Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India PDF
Preview Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India
MANAGERIALISM FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN SOCIAL LIFE EDITOR: GUNTHER BEYER ADVISORY BOARD P.J. BOUMAN, University of Groningen JEAN GOTTMANN, University of Paris WALTER HOFFMANN, University of Miinster LIVIO LIVI, University of Rome MANAGERIALISM FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Essays on India S. BENJAMIN PRASAD, Ph. D. Associate Professor Ohio University and ANANT R. NEGANDHI, Ph. D. Associate Professor Kent State University I I MARTINUS NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE /1968 ISBN-13:978-94-011-7501-2 e-ISBN-13:978-94-011-7499-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-011-7499-2 © 1968 by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands Softcover reprint oft he hardcover 1st edition 1968 All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form Economic Development is not the main objective of life on this planet ... But as a means it is not to be underrated ... If we want economic developmentfor this pur pose ... we should want also to develop the effectiveness and qual ity of management ... But you could have management without development, but you cannot have development without manage ment. Lord Lionel C. Robbins FOREWORD That a developing economy needs management even more than resources is now becoming abundantly clear to all students of growth. There was perhaps a facile assumption in the earlier years that the rate of growth in a developing country depended in almost direct proportion to two factors: the resources available within the country, the land, water, minerals, savings and other relevant inputs; and the initial importation of aid from without, in terms of capital and skills not available within - but the factor of good management was somehow ignored, as also the attitudes of the people and their leadership to growth. These two factors are now coming into their own as being crucial to development and there is a new appreciation of the need for a good supply of well trained managers and providing them with an environment that is permissive and encouraging. These essays are a timely analysis of this new-felt need, and a valuable source of new leads and hypotheses, for they examine the multi-facets of the problem of India's growth, but with keeping the professional manager squarely in the middle of the study. And after all it is he upon whom the major responsibility for develop ment and growth will depend, given the chance. The contributors to this symposium are seven young Indians, all management educators of distinction at universities in the United States, and one hopes that they will themselves pick up some of the leads and pursue them. P. L. Tandon, Visiting Regents' Lecturer, Chairman, Hindustan Lever Ltd., Graduate School of Business Bombay, India Administration, University of California Los Angeles, California TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . . . VU Preface . .. . X List of Tables. XUl PART 1. MANAGERIALISM: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE 1 1. Introduction . . . . . 3 2. Old Style Management. . . . 8 3. New Breed of Managers . . . 20 4. Relevance of Western Theories 45 5. Applicability of American Management 65 6. Organizational and Manpower Problems. 81 PART II. RELATED DIMENSIONS ....•..••... 95 7. The Small Entrepreneur and Economic Development 97 8. Economic Development and Management Education 102 9. Private Foreign Investment and Economic Development 113 10. Foreign Collaboration and Industrial Development 130 11. Human Resource Development for Economic Growth 139 12. ConcI usion: General Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Appendix: "The Application of Industrial Psychology in Developing Countries" 157 Index ......... . 166 LIST OF TABLES 1. Education among four generations of Indian managers 23 2. Career paths of four generations of Indian managers 25 3. Occupation of fathers of four generations of Indian managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4. Religions of four generations of Indian managers and Indian male population . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5. Religions of the Managers and Owners of various groups of concerns in the Indian private sector. . . . . . . 28 6. Castes of four generations of Indian managers . . . . 30 7. Regional Origin offour generations ofIndian managers 32 8. Rank order of factors influencing foreign investments: Questionnaire response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 9. Rank order of factors influencing foreign investments: Questionnaire response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 10. Net Profits as a proportion of net growth: Indian and Parent companies compared for three major groups, 1956-1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 11. Foreign collaborations in Indian Industry: countrywise for selected years . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 132 12. Foreign collaborations with Top ten countries.. 133 13. Number of foreign collaborations: Industrywise, for selected years and selected industries . . . . . . . . 135 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS SAGAR C. JAIN, Ph. D. from Cornell University, is an Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Business, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. AsHOK KAPOOR, Ph. D. from the University of North Carolina, is an Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Business, New York University. S. KANNAPPAN, Ph. D. from Tufts University, is an Associate Professor of Economics at Michigan State University. He is the author of Business Performance Abroad: The Case Study if Aluminium Limited in India (1962), and the co-author of Industrial Relations in India (1966). ANANT R. NEGANDHI, Ph. D. from Michigan State University, is on the faculty of the Kent State University. He is the author of Private Foreign Investment Climate in India (1966), and the co author of The United States Overseas Executive (1967). SOM PRAKASH, Ph. D. from the University of Virginia, is an Associate Professor of Economics at Duquesne University, Pitts burgh. S. BENJAMIN PRASAD, Ph. D. from the University of Wis consin, is an Associate Professor at Ohio University. He is the editor of Management in International Perspective (1967), and Modern Industrial Management (1967). DARAB UNWALLA, Ph. D. from the University of Bombay, is an Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Business Ad ministration, Michigan State University. He is the author of Textile Technocracy, and co-author of The Enterprising Man (1964). C. N. VAKIL is Professor Emeritus, University of Bombay, and the noted Indian economist. He has authored several books. PREFACE The new countries of Asia and Mrica are now concerned, as were the countries of Western Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with understanding the process on which economic and social progress of their peoples depends. In the years since World War II, in almost all parts of the literate world, there has been an exceedingly active discussion of "eco nomic development". This is especially true of the United States books, articles, symposiums, courses, and research projects in the general area of "economic development" attest to this obser vation. As John K. Galbraith noted a few years ago, "Americans can be more than a little proud of the intensity of interest in the economics of development in these last years in the United States." There is a plethora of literature in the area of economic de velopment theories, economic planning and economic programm ing. It has been duly recognized that the underdeveloped coun tries need economic development and the State ought to play the role of the entrepreneur wherever there is a need. The under lying premise on the part of many scholars and national policy makers appears to be that development is feasible and that the countries should not only aspire for but plan to achieve sustained economic growth or development. The popular instrument for formulating national economic goals has been the Five-Year plans which chart out the strategies for economic development. This basic premise is valid. But we also think that there appears to be a great need for effective implementation of the planned projects as much as there is a need for careful economic planning. The scope of what is generally referred to as economic develop ment is vast. Our initial assumption is that economic develop ment, especially as it takes place through industrial projects, has been thwarted in many developing countries as a result of in-
The list of books you might like
