Managing Complex Technical Projects: A Systems Engineering Approach (Artech House Technology Management and Professional Development Library)

271 Pages·2002·0.8 MB·English

by  R. Ian Faulconbridge

Managing Complex Technical Projects:
A Systems Engineering Approach
ForacompletelistingoftheArtechHouseTechnologyManagementand
ProfessionalDevelopmentLibrary,turntothebackofthisbook.
Managing Complex Technical Projects:
A Systems Engineering Approach
R. Ian Faulconbridge
Michael J. Ryan
Artech House
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Faulconbridge,Ian.
Managingcomplextechnicalprojects:asystemsengineeringapproach/IanFaulconbridge,
MichaelRyan.
p.cm.—(ArtechHousetechnologymanagementandprofessionaldevelopmentlibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-378-7(alk.paper)
1.Systemsengineering. 2.Projectmanagement. I.Ryan,M.J.(MichaelJ.)
II.Title. III.Series.
TA168.F292002
658.4’04—dc21 2002032660
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Faulconbridge,Ian
Managingcomplextechnicalprojects:asystemsengineeringapproach.—(ArtechHouse
technologymanagementandprofessionaldevelopmentlibrary)
1.Projectmanagement 2.Systemsengineering
I.Title II.Ryan,Michael
620’.00685
ISBN1-58053-378-7
CoverdesignbyYekaterinaRatner
©2003ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbook
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in-
cludingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,with-
outpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshave
been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa-
tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade-
markorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-378-7
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2002032660
10987654321
Contents
Preface xiii
IntroductiontoSystemsEngineering 1
1.1 WhatIsaSystem? 2
1.2 SystemLifeCycle 5
1.2.1 AcquisitionPhase 6
1.2.2 UtilizationPhase 8
1.3 WhatIsSystemsEngineering? 9
1.3.1 RequirementsEngineering 10
1.3.2 Top-DownApproach 10
1.3.3 FocusonLifeCycle 11
1.3.4 SystemOptimizationandBalance 13
1.3.5 IntegrationofDisciplinesandSpecialties 14
1.3.6 Management 14
1.4 SystemsEngineeringRelevance 15
1.5 SystemsEngineeringBenefits 16
1.6 Analysis,Synthesis,andEvaluation 18
1.6.1 Analysis 19
v
vi ManagingComplexTechnicalProjects:ASystemsEngineeringApproach
1.6.2 Synthesis 20
1.6.3 Evaluation 20
1.7 ASystemsEngineeringFramework 21
1.7.1 SystemsEngineeringProcesses 23
1.7.2 SystemsEngineeringManagement 23
1.7.3 SystemsEngineeringTools 23
1.7.4 RelatedDisciplines 24
Endnotes 24
2 ConceptualDesign 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 IdentifyStakeholderRequirements 30
2.2.1 Stakeholder-RequirementsDocument 30
2.2.2 IdentifyStakeholders 32
2.2.3 IdentifyProjectandEnterpriseConstraints 33
2.2.4 IdentifyExternalConstraints 34
2.2.5 DefineNeed,Goals,andObjectives 34
2.2.6 DefineOperationalScenarios 35
2.2.7 DefineMeasuresofEffectiveness 36
2.2.8 DefineLife-CycleConcepts 36
2.2.9 ConfirmSRDStructure 36
2.2.10 ScopingtheSystem 38
2.2.11 PopulateSRD 40
2.2.12 SRDEndorsement 40
2.2.13 Traceability 41
2.3 System-FeasibilityAnalysis 41
2.4 System-RequirementsAnalysis 43
2.4.1 EstablishRequirementsFramework 45
2.4.2 DefineFunctionalRequirements 47
2.4.3 DefinePerformanceRequirements 49
2.4.4 DefineVerificationRequirements 50
2.4.5 AssignRationale 50
2.4.6 PerformFunctionalAnalysisandAllocation 51
Contents vii
2.4.7 ProduceDraftSystemSpecification 55
2.4.8 DefineTPMs 55
2.4.9 System-RequirementsReviews 58
2.4.10 OtherSystem-LevelConsiderations 59
2.5 System-LevelSynthesis 60
2.6 System-DesignReview 63
Endnotes 65
3 PreliminaryDesign 67
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Subsystem-RequirementsAnalysis 68
3.3 RequirementsAllocation 72
3.4 RBSVersusWBS 80
