Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Infectious Disease Essentials

561 Pages·2016·6.36 MB·English

by  John E. Bennett

ESSENTIALS
JOHN E. BENNETT
RAPHAEL DOLIN
MARTIN J. BLASER
ELSEVIER
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2015v1.0
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s
Infectious Disease
ESSENTIALS
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s
Infectious Disease
ESSENTIALS
JOHN E. BENNETT, MD, MACP
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine
Bethesda, Maryland
RAPHAEL DOLIN, MD
Maxwell Finland Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics)
Harvard Medical School;
Attending Physician
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center;
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
MARTIN J. BLASER, MD
Muriel G. and George W. Singer Professor of Translational Medicine
Professor of Microbiology
Director, Human Microbiome Program
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology
New York University School of Medicine
Langone Medical Center
New York, New York
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
MANDELL, DOUGLAS, AND BENNETT’S INFECTIOUS DISEASE ESSENTIALS ISBN: 978-0-323-43101-9
Copyright © 2017 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapters listed below are in public domain; therefore the copyright line for these chapters is: 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.
46: Foodborne Disease by Rajal K. Mody and Patricia M. Griffin
77: Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 (Exanthem Subitum) by Jeffrey I. Cohen
79: Herpes B Virus by Jeffrey I. Cohen
162: Yersinia Species (Including Plague) by Paul S. Mead
204: Trypanosoma Species (American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ Disease): Biology of Trypanosomes by Louis V. Kirchhoff
205: Agents of African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) by Louis V. Kirchhoff
217: Visceral Larva Migrans and Other Uncommon Helminth Infections by Theodore E. Nash
224: Infections Caused by Percutaneous Intravascular Devices by Susan E. Beekmann and David K. Henderson
228: Transfusion- and Transplantation-Transmitted Infections by Matthew J. Kuehnert and Sridhar V. Basavaraju
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Bennett, John E. (John Eugene), 1933- , editor. | Dolin, Raphael, editor. | Blaser, Martin J., editor.
Title: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s infectious disease essentials / [edited by] John E. Bennett, Raphael Dolin,
Martin J. Blaser.
Other titles: Infectious disease essentials
Description: Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2017]
Identifiers: LCCN 2015048664 | ISBN 9780323431019 (paperback : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Communicable Diseases | Handbooks
Classification: LCC RA643 | NLM WC 39 | DDC 616.9–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015048664
Senior Content Strategist: Suzanne Toppy
Senior Content Development Manager: Taylor Ball
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson
Book Production Specialist: Kristine Feeherty
Design Direction: Renee Duenow
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Fredrick M. Abrahamian, DO Francisco Averhoff, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB
Director of Education, Department of Emergency Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and
Medicine, Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Sylmar, California Hepatitis A Virus
Bites
Dimitri T. Azar, MD, MBA
Ban Mishu Allos, MD Dean and B.A. Field Chair of Ophthalmologic
Associate Professor, Departments of Medicine Research, Distinguished Professor of
and Preventive Medicine, Division of Infectious Ophthalmology, Pharmacology, and
Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Campylobacter jejuni and Related Species Microbial Conjunctivitis; Microbial Keratitis
Michael A. Apicella, MD Larry M. Baddour, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Medicine; Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Mayo
Iowa City, Iowa Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Neisseria meningitidis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
(Gonorrhea)
Carol J. Baker, MD
Kevin L. Ard, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology, and
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Microbiology, Department of Pediatrics,
Associate Physician, Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Baylor College of
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Medicine; Attending Physician, Texas Children’s
Massachusetts Hospital, Houston, Texas
Pulmonary Manifestations of Human Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Ronald C. Ballard, MSB, PhD
Cesar A. Arias, MD, MSc, PhD Associate Director for Laboratory Science, Center
Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control
Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis, Granuloma
Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Inguinale)
Houston, Houston, Texas; Director, Molecular
Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Scott D. Barnes, MD
Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia Chief, Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Clinic,
Enterococcus Species, Streptococcus gallolyticus Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg,
