Managing Diversity in the Global Organization: Creating New Business Values PDF
Preview Managing Diversity in the Global Organization: Creating New Business Values
MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE GLOBAL ORGANIZATION This page intentionally left blank MANAGING DIVERSITY Global in the Organization CREATING NEW BUSINESS VALUES CELIA DE ANCA and ANTONIO VAZQUEZ translation by Andy Goodall © Celia de Anca and Antonio Vázquez 2007 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in Spanish in 2005 by Pearson Educación,S.A. This edition published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13:978–0–230–01882–2 ISBN-10:0–230–01882–3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 Printed and bound in China To Arpad, teacher, mentor, advisor and, above all, a friend Celia To my wife, who has taught me the true richness of diversity Antonio This page intentionally left blank vii Contents List of Figures and Tables x Prologue xi Initial Reflections: Reinventing Yourself in Diversity xiv Structure of the Book xvii Acknowledgements xviii Part One Understanding Diversity 1 Introduction to Part One 3 SECTION 1 BACKGROUND 11 1 Dominant and Rising Values 13 Change and organizations 13 Dominant values and rising values 15 Aim of the company 16 Basic human tendencies 20 Definition of strategy 23 Consequences of business activity 26 Development of people within the organization 28 Attitude to spontaneous impulses 30 Future tendencies 30 2 Diversity in the Historic Perspective of Business Management 33 Business development from its origins to the 16th century 35 Formation of the entrepreneurial spirit from the 16th to the 18th century 36 Consolidation of the modern company from the 18th to the 20th century 39 Development of industrial conglomerates and financial markets 40 The company in the 20th century: the outbreak and growth of business management 41 Business organization as key to the modern company 41 Business management as a science 41 Business management until the 1970s 43 The appearance of the organization man 43 Theories and models of business management 44 The new company and business management from the 1970s 46 Background 46 Paradigm shift 47 viii CONTENTS Theories of business management for the new company 49 Diversity management and the new company 52 Diversity in the new paradigm 52 Management of corporate diversity 53 The company of the 21st century: the century of diversity? 55 SECTION 2 CONTENT 57 3 Gender and Management 59 Current situation 62 Activity rates 62 Access to management 64 Training in management 66 Salary levels 67 Achieving a work–life balance 68 Women and professional life: options and/or choices 68 Gender studies and anthroplogy 69 The influence of gender on management 71 A conclusion: we are complementary 79 4 Culture and Business Management 83 What is culture? 83 Culture and business management 84 Models for explaining how a culture functions 85 Cultural dimensions 86 Problems arising from relationships with other people 86 Problems arising with the passage of time 87 Control of the environment in cultural diversity 89 Cultural dimensions applied to the organization 89 Cultural diversity and nature 91 The reconciliation of opposites 92 How do you acquire cultural competences? 94 Conclusions 96 5 Personality and Diversity Management 97 Archetypes and personality typologies 97 Personal development systems 98 Universal values and cultural influences 107 The complementarity of diversity 109 Conclusion to Part One: The Correlation Between the Values Provided by Diversity and the Values of the New Company 111 Part Two Managing Diversity 117 SECTION 3 POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING CORPORATE DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 119 6 Diversity Management in Today’s Companies 121 The analytical framework of diversity 122 Society level 126 Organization level 135 Individual level 154 CONTENTS ix Diversity and corporate training 156 Conclusions 158 SECTION 4 CASE STUDIES 161 Case 1 JPMorgan Chase & Co in Latin America: The Management of Diversity as a Tool for Developing Human Capital 163 JPMC’s diversity strategy in the US 163 JPMC in Latin America 168 Perspectives 171 Case 2 Corporate Social Responsibility at Grupo Santander 172 Grupo Santander’s social action programs 173 Grupo Santander and corporate social responsibility 173 Commitment to diversity 175 Clients, shareholders, employees, suppliers and society 176 Pending questions 177 Case 3 Diversity in Ford Almussafes – An Example of Adaptation 179 The vehicle sector – a global industry 179 Ford Motor Company 179 Diversity in Ford 181 Diversity strategy 181 Assessment systems 182 Exporting diversity 183 The Ford factory in Valencia, Spain 184 The Valencian perspective on diversity: different realities, different policies 184 Epilogue Ten Concrete Questions for Global Reflection 187 1 Gracia Cardador, Director of Actualidad Económica (Economic News), Spain 189 2 Amparo Moraleda, General manager, IBMSpain, Portugal, Greece, Israel and Turkey 192 3 Rachid Slimi, President of the ONA Foundation and director of general affairs and corporate relations for ONA Group, Morocco 197 4 Marianne C. Toldalagi, Vice-president of the IE Fund, New York 201 5 Luiza Helena Trajano Inàcio, General director Magazine LuizaNetwork, São Paulo, Brazil 206 6 Arpad von Lazar, Member of the International Advisory Board of the Instituto de Empresa, Madrid 210 Appendix: List of Organizations 213 Notes 215 Bibliography 224 Index 231
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