3.5 InterfaceIdentificationandDesign 82
3.6 Subsystem-LevelSynthesisandEvaluation 85
3.6.1 ReviewSourcesofSubsystemRequirements 85
3.6.2 InvestigatePreliminaryDesignAlternatives 86
3.6.3 MakeOptimalUseofDesignSpace 88
3.6.4 SelectPreferredSolution 93
3.7 PreliminaryDesignReview 94
Endnotes 96
4 DetailedDesignandDevelopment 97
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 DetailedDesignRequirements 98
4.3 DesigningandIntegratingSystemElements 98
4.3.1 DetailedDesignProcess 99
4.3.2 Integration 100
4.3.3 SomeDetailedDesignAids 103
4.4 SystemPrototypeDevelopment 104
viii ManagingComplexTechnicalProjects:ASystemsEngineeringApproach
4.5 DetailedDesignReviews 105
4.5.1 Equipment/SoftwareDesignReviews 105
4.5.2 CriticalDesignReview 106
4.6 ConstructionandProduction 108
4.7 OperationalUseandSystemSupport 112
4.8 PhaseoutandDisposal 117
Endnotes 119
5 SystemsEngineeringManagement 121
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 TechnicalReviewsandAudits 121
5.2.1 MajorReviews 123
5.2.2 MajorAudits 125
5.2.3 TechnicalReviewandAuditManagement 126
5.3 SystemTestandEvaluation 127
5.3.1 DevelopmentalTestandEvaluation 129
5.3.2 AcceptanceTestandEvaluation 130
5.3.3 OperationalTestandEvaluation 131
5.3.4 TestManagement 132
5.3.5 TestingActivitiesandtheSystemLifeCycle 132
5.3.6 TEMP 137
5.4 TechnicalRiskManagement 139
5.4.1 RiskIdentification 140
5.4.2 RiskQuantification 141
5.4.3 Risk-ResponseDevelopmentandControl 142
5.4.4 Risk-ManagementDocumentation 143
5.5 ConfigurationManagement 144
5.5.1 EstablishingtheBaselines 145
5.5.2 Configuration-ManagementFunctions 145
5.5.3 Configuration-ManagementDocumentation 151
5.6 SpecificationsandStandards 152
Contents ix
5.6.1 Specifications 153
5.6.2 Standards 156
5.7 IntegrationManagement 157
5.8 SystemsEngineeringManagementPlanning 159
Endnotes 160
6 SystemsEngineeringManagementTools 163
6.1 Standards 163
6.2 MIL-STD-499BSystemsEngineering(Draft) 164
6.2.1 GeneralStandardContent 164
6.2.2 SystemsEngineeringProcess 166
6.2.3 ContentoftheMIL-STD-499BSEMP 166
6.2.4 AdditionalInformationandRequirements 168
6.2.5 Summary 170
6.3 EIA/IS-632SystemsEngineering 171
6.3.1 GeneralStandardContent 171
6.3.2 SystemsEngineeringProcess 171
6.3.3 ContentoftheEIA/IS-632SEMP 172
6.3.4 OtherInformationandRequirements 172
6.3.5 Summary 172
6.4 IEEE1220(TrialUse)andIEEE1220-IEEE
StandardforApplicationandManagementof
theSystemsEngineeringProcess 173
6.4.1 GeneralStandardContent 173
6.4.2 IEEE1220Life-CycleModel 175
6.4.3 SystemsEngineeringProcess 177
6.4.4 ContentoftheIEEE1220EngineeringPlan 178
6.4.5 AdditionalMaterialandRequirements 179
6.4.6 Summary 179
6.5 ANSI/EIA-632-ProcessesforEngineeringaSystem 179
6.5.1 ANSI/EIA-632Processes 180
6.5.2 ANSI/EIA-632Requirements 181
x ManagingComplexTechnicalProjects:ASystemsEngineeringApproach
6.5.3 ANSI/EIA-632Concepts 183
6.5.4 ANSI/EIA-632Annexes 186
6.5.5 Summary 187
6.6 OtherUsefulDocuments 187
6.6.1 TechnicalReviewsandAudits 188
6.6.2 SystemsEngineeringStandards 188
6.6.3 ConfigurationManagement 188
6.6.4 SpecificationStandards 189
6.6.5 WorkBreakdownStructures 189
6.7 CapabilityMaturityModels 189
6.8 SEI—SystemsEngineeringCapabilityMaturity
Model 191
6.8.1 SE-CMMFoundation 192
6.8.2 ProcessAreas 192
6.8.3 CapabilityLevels 192
6.8.4 Summary 194
6.9 CMMIntegration 194
Endnotes 196
7 SystemsEngineeringProcessTools 199
7.1 AnalysisTools—RequirementsEngineering 199
7.1.1 WhatIsaRequirement? 200
7.1.2 RequirementsEngineering 200
7.1.3 RequirementsDocumentation 209
7.1.4 AutomatedRequirements-ManagementTools 210
7.1.5 DifficultiesinDevelopingRequirements 212
7.2 Synthesis—VariousTools 214
7.2.1 SchematicBlockDiagrams 214
7.2.2 PhysicalModeling 215
7.2.3 MathematicalModelingandSimulation 216
7.3 Evaluation—Trade-offAnalysis 217
Endnotes 222