Group, and Leuconostoc Species North Carolina
Microbial Conjunctivitis; Microbial Keratitis
Michael H. Augenbraun, MD
Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of
Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine,
SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
New York
Genital Skin and Mucous Membrane Lesions;
Urethritis; Vulvovaginitis and Cervicitis
v
vi
Dan H. Barouch, MD, PhD J. David Beckham, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant Professor, Departments of Medicine,
rs Director, Center for Virology and Vaccine Neurology, and Microbiology, Division of
o
t Research, Staff Physician, Beth Israel Deaconess Infectious Diseases, Director, Infectious Disease
u
b Medical Center; Associate Physician, Brigham Fellowship Training Program, Medical Director,
tri and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Occupational Health, University of Colorado
on Adenoviruses Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
C Encephalitis
Alan D. Barrett, PhD
Director, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Susan E. Beekmann, RN, MPH
Professor, Departments of Pathology and University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,
Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Iowa City, Iowa
Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas Infections Caused by Percutaneous Intravascular
Flaviviruses (Dengue, Yellow Fever, Japanese Devices
Encephalitis, West Nile Encephalitis, St. Louis
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Kyasanur Beth P. Bell, MD, MPH
Forest Disease, Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever, Director, National Center for Emerging and
Zika) Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Miriam Baron Barshak, MD Hepatitis A Virus
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School; Associate Physician, Department of John E. Bennett, MD, MACP
Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Uniformed
Boston, Massachusetts Services University of the Health Sciences, F.
Pancreatic Infection Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Bethesda,
Maryland
Sridhar V. Basavaraju, MD Chronic Meningitis
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, Georgia Dennis A. Bente, DVM, PhD
Transfusion- and Transplantation-Transmitted Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology
Infections and Immunology, University of Texas Medical
Branch, Galveston, Texas
Byron E. Batteiger, MD California Encephalitis, Hantavirus Pulmonary
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Syndrome, and Bunyavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers
Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Elie F. Berbari, MD
Indianapolis, Indiana Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Chlamydia trachomatis (Trachoma, Genital Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Infections, Perinatal Infections, and Osteomyelitis
Lymphogranuloma Venereum)
Adarsh Bhimraj, MD
Stephen G. Baum, MD Head, Section of Neurologic Infectious Diseases,
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine
Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,
Medicine, Bronx, New York Ohio
Mumps Virus Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt and Drain Infections
Arnold S. Bayer, MD Alan L. Bisno, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine,
Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Miami Miller School of Medicine;
UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Associate Chief, Staff Physician, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical
Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Center, Miami, Florida
Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Senior Nonsuppurative Poststreptococcal Sequelae:
Investigator, St. John’s Cardiovascular Research Rheumatic Fever and Glomerulonephritis
Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research
Institute, Torrance, California
Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections
vii
Brian G. Blackburn, MD John C. Boothroyd, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Professor of Microbiology and Immunology,
Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, C
o
Stanford University School of Medicine; California n
t
Attending Physician, Department of Internal Toxoplasma gondii rib
Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and u
Geographic Medicine, Stanford Hospital and Patrick J. Bosque, MD to
r
Clinics, Stanford, California Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, s
Free-Living Amebae University of Colorado Denver School of
Medicine; Neurologist, Department of Medicine,
Lucas S. Blanton, MD Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Prions and Prion Diseases of the Central Nervous
Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, System (Transmissible Neurodegenerative
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Diseases)
Texas
Rickettsia rickettsii and Other Spotted Fever John Bower, MD
Group Rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio
and Other Spotted Fevers); Rickettsia prowazekii Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
(Epidemic or Louse-Borne Typhus); Rickettsia typhi Croup in Children (Acute
(Murine Typhus) Laryngotracheobronchitis); Bronchiolitis
