Manganese in Health and Disease PDF
Preview Manganese in Health and Disease
Manganese in Health and Disease Issues in Toxicology Series Editors: Professor Diana Anderson, University of Bradford, UK Dr Michael Waters, Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc, NC, USA Dr Timothy C Marrs, Edentox Associates, Kent, UK Advisor to the Board: Alok Dhawan, Ahmedabad University, India Titles in the Series: 1: Hair in Toxicology: An Important Bio-Monitor 2: Male-mediated Developmental Toxicity 3: Cytochrome P450: Role in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Drugs and other Xenobiotics 4: Bile Acids: Toxicology and Bioactivity 5: The Comet Assay in Toxicology 6: Silver in Healthcare 7: In Silico Toxicology: Principles and Applications 8: Environmental Cardiology 9: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 1: Ongoing Programs and Exposures 10: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 2: Selected Biomarkers of Current Interest 11: Hormone-Disruptive Chemical Contaminants in Food 12: Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides 13: The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens 14: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 1 15: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 2 16: Aging and Vulnerability to Environmental Chemicals: Age-related Disorders and their Origins in Environmental Exposures 17: Chemical Toxicity Prediction: Category Formation and Read-Across 18: The Carcinogenicity of Metals: Human risk through occupational and environmental exposure 19: Reducing, Refining and Replacing the Use of Animals in Toxicity Testing 20: Advances in Dermatological Sciences 21: Metabolic Profiling: Disease and Xenobiotics 22: Manganese in Health and Disease How to obtain future titles on publication: Astandingorderplanisavailableforthisseries.Astandingorderwillbring delivery of each new volume immediately on publication. For further information please contact: BookSalesDepartment,RoyalSocietyofChemistry,ThomasGrahamHouse, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF, UK Telephone: þ44 (0)1223 420066, Fax: þ44 (0)1223 420247 Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.rsc.org/books Manganese in Health and Disease Edited by Lucio G. Costa University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Email: [email protected] Michael Aschner Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Email: [email protected] IssuesinToxicologyNo.22 PrintISBN:978-1-84973-943-6 PDFeISBN:978-1-78262-238-3 ISSN:1757-7179 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015 Allrightsreserved Apartfromfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchfornon-commercialpurposesorfor privatestudy,criticismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatents Act1988andtheCopyrightandRelatedRightsRegulations2003,thispublicationmaynot bereproduced,storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withouttheprior permissioninwritingofTheRoyalSocietyofChemistryorthecopyrightowner,orinthe caseofreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissuedbytheCopyright LicensingAgencyintheUK,orinaccordancewiththetermsofthelicencesissuedbythe appropriateReproductionRightsOrganizationoutsidetheUK.Enquiriesconcerning reproductionoutsidethetermsstatedhereshouldbesenttoTheRoyalSocietyof Chemistryattheaddressprintedonthispage. TheRSCisnotresponsibleforindividualopinionsexpressedinthiswork. Theauthorshavesoughttolocateownersofallreproducedmaterialnotintheirown possessionandtrustthatnocopyrightshavebeeninadvertentlyinfringed. PublishedbyTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry, ThomasGrahamHouse,SciencePark,MiltonRoad, CambridgeCB40WF,UK RegisteredCharityNumber207890 Forfurtherinformationseeourwebsiteatwww.rsc.org Preface Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust andpresentindrinkingwaterandinfood.Asanessentialtraceelement,Mn is required for multiple biochemical and cellular reactions, and is a neces- sary component for numerous metallo-enzymes, such as Mn superoxide dismutase, arginase, phosphoenol-pyruvate decarboxylase, and glutamine synthase, to name a