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363.7 M2666 Illinois Adanaging and Reducing Environmental Protection Agency Parts Washer Xtfastes Office ofSnuil/Business Informationpresentedinthispublicationisintendedtoprovideageneralunderstandingofthestatutoryanaregulatoryrequirements governingpartswashing. Thisinformationisnotintendedtoreplace,limitorexpanduponthecompletestatutoryandregulatoryrequirements foundintheIllinoisEnvironmentalProtectionActandTitle35oftheIllinoisAdministrativeCodeofRegulations. What is a parts washer? % TIP f Parts washers are commonly used in manufacturing WHERECAN FIND MOREINFORMATION? I or maintenance operations toclean parts orcompo- nents. Parts washers include cold cleaning units, A material safety data sheet (MSDS) presents vapor degreasers and conveyorized degreasers. some of the information necessary to make a Cleaning solutions used in parts washers include: hazard classification and determinethe proper disposalmethodformostcommercialproductsand chemicals. Askyourvendorforinformationabout • Solvents: Solvents clean bydissolving away the characteristics ofthe productsyou use and dirt. Solvents include petroleum-based foracopyofthe MSDS. solvents such as mineral spirits, Stoddard solvent, and petroleum naptha, and organic solvents such as trichloroethane, trichloreth- What are my hazardous waste regulation ylene, benzene, and xylenes. requirements? • Aqueous Cleaners: Aqueous cleaners are pH-neutral oralkaline water-based solutions Is my spent parts washer cleaning solution a hazardouswaste? that break down and remove dirt from part surfaces. Semi-aqueous solutions that contain small amounts of solvents are also Spent parts washercleaning solution is hazardous if one or more of the following applies: available. Why are parts washers a concern? • Flashpoint of less than 140’F •Contains solvents on the Illinois Environ- mental Protection Agency (EPA) Parts washers use cleaning solutions that eventu- hazardous waste ally become spent and must be disposed of. Spent list parts washer cleaning solutions are considered a • pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5 special waste in Illinois because they may be • Contains toxic metals or organic hazardous and are an industrial process waste. The chemicals above regulatory limits fact sheet “Do Have a Special Waste?” explains I special wastes in Illinois. In addition, parts washers Spentsolventsarealmost alwaysa hazardouswaste. Most commonly used solvents have flashpoints generate other wastes such as rags, filters, and sludge. This fact sheetwill below 140°F, making them highly ignitable. A spent help you properly manage - ' ; * solvent can also be a hazardous waste listed on the your parts washer wastes, Illinois EPA hazardous waste list, which means that comply with regulations sn it contains organic solvents that have been applicableto partswashers, and 1 identifiedas being hazardous bythe Illinois EPA. The reduce wastes generated. wastes include solvents such astetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ILLINOIS depository ketone, and benzene. Spent solvents are also usually hazardous because they contain toxic 2 5 2007 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS rtTriaRmzi* PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE ENVIRONMENT OF ILLINOIS metals such as chromium and lead from parts and HAVE YOU CONSIDERED equipment cleaned in the parts washer. AQUEOUS PARTS WASHERS? Although most aqueouscleaners are nonflammable Aqueous cleaning has the following and nontoxic when purchased, they can qualify as advantages overusingsolvents: hazardous waste after extended use because they may contain toxic metals from the parts and Lowerhazardous waste generation and equipment cleaned in the parts washer. Spent management costs aqueous cleaners can also be hazardous for Less workerexposure totoxicchemicals corrosivity if the pH is less than 2 or greater than Equal or bettercleaning performance 12.5. Spent aqueous cleaning solutions may also Reduction in cleaning laborwith some be hazardous if they are contaminated with listed aqueous cleaning units hazardoussolventsorothertoxicorganiccompounds Large cleaning capacities applied to parts before washing, such as from Elimination offire hazards aerosol sprays. For more information on listed Longer solution life hazardous solvents, toxic metals, and toxic organic compounds, contact the Illinois EPA Office of Small Business (Office of Small Business). sheet titled “Do Have a Special Waste?” describes Are my other parts washing wastes hazardous? how you deterImine you generate hazardous if wastes. Contact the Office of Small Business for Both solvent and aqueous parts washers generate more information on classifying yourwastes. sludge, which is usually hazardous because it contains toxic metals and solvents from the parts What are mywaste management requirements? cleaned. Rags used to wipe parts off after being washed are also hazardous if they contain toxic If your parts washing wastes are hazardous, the metals at concentrations exceeding regulatory limits following requirementsapply: or listed hazardous solvents. • Hazardous liquids, filters, and sludge must Many parts washers use filters that must be periodi- be managed by a hazardous waste trans- cally changed. You need to determine if your used porterand disposal companyin accordance filters are hazardous by using the same process you with hazardous waste guidelines. used to determine if yoursolvent is hazardous. • Rags can be managed by a The skimmed oil may contain hazardous waste. commercial laundry service However, you may still be able to manage it as used orhazardouswastedisposal oil. The fact sheet titled “How Do I Manage My Used company. Ragswithoutfree- Oil?” explains used oil mixtures. flowing liquid sent to a commercial laundry service do not need to be accompanied by a What if I can’tdetermine if my parts manifest. washerwastes are hazardous ornonhazardous? your wastes are nonhazardous, the following If requirements apply: you cannot determine If if your spent cleaning solution • Nonhazardous spent aqueous cleaning orotherpartswashing wastes solutions can be discharged to your city are hazardous, you need to sewersystem ifcertain requirementsare met. have them analyzed for See the water regulations section below for ignitability, pH, listed hazard- requirements. ous solvents, toxic metals, UNIVERSITY OF and toxic organics. The fact ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 2 BOOKSTACKS TOGETHER WE CAN PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE ENVIRONMENT OF ILLINOIS Non-liquid industrial process wastes your local POTW to find out their requirements. The such as filters or rags that are not discharge ofcleaning solutions tothe sanitary sewer hazardous can be certified as also requiresa permit from Illinois EPA. Spent parts nonspecial waste in Illinois and washer cleaners, both solvents and aqueous disposed of as general refuse. cleaners, should never be discharged to a septic Requirements for this certification are system or storm watersewer. For more information explained in the fact sheet titled “Do Have on permits and other water regulations that apply to I a Special Waste?”. your business, contactthe Office of Small Business. • Used filters from aqueous parts washers What do I need to know should be drained to remove all free-flowing about air regulations? liquid. The drained filters can be managed in the same manner as non-liquid filters. If All cold-cleaning, open-top they are not drained or the filters are not vapor degreasing, and certified as nonspecial, these used filters conveyorized degreasing should be managed as special waste. operations that use organic solvents must meet organic material emissions standardsand limitations • Rags without free-flowing liquid can be set forth by the Illinois EPA. These requirements managed by a commercial laundry service are related to operating procedures, equipment ordisposed of as described in the fact sheet limitations, material specifications, and titled “Do Have a Special Waste.” recordkeeping requirements and will vary depend- I ing on where your business is located in Illinois. • Oil skimmed from an aqueous cleaning solution may be managed as used motoroil The National Emission Standards for HazardousAir and recycled. See the fact sheettitled “How Pollutants (NESHAP) Halogenated Solvent Do I Manage My Used Oil” to determine if Cleaning rule applies to facilities in Illinois that use youroil qualifies. one or more of the following four types of cleaning equipment, and one or more of the halogenated The fact sheet titled solvents listed in Table 1 at a concentration “How Do Manage My exceeding 5 percent in solution: I Hazardous Waste?” explains howtodetermine • Immersion batch cold-solvent cleaning the type of hazardous waste equipment with acapacity exceeding two generatoryou are and which gallons general hazardouswaste requirements • Remote-reservoir