Management of Emissions at Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company

123 Pages·2017·23.97 MB·English

United Arab Emirates University
Scholarworks@UAEU
Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations
5-1999
Management of Emissions at Abu Dhabi Gas
Liquefaction Company
Abdul Aziz R Al Nuaimi
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Al Nuaimi, Abdul Aziz R, "Management of Emissions at Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company" (1999).Theses. 554.
https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/all_theses/554
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MANAGEMENT OF EMISSIONS AT ABU DHABI GAS
LIQUEFACTIONC OMPANY
A ThesiSsu bmittiendP artial Fulffiolrtl hmee nt
Degreoef M .Sci.n E nvironmenStcaile nce
By
AbdulAz iz Ali R.A IN uaimi
Facultyo fS cience
UniteAdr abE miratUensi versity
(June1,9 99)
SUPERVISORS
ProfesEssosra mA bdulH afIz
Heado fC ivil EnginDeeeprairntgm ent
ColleogfeE ngineering
UniteAdr abE miratUensi versity
Dr.M unjeMda raqa
AssistParnotf essor
CiviEln gineerDienpga rtment
ColleogfeE ngineering
UniteAdr abE mirates University
Dr.M ohamedH assaAnI M arzouqi
AssiasnttP rofessor
Chemicaanld P etroleEunmg ineerDienpga rtment
ColleogfeE ngineering
UniteAdr abE mirateUsn iversity
\I
The Thesiso f Abdul AzizA liR ashed AINuaimif ort he degreeo f
Mastero f Sciencei n EnvironmentSacli encesi s approved.
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Chairo f CommitteeP,r of.E ssam Abdul Hafiz
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ExaminingC ommitteeM ember,D r.M ahmoud FathyA bd-Rabbo
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Examiinng CommitteeM ember,D r.R eyadh AI Mehaideb
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Dean of The Facultoyf Science,
UnitedA rab EmiratesU niversity
ABSTRACT
Gasi ndustrinit ehseU niteAdr abE mirataersev astglryo winigno rdetro m ainlcyo pe
witht hei ncreasing fdoermea nnedr gpyr oductiaoswn esl als f ort hew iseu tilizatoifo n
gasa ssociwaitteh ctrhue doei lE.n vironmepnrtoabll ecmosu plweidt hg ase mployment
necessittahtede esv elopmoefna t m anagemetnetc hniqtuheasct a nl eatdo be ttecro ntrol
of emissiofrnosm gasp rocessciongm paniseisn ce soomfe t heseem issioanrse
unavoidafbolrse a ferteya sons.
Thiss tudsyu ggesat frsa mewortko be usedt oc ontreomli ssiofrnosm AbuD habGia s
LiquefactCioomnp any( ADGAS)i nD asI slanwdh,i chr epresean ttysp icmaalj ogras
processcionmgp aniyn t her egion, tihnrvouegsht igaotfti hoeni sm pacotfi ntroduac ing
modificiaotns chemew,i thitnh eu nitp rocessoens t,h eq ualiotfyt hes urrounding
atmosphere.
A baselisnteu dfyo rc urreenmti ssianodn sg rounlde veclo ncentraotfif oonuspr o llutants
(sulphduiro xidnei,t rogen ocxairdboenms o,n oxidaen dp articulwaatsee ss)t ablished.A
computmeord ewla st heuns edt os imulattheep roposemdo dificatiionon rsd etror educe
grounlde veclo ncenttiroantsh aetx ceerde gulatsotrayn dards.
Two maina pproacwheerse c onsidetroem di nimizeg rounlde veclo ncentratFiiornsst.,
reduciflnogw ofg asi nttoh efl arebsy adding comprteosr seocrosv aenry e xcesgsa s
from goinign ttoh ef lardeusr inogp eratiSoencso.n udp,gr adinsgu lphruerc oveurnyi ttso
a higheerffi ciencayn ds omeo therre ducticoann a lsob e accomplisthherdo ugh
sweetenoifnfu ge lg asd irecttoeu dt iitlies.
Thes tudcyo ncludtehdat th er ateosfe mittgeadsa tA DGAS LiquefiNeadt urGaals P lant
aree xceeditnhgee xposulriem iutnsd earl le mergenacnyd c urrennotnn alo peration
conditiGoansst .u rbinaensdbo ilerwse rep rovetdo be them ajosro urcfeosr n itrogen
oxideasn dc arbon monoxwihdiel,boe t h sulphruerc oveurnyi tasn dg ast urbinaerse
contributtiont gh ee missioofns ulphduiro xidIen.t hem eantimuep,g radionfgt he
sulphurre coveruyn ittso 97.5%re sultiend 3 0% decreaisne sulphudri oxide
concentraAt isoing.n ificdaenctr eaisnne i trogoexni deasn dc arbonm onoxidaesw elals
particucloantcee ntrarteisounlsfrt oemd a ddinagt hirbodi l-off-cgoamsp ressor.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wouldl ikteo e xpremsys specisailn cearpep reaciattoti hoenc ommittee
memberwsh oh aves upervimsye sdt udpyr ograIma .m especiagrlaltye futlo
my advisoPrrso fessor EssaHma fiAzba dnudDl r .M unjeMda raqfao rt heir
continufooulsl ouwp a ndg uidantcher oughtohuetM .Scp rogramA.l soI,
woulldi kteo t hanDkr .M ohamedH assaAnl M arzoufqoihr i sf eedbaacnkd
advice.
