Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, European Weed Research Society PDF
Preview Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, European Weed Research Society
Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants Developments in Hydrobiology 120 Series editor H. J. Dumont Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, European Weed Research Society Editedby J.M. Caffrey, P.R.F. Barrett, K.J. Murphy & P.M. Wade Reprintedfrom Hydrobiologia, voI. 340 (1996) SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publlcation Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-94-010-6441-5 ISBN 978-94-011-5782-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7 Printed an acid-free paper AII rights reserved @1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. v Contents Preface ........................................................................... . ix-xiii Symposium Sponsors .............................................................. . xv Special Edition Referees ........................................................... . xvi SECTION I: ECOLOGY Ecology of Freshwater Plants Photosynthetic plasticity in Potamogeton pectinatus L. from Argentina: strategies to survive adverse light conditions by M.J.M. Hootsmans, A.A. Drovandi, N. Soto Perez & F. Wiegman .............. . 1-5 Studies on vegetative production of Potamogeton illinoensis Morong in southern Argentina by C. Bezic, A. Dall'Armellina & O. Gajardo ................................... . 7-10 Diurnal carbon restrictions on the photosynthesis of dense stands of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John by J.1. Jones, K. Hardwick & J.w. Eaton ........................................ . 11-16 Comparison of five media for the axenic culture of Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov by R.D. Roshon, G.R. Stephenson & R.F. Horton ................................ . 17-22 The effects of floating mats of Azolla filiculoides Lam. and Lemna minuta Kunth on the growth of submerged macrophytes by R.A. Janes, J.W. Eaton & K. Hardwick ...................................... . 23-26 The biology of Butomus umbellatus in shallow waters with fluctuating water level by Z. Hroudova, A. Krahulcova, P. Zfuavsky & V. Jarolimova ................... . 27-30 Growth response of Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. maritimus and B. maritimus ssp. compactus to different trophic conditions by P. Zfuavsky & Z. Hroudova ............................................... . 31-35 Mineralogical and microscopic analyses of material deposited on submersed macrophytes in Florida lakes by P.v. Zimba & S.R. Bates ................................................... . 37-41 Plant-Environment Interactions in Freshwater Systems Assessing functional typology involving water quality, physical features and macrophytes in a Normandy river by J. Haury .................................................................. . 43-49 The effects of a record flood on the aquatic vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River System: some preliminary findings by A. Spink & S. Rogers ...................................................... . 51-57 Monitoring watercourse vegetation, a synecological approach to dynamic gradients by R. Pot .................................................................... . 59-65 vi A reference system for continental running waters: plant communities as bioindicators of increasing eutrophication in alkaline and acidic waters in northeast France by F. Robach, G. Thiebaut, M. Tremolieres & S. Muller .......................... . 67-76 The impact of three industrial effluents on submerged aquatic plants in the River Nile, Egypt by M.M. Ali & M.E. Soltan ................................................... . 77-83 Effects of lake water level regulation on the dynamics of littoral vegetation in northern Finland by S. Hellsten & J. Riihimaki .................................................. . 85-92 Influence of plants on redox potential and methane production in water-saturated soil by W. Grosse, K. Jovy & H. Tiebel ............................................. . 93-99 SECTION II: DISTRIBUTION Freshwater Plants and Aquatic Weed Problems The aquatic microphytes and macrophytes of the Transvase Tajo-Segura irrigation system, southeastern Spain by M. Aboal, M. Prefasi & A.D. Asencio........................................ 101-107 Aquatic vegetation of the Orinoco River Delta (Venezuela). An overview by G. Colonnello Bertoli ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109-113 Submerged vegetation development in two shallow, eutrophic lakes by H. Coops & R.w. Doef ..................................................... 115-120 Noxious floating weeds of Malaysia by M. Mansor ................................................................ 121-125 Past and present distribution of stoneworts (Characeae) in The Netherlands by J. Simons & E. Nat......................................................... 127-135 Macrophytes and flood plain water dynamics in the River Danube ecotone research region (Austria) by G.A. Janauer & G. Kum .................................................... 