Martin J. Blaser, MD Robert W. Bradsher, Jr., MD
Muriel G. and George W. Singer Professor of Ebert Professor of Medicine, Department of
Translational Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Microbiology, Director, Human Microbiome University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences,
Program, Departments of Medicine and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System,
Microbiology, New York University School of Little Rock, Arkansas
Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, Blastomycosis
New York
Campylobacter jejuni and Related Species; Kevin E. Brown, MD, MRCP
Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Helicobacter Consultant Medical Virologist, Virus Reference
Species Department, Public Health England,
Microbiology Services, London, United Kingdom
Thomas P. Bleck, MD Human Parvoviruses, Including Parvovirus B19V
Professor of Neurological Sciences, Neurosurgery, and Human Bocaparvoviruses
Medicine, and Anesthesiology, Rush Medical
College; Associate Chief Medical Officer (Critical Patricia D. Brown, MD
Care), Associate Vice President, Director, Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal
Laboratory of Electroencephalography and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne
Evoked Potentials, Rush University Medical State University School of Medicine; Corporate
Center, Chicago, Illinois Vice President of Quality and Patient Safety,
Rabies (Rhabdoviruses); Tetanus (Clostridium Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
tetani); Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Infections in Injection Drug Users
David A. Bobak, MD Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, MS,
Associate Professor of Medicine, Associate Chair MT(ASCP)SM
for Clinical Affairs, Division of Infectious Research Assistant Professor, Microbiology,
Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Supervisor, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory,
Reserve University School of Medicine; Director, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler,
Traveler’s Healthcare Center, Chair, Health System Texas
Medication Safety and Therapeutics Committee, Infections Caused by Nontuberculous
Staff Physician, Transplant Infectious Diseases Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium avium
Clinic, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Complex
Cleveland, Ohio
Nausea, Vomiting, and Noninflammatory Diarrhea Roberta L. Bruhn, MS, PhD
Staff Scientist, Department of Epidemiology,
William Bonnez, MD Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco,
Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, California
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Rochester, New York
Papillomaviruses
viii
Amy E. Bryant, PhD Sharon C-A. Chen, MBBS, PhD
Research Career Scientist, Infectious Diseases Clinical Associate Professor, University of Sydney
rs Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales,
o
t Idaho Australia; Senior Staff Specialist, Centre for
u
b Streptococcus pyogenes Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead
tri Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
on Eileen M. Burd, PhD Nocardia Species
C Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Anthony W. Chow, MD
Medicine; Director, Clinical Microbiology, Emory Professor Emeritus, Department of Internal
University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Other Gram-Negative and Gram-Variable Bacilli University of British Columbia; Honorary
Consultant, Department of Internal Medicine,
Jane C. Burns, MD Division of Infectious Diseases, Vancouver
Professor of Pediatrics, University of California Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California Infections of the Oral Cavity, Neck, and Head
Kawasaki Disease
Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD
Larry M. Bush, MD Chief, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National
Affiliated Associate Professor of Medicine, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
JFK Medical Center, Palm Beach County, Florida; Introduction to Herpesviridae; Human
Affiliated Professor of Medicine, Charles E. Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 (Exanthem Subitum);
Schmidt School of Medicine, Florida Atlantic Herpes B Virus
University, Boca Raton, Florida
Peritonitis and Intraperitoneal Abscesses Myron S. Cohen, MD
Yergin-Bates Eminent Professor of Medicine,
Luz Elena Cano, PhD Microbiology, and Epidemiology, Director,
Head of Medical and Experimental Mycology Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases,
Group, Corporación para Investigaciones University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Biológicas; Titular Professor, Microbiology Chapel Hill, North Carolina
School, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, The Acutely Ill Patient with Fever and Rash
Colombia
Paracoccidioidomycosis Lawrence Corey, MD
Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Charles C. J. Carpenter, MD University of Washington School of Medicine;
Professor of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical President and Director, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
School of Brown University; Attending Physician, Research Center, Seattle, Washington
Division of Infectious Diseases, Miriam Hospital, Herpes Simplex Virus