batch cold-solvent apply to you. cleaning equipment of any volume If you lease your parts washer, the servicecompany • Batch vapor cleaning equipment of any may offer a service where they will pick up the volume cleaning solution or solvent when it is spent. Regardless, you are considered the generatorofthe • in-line (continuous) cold orvaporcleaning solid waste and must manage the waste properly. equipmentof anyvolume Is my business affected by water regulations? If your business uses one of the halogenated solvents in Table 1, permitting, work practice, control, performance testing, and reporting Nonhazardousspentaqueouscleaning solutionscan be discharged to the city sewer if they meet local rNeEquSiHreAmPentrsulme.ay aFpoprlymtooryeourinbfuosrimnaetsisounndoenr tahier discharge limits or with permission from the local publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The regulations and how they apply to your business, POTW may require you to treat your cleaning contact the Illinois EPA Office of Small Business. solution before discharging to the sewer. Contact 3 LIBRARYU. OF I. URBANA-CHAMPAIGN TOGETHER WE CAN PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE ENVIRONMENT OF ILLINOIS Table 1. Solvents Affected by NESHAP y Avoid using listed hazardous solvents and prevent Halogenated Solvents Used in a contamination of your Concentration Greater than 5% cleaning solution with listed hazardous solvents by Methylenechloride (dichloromethane) avoiding the use of aerosol spray cans near your parts Perchloroethylene (PCE) washer. Trichoroethylene (TCE) Methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) Reduce wastesbymaximizingyoursolutionlife: Carbon tetrachloride UNIVERSfTYOFILLINOIS-URBAN* Chloroform y Only wash parts when necessary. 3 0112 075668274 Solvents used in cold cleaning operations in the y Keep parts washers closed and away from Chicago and Metro-East St. Louis ozone heat to minimize product loss and air non-attainment zones must meet solvent vapor emissions from evaporation-. pressure requirementsdeveloped bythe Illinois EPA. These requirements limit the solvent vaporpressure y Only change your cleaning to 2.0 millimeters (mm) of mercury. Beginning March solution when it no longer 15, 2001, the solvent vapor pressure limit will be adequately cleans parts. reduced to 1 .0 mm of mercury. The vapor pressure Do notchange yoursolution must be measured at 20°C or 68°F. The sale of on a scheduled basis, and solvents used for cold cleaning in these areas of only allow contract pickups Illinois is restricted to products that meet these when necessary. requirements and requires the seller and the y purchaser to keep records of the solvent purchase Drain your parts thoroughly over the parts for three years. Contact the Illinois Office of Small washer to reduce loss of cleaning solution. Business for more information on cold cleaning solvent requirements and exemptions. y When using aqueous cleaning units, do not change the cleaning solution only because it What are some good management tips for my looksdirty. Manysolutionsturn brown orgray parts washing system? during use, but this discoloration does not affect theircleaning ability. The suggestions below for using less hazardous parts washercleaning solutions and maximizing the y When using aqueous cleaning units, select solution’s life are important pollution prevention unitswithfiltration and oil skimming to remove measures. In addition to environmental protection, solids and oil from aqueous cleaning pollution prevention can reduce operating costs, solutions and extend solution life. protect employees, and improve efficiency. How do obtain more information? Use theleasthazardouscleaningsolutioninyour I parts washer: For more information on parts washers, hazardous waste, water and air regulations and pollution V Check the MSDS sheet before you purchase prevention tips call the Office of Small Business products - always use the least toxic Helpline toll-free at (888) EPA-1996 or the DCCA material. Small Business Environmental Assistance Helpline at (800) 252-3998. All calls are considered confi- / Use a nonignitable parts washer cleaner dential and the caller can remain anonymous. For (flashpoint greaterthan140°F). other information about environmental issues, see the Illinois EPA web page at www.epa.state.il.us. V Use aqueous cleaners instead of solvents. 4 TOGETHER WE CAN PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE ENVIRONMENT OF ILLINOIS