137-140 Stream vegetation in different landscape types by S. Husak & V. Vorechovska ................................................. 141-145 Coexistence of funcus articulatus L. and Glyceria australis C.E. Hubb. in a temporary shallow wetland in Australia by R.G.B. Smith & M.A. Brock................................................ 147-151 SECTION III: MANAGEMENT Control of Freshwater and Riparian Vegetation Strategic and Regional Studies Interactions between national and local strategies for the management of aquatic weeds by D.S. Mitchell. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 153-156 The economics of aquatic vegetation removal in rivers and land drainage systems by J.A.L. Dunderdale & J. Morris.. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 157-161 The management of weeds in irrigation and drainage channels: integrating ecological, engi- neering and economic considerations by PJ. Barker, C.M. Ferguson, I.K. Smout & P.M. Wade .......................... 163-172 vii Short- and long-term control of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) on seasonal water bodies and on a river system in the Kruger National Park, South Africa by C.I. Cilliers, D. Zeller & G. Strydom ......................................... 173-179 Strategies for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) control in Mexico by E. Gutierrez, R. Huerto, P. Saldana & E Arreguin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181-185 Management of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., an aquatic invasive weed of urban waterways in Western Australia by R.I. Ruiz-Avila & V.V. Klemm.............................................. 187-190 Submerged plant survival strategies in relation to management and environmental pressures in drainage channel habitats by M.R. Sabbatini & K.J. Murphy .............................................. 191-195 Chemical and Physical Approaches The impact of drainage maintenance strategies on the flora of a low gradient, drained Irish salmonid river by J.I. King .................................................................. 197-203 The effect of weed control practices on macroinvertebrate communities in Irish canals by C. Monahan & J.M. Caffrey. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205-211 Physical control of Eurasian watermilfoil in an oligotrophic lake by c.w. Boylen, L.w. Eichler & J.w. Sutherland. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . 213-218 Response of Elodea canadensis Michx. and Myriophyllum spicatum L. to shade, cutting and competition in experimental culture by V.J. Abernethy, M.R. Sabbatini & K.I. Murphy................................ 219-224 Mechanical aquatic weed management in the lower valley of the Rio Negro, Argentina by A. Dall' Armellina, A. Gajardo, C. Bezic, E. Luna, A. Britto & V. Dall' Armellina. 225-228 Patterns of aquatic weed regrowth following mechanical harvesting in New Zealand hydro- lakes by C. Howard-Williams, A.-M. Schwarz & V. Reid............................... 229-234 Hydrilla control with split treatments of fluridone in Lake Harris, Florida by A.M. Fox, W.T. Haller & D.G. Shilling ....................................... 235-239 Crassula helmsii: attempts at elimination using herbicides by EH. Dawson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241-245 Hydrilla tuber formation in response to single and sequential bensulfuron methyl exposures at different times by K.A. Langeland............................................................ 247-251 Glyphosate as a management tool in carp fisheries by A. KrUger, G. Okoniewska, Z. Pochitonow, Z. Kr61 & R.P. Garnett .............. 253-257 Glyphosate in fisheries management by J.M Caffrey................................................................ 259-263 The use of herbicides for weed control in flooded rice in North Italy by A.C. Sparacino, S. Bocchi, R. Ferro, N. Riva & E Tano ........................ 265-269 viii Biological and Biomanipulative Approaches The interaction between Cyprinus carpio L. and Potamogeton pectinatus L. under aquarium conditions by N.S. Sidorkewicj, A.c. Lopez Cazorla & O.A. Fernandez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 271-275 Long-term effects of sheep grazing on giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) by U.V. Andersen & B. Calov .................................................. 277-284 Effects of grazing by fish and waterfowl on the biomass and species composition of submerged macrophytes by E. van Donk & A. Otte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285-290 Biological control of the wetlands weed purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in the Pacific northwestern United States by G.L. Piper................................................................. 291-294 Control ofA lgae Filamentous freshwater macroalgae in South Africa - a literature review and perspective on the development and control of weed problems by M.A. Joska & U. Bolton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295-300 Towards understanding the nature of algal inhibitors from barley straw by I. Ridge & J .M. Pillinger ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301-305 The control of diatom and cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs using barley straw by P.RF. Barrett, J.C. Curnow & J.w. Littlejohn.................................. 