AlsoI, gr eatltyh antkh eF aculotfyS ciencoeft heU niteAdr abE mirates
Universfiotrty h eisru ppoarntd g ivinmge theo pportuntioct oym pletthee
M.Scp.r ogram.
Speciatlh anktso t hem anagemenatn dp ersonnoefl A bu Dhabi Gas
LiquefacCtoimopna nLyi mitfeodrt hesiurp poarntda llowimneg t oc onduct
thefi eldst udaytD asI sland.
Finallvye,r ys pecitahla nktso m y familfyo rt heipra tienacned s upport
durintgh et imoef t hipsr ogram.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTARCT
IV
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
V
TABLEO FC ONTENTS
VI
LISOTF T ABLES
x
LISOTF F IGURES
XlI
LISOTF A BBREVIATION
XIV
LISOTF S YMBOLES
XVI
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
1
1.G1E NERAL 1
1.O2B JECTIVES 1
1.MAN3A GEMENT FRAMEWORK 2
1.A4P PROACH 3
1.T5HE SIS STRUCTURE 3
CHAPTER EMISSIONM ANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
2
2.I1N TRODUCTION 5
2.G2E NERAL DESCRIPTIOONF LIQUEFIED
NATURAL GAS PROCESSING 6
2.MAIN3 EMISSION SOURCES 8
2.E4N VIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMP ACT OF EMISSIONS 9
2.R5E GULATIONSO N EMISSIONSAND AIR QUALITY 11
VI
Page
CHAPTER 3 SITED ESCRIPTION
3.I1NT RODUCTION 14
3.G2EO GRAPHICALL OCATION 14
3.L3IQ UEFIENDA TURAL GAS PLANATT ADGAS 16
3.13C .ompression 16
33..S2vve etening 17
33..D3r ying 18
33..F4r actionation 18
3.3L.iq5u efaction 18
33..S6ul phur Recovery 19
3.3Ut.i7l ities 19
3.3St.o8r aTgaen ks 20
CHAPTER DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS
4 AND
41.I NTRODUCTION 21
4.ME2T EOROLOGICAL DATA 21
4.E3M ISSIOSNO URCES 23
CHAPTER AIRD ISPERSIONM ODELING
5
5.I1NT RODUCTION 31
5.M2O DELINGT ECHNIQUES 31
5.A3VA ILABLEM ODELS 33
54.I NDUSTRIASLO URCEC OMPLEX MODEL 35
5.G5EN ERALA SSUMPTIONS ASSOCIATEDW ITH
INDUSTRIALS OURCEC OMPLEX MODEL 36
5.M6O DEL EQUATIONS 37
5.M7O DEL VERIFICATIOENX AMPLE 39
vii
Page
CHAPTER 6 MODELING OF GROUND CONCENTRATIONS
UNDER EXISTINGO PERATIONS
61.I NfRODUCTION 41
6.C2O MPLIANCEW ITH ATMOSPHERIC
EMISSIONR EGULATIONS 41
6.G3R OUND LEVELC ONCENTRATION
UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS 43
6.G4R OUND LEVELC ONCENTRATION
UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS 48
6.G5R OUND LEVELC ONCENTRATION
UNDER COMBINED CONDITIONS 55
6.S6U MMARY 56
CHAPTER MODELING OF GROUND CONCENTRATIONS
7
UNDER MODIFIED OPERATINGC ONDITIONS
71.I NTRODUCTION 57
7.U2P GRADINGS ULPHURR ECOVERYU NITS 58
7.A3D DITIONALB OILO FFG AS COMPRESSOR 63
7.N4I TROGENP URGINIG 67
7.O5THE R EMISSION IMPROVEMENT 67
7.15F .ueGla sS weetening 67
7.5R.ed2u ciGnrgo unLde veClo ncentrations 67
7.5F.la3rI em provement 68
7.S6UMMA RY 68
CHAPTER8 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS
81.C ONCLUSIONS 69
VlII
Page
8.R2EC OMMENDATONS FOR TillSS TUDY AND FOFUTURER WORK 70
REFERENCES 72
APPENDICES
APPENDIXA 74
APPENDIXB 80
APPENDIXC 83
IX