few. Despiteitsessentiality,exposurestohighlevelsofMnfromoccupational, iatrogenic,medical,andenvironmentalexposuresmaycontributetohuman morbidity. Excessive Mn accumulation in the brain, primarily in basal ganglia, may cause clinical signs and morphological lesions analogous to thoseseeninParkinson’sdisease(PD).Othertissuesmaybeaffectedaswell. Mn intoxication cases were originally described over two centuries ago. Manganism,resultingfromexposuretoexceedinglyhighlevelsofthismetal, was originally described by James Couper (1837), providing insight into the adverse neurological effects in five Scottish men employed in grinding Mn dioxideore.AsMnbegantobeusedmorewidelyinthesteelalloyindustry, more cases were recognized, with stronger epidemiological evidence impli- catingMninanumberofneurologicaldiseases.Contemporaryexposuresto Mn at levels described by Couper are rare, yet concerns about the health effects of Mn remain, given its abundant occurrence and the potential ex- posures throughout various life-stages. This book, to our knowledge, is the first multidisciplinary scientific en- deavortoaddressthehealtheffectsofMn.Itaimstoprovidestate-of-the-art informationanddeepentheunderstandingofMn’sadversehealtheffects.It commenceswithadescriptiononvariouspathwaysforMnabsorption(lung, gastrointestinal tract, olfactory pathway), followed by its nutritional needs, toxicokineticsandtoxicodynamics.Alargesectionofthebookisdevotedto its adverse effects, emphasizing cellular and molecular mechanisms of IssuesinToxicologyNo.22 ManganeseinHealthandDisease EditedbyLucioG.CostaandMichaelAschner rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015 PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org vii viii Preface toxicityinahostoftissuesandorgans,particularlythenervoussystem,with emphasisonsensitivitytoMnatvariouslife-stages.Weconcludewithalist ofresearchneedsthatwillfurtherimproveourunderstandingoftheroleof Mn both in health and disease. We called upon internationally recognized experts on Mn to address and facilitate the understanding of its role in health and disease, making a valiant attempt to provide as broad and multidisciplinary approach as possible. Our goal was to assemble a series of chapters that advance the latestdevelopmentsandscientificbreakthroughsinthisfast-pacedresearch area,andtoprovideinformationthatshouldbeofinteresttoriskassessors, neurobiologists, and neurotoxicologists, as well as metal and trace element biologists. We are hopeful that the book offers the reader appreciation and renewed sense on contemporary issues in Mn research. We are indebted to the authors for their contributions and hope that, as a reader, whether you are a novice or a seasoned Mn researcher, the knowledge amassed herein will stimulate and transform your novel ideas into better understanding on the role of this unique metal in health and disease. Michael Aschner Lucio G. Costa Contents Chapter 1 Manganese Transport, Trafficking and Function in Invertebrates 1 Amornrat Naranuntarat Jensen and Laran T. Jensen 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Function of Manganese in Biological Systems 2 1.2.1 Manganese Metalloenzymes 2 1.2.2 Non-Protein Manganese Antioxidants 2 1.2.3 Manganese and Bacterial Virulence 4 1.3 Manganese Transport in Bacteria 4 1.3.1 Bacterial Manganese Uptake Systems 4 1.3.2 Bacterial Manganese Efflux 8 1.3.3 RegulationofBacterialManganeseTransport 8 1.4 Manganese Transport in Yeast 10 1.4.1 Yeast High Affinity Manganese Uptake, Smf1p and Smf2p 10 1.4.2 Manganese and Phosphate Coupled Uptake in Yeast, Pho84p 12 1.4.3 IntracellularManganeseDistributioninYeast 13 1.4.4 Regulation of Yeast Manganese Transporters 15 1.5 Manganese Transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 19 1.5.1 NrampManganeseTransportersinC.elegans 19 1.5.2 Regulationof C. elegans Nramp Transporters by Manganese 20 1.5.3 Intracellular Manganese Transporters in C. elegans 20 1.6 Conclusions 21 References 21 IssuesinToxicologyNo.22 ManganeseinHealthandDisease EditedbyLucioG.CostaandMichaelAschner rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015 PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org ix
The list of books you might like