307-311 Utilisation oCFreshwater and Riparian Vegetation Multiple use of aquatic green biomass for food/feed protein concentrate, bioenergy and micro- bial fermentation products by V.N. Pandey & A.K. Srivastava.............................................. 313-316 Morphology and nutritional value of Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. growing in deeply flooded areas in Bangladesh by Q.R. Islam................................................................. 317-321 Constructed wetlands for waste water treatment: the use of laterite in the bed medium in phosphorus and heavy metal removal by RB. Wood & C.F. McAtamney .............................................. 323-331 Backwater habitats and their role in nature conservation on navigable waterways by N.J. Willby & J.W. Eaton ................................................... 333-338 Experimental revegetation of the regulated Lake Ontojarvi in northern Finland by S. Hellsten, J.I. Riihimaki, E. Alasaarela & R Keranen......................... 339-343 Enhancing river vegetation: conservation, development and restoration by S.M. Haslam............................................................... 345-348 Bankside stabilisation through reed transplantation in a newly constructed Irish canal habitat by I.M. Caffrey & T. Beglin .................................................... 349-354 Hydrobiologia 340: ix-xiii, 1996. IX J. M. Caffrey, P. R. F. Barrett, K. 1. Murphy & P. M. Wade (eds), Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants. ©1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Preface The European Weed Research Society and the Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants J. M. Caffreyl & P. M. Wade2 ISyrnposiurn Convenor, Central Fisheries Board, Balnagowan, Mobhi Boreen, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland 2Chairrnan Working Group on Aquatic Weeds, European weed Research Society, c/o International Centre of Landscape Ecology, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LEI 1 3TU, England Abstract Attendance at the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, held in Dublin in 1994, by 270 delegates from 35 different countries demonstrated the continuing interest in the management and ecology of freshwater plants. The relative importance of the various topics covered in this meeting is compared with that of the previous symposia (1967-1990) for which published proceedings are available. A shift of interest away from aquatic weed control towards ecology, plant-environment interactions and distribution is noted and demonstrates a growing recognition ofthe need for aquatic plant management. The interest in physical control has remained constant (5-12% of papers) whilst the interest shown in biological control over the period 1971 to 1982 has not been sustained in recent symposia. The international nature of the symposia has increased over the years with papers published rising from eight countries in the 1967, 1971 and 1974 symposia to 23, 18 and 20 in the last three. Consistent numbers of contributions have been made by delegates from the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom with a significant and sustained increase since 1967 from the United States of America. Introduction ciation with the 2nd International Symposium on Her- bivorous Fish), Loughborough (1986) (in association 'The control of aquatic weeds presents many spe- with the Association of Applied Biologists), Uppsala cialised problems. So immense is the range of growth (1990) and most recently the 9th International Sympo- habits that a method of control appropriate to one is sium on Aquatic Weeds in Dublin in 1994. often completely unsuitable for another species grow- ing in the same place. Moreover, techniques are most The main objectives of the Working Group on frequently required to control not pure colonies but Aquatic Weeds are to: mixed communities comprising several weeds of dif- 1. promote the interchange of information on aquatic ferent life form' (Sculthorpe, 1967). This challenge weed problems between members of the Society of managing aquatic plants has been recognised for a by organising symposia at regular intervals; long time and, since the 1960's, the European Weed 2. encourage the co-operation between research sci- Research Society (EWRS) (formerly the European entists working in similar fields on common prob- Weed Research Council) has, through its Working lems by forming working groups to consider spe- Group on Aquatic Weeds, worked to better under- cific topics (e.g. the invasion of aquatic and riparian stand this diverse assemblage of plants and to assist habitats (de Waal et aI., 1994; Pysek et aI., 1995); in the development and implementation of appropriate 3. develop and maintain contact with other inter- management (Pieterse, 1978). The first aquatic weeds national organisations with similar interests (e.g. symposium was held in Oxford in 1965 followed by Aquatic Plant Management Society (USA»; symposia at Oldenburg (1967), Oxford (1971), Vienna 4. stimulate and encourage members to contribute (1974) Amsterdam (1978), Novi Sad (1982) (in asso- items of information on aquatic weeds and news x of individuals working on them to the EWRS concerned with the utilisation of aquatic plants, pro- Newsletter. portionately more in this current volume than in any An important milestone in the life of the Work- previous one. ing Group on Aquatic Weeds was the publication of Pieterse (1978) commented on the decrease in the Pieterse & Murphy (1990), a text comprehensively relative interest in chemical control of aquatic weeds, reviewing aquatic plant management. 