Manichaica(4th–6thcenturies)’,in:ManichaeismEastandWest (cfm.AnalectaManichaica1),Turnhout:Brepols2017,159–170. RobertMorehouse isanadjunctprofessorofArabicatLibertyUniversity(USA). JohannesvanOort (em.Prof.UtrechtUniversityandRadboudUniversityNijmegen)isanextra- ordinaryProfessorof PatristicsattheUniversityof Pretoria.Amonghismost recentpublicationsisManiandAugustine.CollectedEssaysonMani,Manichae- ismandAugustine,Leiden-Boston:Brill2020. NilsArnePedersen (Aarhus University, Denmark) is an associate professor of Church History. Amonghismostrecentpublications(asseniorauthor)isTheNewTestament GospelsinManichaeanTradition:TheSourcesinSyriac,Greek,Coptic,Middle
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