Providence, Rhode Island
Other Pathogenic Vibrios Timothy L. Cover, MD
Professor of Medicine, Professor of Pathology,
Mary T. Caserta, MD Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester University Medical Center; Veterans Affairs
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville,
New York Tennessee
Pharyngitis; Acute Laryngitis Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Helicobacter
Species
Elio Castagnola, MD
Infectious Diseases Unit, Istituto Giannina Kent B. Crossley, MD, MHA
Gaslini, Genova, Italy Professor, Department of Medicine, University of
Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Minnesota Medical School; Chief of Staff,
Cancer Patients Minneapolis Veterans Administration Healthcare
System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Richard E. Chaisson, MD Infections in the Elderly
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and
International Health, Johns Hopkins University Clyde S. Crumpacker II, MD
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
General Clinical Manifestations of Human Attending Physician, Division of Infectious
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (Including Acute Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Retroviral Syndrome and Oral, Cutaneous, Renal, Boston, Massachusetts
Ocular, Metabolic, and Cardiac Diseases) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
ix
Bart J. Currie, MBBS, DTM&H Gregory P. DeMuri, MD
Professor in Medicine, Department of Infectious Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin
Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital; Global and School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending C
o
Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Physician, American Family Children’s Hospital, n
t
Health Research, Darwin, Australia Madison, Wisconsin rib
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia Sinusitis u
mallei: Melioidosis and Glanders to
Robin Dewar, PhD rs
Erika D’Agata, MD, MPH Principal Scientist, Leidos Biomedical Research—
Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown Frederick, National Cancer Institute—Frederick,
University; Department of Medicine, Division of Frederick, Maryland
Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Providence, Rhode Island Infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other
Pseudomonas Species James H. Diaz, MD, MPHTM, DrPH
Professor of Public Health and Preventive
Inger K. Damon, MD, PhD Medicine, School of Public Health, Louisiana
Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Department of State University Health Sciences Center, New
Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Orleans, Louisiana
Director, Division of High-Consequence Introduction to Ectoparasitic Diseases; Lice
Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease (Pediculosis); Scabies; Myiasis and Tungiasis;
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Mites, Including Chiggers; Ticks, Including Tick
Orthopoxviruses: Vaccinia (Smallpox Vaccine), Paralysis
Variola (Smallpox), Monkeypox, and Cowpox;
Other Poxviruses That Infect Humans: Jules L. Dienstag, MD
Parapoxviruses (Including Orf Virus), Molluscum Dean for Medical Education, Carl W. Walter
Contagiosum, and Yatapoxviruses Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Rabih O. Darouiche, MD Boston, Massachusetts
VA Distinguished Service Professor, Departments Viral Hepatitis
of Medicine, Surgery, and Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Raphael Dolin, MD
Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Maxwell Finland Professor of Medicine
Texas (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics), Harvard
Infections in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Medical School; Attending Physician, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center; Brigham and
Roberta L. DeBiasi, MD Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Acting Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Nipah, Hendra, and
Diseases, Children’s National Medical Center; Menangle; Noroviruses and Sapoviruses
Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology, (Caliciviruses); Astroviruses and Picobirnaviruses
Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George
Washington University School of Medicine; Michael S. Donnenberg, MD
Principal Investigator, Center for Clinical and Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and
Translational Science, Children’s Research Immunology, University of Maryland School of
Institute, Washington, DC Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Orthoreoviruses and Orbiviruses; Coltiviruses and Enterobacteriaceae
Seadornaviruses
Gerald R. Donowitz, MD
George S. Deepe, Jr., MD Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases/
Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, International Health, Department of Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Acute Pneumonia
Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)
Philip R. Dormitzer, MD, PhD
Andrew S. Delemos, MD Head of U.S. Research, Global Head of Virology,
Transplant Hepatologist, Carolinas Healthcare Vice President, Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge,
System, Charlotte, North Carolina Massachusetts
Viral Hepatitis Rotaviruses