Managing International Connectivity, Diversity of Learning and Changing Labour Markets: East Asian Perspectives PDF
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Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance Ka Ho Mok Editor Managing International Connectivity, Diversity of Learning and Changing Labour Markets East Asian Perspectives Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance Series editors Angela Yung Chi Hou, Taipei, Taiwan Akiyoshi Yonezawa, Sendai, Japan Sheng-Ju Chan, Chiayi, Taiwan Ka Ho Mok, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China Aims and Scopes This book series presents the most important quality issues and the current developments of higher education in Asian nations from multi-perspectives— academics, university managers, QA bodies, governments and students. It makes comparisons on these matters among Asian higher education systems, institutions, andQAagencies,drawingonavailabledata-setswithspecialemphasisonQuality, Excellence and Governance. The series attempts to incorporate the most important quality issues and the current developments in Asian nations from multi-perspectives—academics, university managers, QA bodies, governments and students into three major dimensions—quality, excellence and governance. The scope of Asian region includesfourareas: EastAsia,SouthAsia,MiddleEastAsiaandtheislandPacific nations. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11872 Ka Ho Mok Editor Managing International Connectivity, Diversity of Learning and Changing Labour Markets East Asian Perspectives 123 Editor Ka HoMok Department ofSociology andSocial Policy Lingnan University Hong Kong China ISSN 2365-6352 ISSN 2365-6360 (electronic) Higher Educationin Asia: Quality,Excellence andGovernance ISBN978-981-10-1734-6 ISBN978-981-10-1736-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1736-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016945838 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingaporePteLtd. Acknowledgements With a strong conviction to promote international research cooperation and inter- nationalization of higher education, the editor of the present volume and his team haveactivelyengagedinorganizingdifferentkindsofinternationalresearchevents to critically examine how and what major strategies that governments and educa- tionalinstitutionsinEastAsiahaveadoptedtotransformtheireducationsystemsto enhance their global competitiveness. This volume is developed from selected papers presented at the 2013 Annual Conference of The Hong Kong Educational Research Association with a theme of “Managing International Connectivity and Diversity: Experiences of Asian World Cities”, the 10th East Asia Social Policy (EASP) Conference organized successfully at Beijing Normal University in July 2013,aswellasanotherinternationalconferencerelatedtothethemeof“Managing Global Cities: Enhancing Hub Status and Implications for Education and Development”, which was successfully held at the Hong Kong Institute of Education in February 2014. These papers address different aspects of human capital management, particularly how different East Asian economies have reformedtheirhighereducationsystemstoachieveexcellence andmaintain global competitiveness. Researchers and scholars who presented at these conferences debated on issues related to the growing challenges of urbanization in East Asia, especially the effects of the massification and privatization of higher education in the region. The editor would like to thank the Hong Kong Educational Research Association(HKERA)oftheEastAsiaSocialPolicyResearchNetwork(EASP)for creating a great international platform for researchers and academics coming from different parts of the world to engage in debates and discussions related to managing international connectivity, social mobility, graduate employment and diversity of learning. The editor also extends his appreciation to One Asia Foundation, Research Grants Council and Trade and Industry Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) for v vi Acknowledgements supporting the above conferences and research events. Particular thanks go to the useful comments provided by external reviewers and we have benefitted a lot duringtheeditorialprocessofthepresentbook.TheeditoralsothanksDr.Vincent Wen and Dr. Huiwen Deng for their assistance in preparing the whole manuscript for publication. Contents 1 Promoting International Connectivity and Seeking Global Competitiveness: Issues and Challenges.. .... .... .... ..... .... 1 Ka Ho Mok Part I Recent Trends and Development 2 Widely Recognized Problems, Controversial Solutions: Issues and Strategies for Higher Education Development in East and Southeast Asia . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 25 David Chapman and Jouko Sarvi 3 Internationalization and Transnationalization of Higher Education: A Review of the Asia Pacific Region... .... ..... .... 47 Ka Ho Mok and Xiao Han 4 Qualification Recognition of Joint Degrees in Europe and Asia in the Era of Massification .... .... .... .... ..... .... 73 Angela Yung-chi Hou Part II Managing Global Competition and Regional Responses 5 Higher Education Activities in World Cities: A Spatial Study of Global Leadership and Connectivity. .... .... ..... .... 91 Alice S.Y. Chow and Becky P.Y. Loo 6 Global City Tokyo and the Lives of University Academics in Japan.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 105 Akiyoshi Yonezawa, Kaoru Sato and Ginko Kawano vii viii Contents 7 Higher Education Industry in Hong Kong and Singapore: Reflections on a Decade of Expansion... .... .... .... ..... .... 123 William Yat Wai Lo 8 Singapore as a Global Schoolhouse: A Critical Review . ..... .... 135 Eng Thye Jason Tan Part III International Connectivity and Managing Diversity in Student Learning 9 Getting Connected with the Global World: The Promotion of Internationalization in University Campuses in Hong Kong and China .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 151 Li Wang and Xiao Han 10 Comparison of Student Experiences in the Era of Massification: Analysis of Student Data from Japan, Korea and the USA... .... 169 Reiko Yamada 11 Perceived Discrimination and Integration Among New Arrivals from Mainland China: Implications for Higher Education Development for Hong Kong .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 187 Isabella F.S. Ng, Kee Lee Chou and Winky K.F. Wong Part IV Managing Labour Market Changes and Employment 12 Massification of Higher Education and Labour Market: The Case of Taiwan .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 201 Sheng-Ju Chan 13 Massification of Higher Education: Challenges for Admissions and Graduate Employment in China.... .... .... .... ..... .... 219 Ka Ho Mok and Jin Jiang 14 Teaching the Dragon? The Diffusion of European Union’s Social and Employment Policies to China. .... ..... .... 245 Minna van Gerven and Yang Weiguo Chapter 1 Promoting International Connectivity and Seeking Global Competitiveness: Issues and Challenges Ka Ho Mok 1.1 Introduction Aiming to promote international research cooperation and internationalization of higher education, the author and his team have actively engaged in organizing different types of international research events to critically examine the major strategies that governments and educational institutions in East Asia have adopted to transform their education systems, and ultimately enhance their global compet- itiveness. This volume is developed from select papers presented at three confer- ences. These conferences include the 2013 Annual Conference of the Hong Kong Educational Research Association, with the theme ‘Managing International ConnectivityandDiversity:ExperiencesofAsianWorldCities’;the10thEastAsia SocialPolicy(EASP)ConferenceatBeijingNormalUniversityinJuly2013;anda Hong Kong Institute of Education conference with the theme ‘Managing Global Cities:EnhancingHubStatusandImplicationsforEducationandDevelopment’,in February 2014. These papers address different aspects of human capital manage- ment, particularly how different East Asian economies have reformed their higher education systems to achieve excellence and maintain global competitiveness. Researchers and scholars who presented at these conferences debated on issues related to the growing challenges of urbanization in East Asia, particularly the effectsofthemassificationandprivatizationofhighereducationintheregion.The principal objective of this introductory chapter is to highlight the major issues and challenges confronting Asian countries when their higher education systems have gone through a few transformative processes, namely massification, privatization andmarketization,aswellasinternationalizationandtransnationalization.Allthese K.H.Mok(&) DepartmentofSociologyandSocialPolicy,LingnanUniversity, 8CastlePeakRoad,TuenMun,HongKong e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2017 1 K.H.Mok(ed.),ManagingInternationalConnectivity,Diversityof LearningandChangingLabourMarkets,HigherEducationinAsia:Quality, ExcellenceandGovernance,DOI10.1007/978-981-10-1736-0_1
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