25% of the papers being on that topic at the 1978 Amsterdam meeting compared to 50% in the previous proceedings. This trend did not hold good for the 1982 A review of the contents of EWRS International meeting but the percentage of papers on herbicides Symposia on Aquatic Weeds (1967-1994) has subsequently decreased substantially (Table 1). Chemical control in or near water has always been The 270 delegates from 35 countries world-wide a sensitive issue and currently many agencies and even attending the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic states are reluctant to use chemicals and some prohibit Weeds illustrated the sustained interest in the manage- such management. The high percentage of papers on ment and ecology of freshwater plants and the con- herbicides in the earlier symposia tended to focus on tinuing need for up-to-date information on methods up-and-coming and recently released herbicides. The to control aquatic weed species. Whilst the majority agrochemical industry currently sees little potential in of delegates were from Europe, there was a signifi- herbicides for use in or near water and there are no cant number from North America. The content of the compounds which have generated any serious interest papers published in this volume have been compared in recent years. with those of the previous seven symposia (for which Given the decline, not only in investigations into published proceedings are available) and some inter- the use and effects of herbicides but also in their actual esting trends are apparent. The call for papers for the use, one would have expected an increase in interest symposium has always been very open and the topics and research into other forms of management, notably identified very similar. The division of the papers into physical and biological control. This is not borne out in the different topics is clear cut for most papers. Some Table 1. Physical control has, apart from 1971, always have been allocated on a split basis between two topic accounted for only 5-12% of the papers. Biological headings, e.g., Engelhardt (1974) consider the regula- control was a particular focus in 1971, 1974 and 1978, tion of the use of herbicides for aquatic weed control and in 1982 the EWRS 6th International Symposium in the German Federal Republic and the paper has on Aquatic Weeds (1982) was held in conjunction with been included under 'Control: chemical' and 'Control: the 2nd International Symposium on Herbivorous Fish. strategic and regional studies'. A minority of papers Since then, however, there has been relatively little have been unclassified. In all cases the data are related interest in the topic. This might be explained by this to the year of the symposium which, except for the topic being reported in another publication but none 9th symposium, is also the date of publication of the has been identified. proceedings. The numbers of papers concerned with ecology, plant-environment interactions and distribution has Contributors to the EWRS Aquatic Weeds increased whilst those concerned with control per se Symposia have declined (Table 1). The largest number of papers concerning the former was at the 1986 meeting which Since 1967 the proceedings of the International Sym- is at least partly explained by symposium being run by posia on Aquatic Weeds have published contributions the EWRS and the Association of Applied Biologists. from 40 different countries, over half of which were This shift in emphasis is in part due to the recognition European (Table 2). The pattern of these contributions of the complexity of aquatic weed control so clearly is worthy of note. Table 2 shows the number of papers spelt out by Sculthorpe (1967) such that 'weed con- published in the proceedings by authors on the basis trol' is being displaced by 'plant management'. It is of their country, a straightforward assessment for most significant that the Hyacinth Control Journal in the papers. Where a paper is written by authors from more United Sates of America became the Journal of Aquat- than one country, this is recognised in the scoring. In ic Plant Management Society. Another indicator of this a few cases the paper is written by an author from shift in emphasis is the increase in numbers of papers one country but is about aquatic plant management in
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