Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, European Weed Research Society

337 Pages·1996·17.35 MB·English

by  M. J. M. Hootsmans

Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants
Developments in Hydrobiology 120
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Management and Ecology of
Freshwater Plants
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds,
European Weed Research Society
Editedby
J.M. Caffrey, P.R.F. Barrett, K.J. Murphy & P.M. Wade
Reprintedfrom Hydrobiologia, voI. 340 (1996)
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publlcation Data
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-6441-5 ISBN 978-94-011-5782-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7
Printed an acid-free paper
AII rights reserved
@1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
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without written permission from the copyright owner.
v
Contents
Preface ........................................................................... . ix-xiii
Symposium Sponsors .............................................................. . xv
Special Edition Referees ........................................................... . xvi
SECTION I: ECOLOGY
Ecology of Freshwater Plants
Photosynthetic plasticity in Potamogeton pectinatus L. from Argentina: strategies to survive
adverse light conditions
by M.J.M. Hootsmans, A.A. Drovandi, N. Soto Perez & F. Wiegman .............. . 1-5
Studies on vegetative production of Potamogeton illinoensis Morong in southern Argentina
by C. Bezic, A. Dall'Armellina & O. Gajardo ................................... . 7-10
Diurnal carbon restrictions on the photosynthesis of dense stands of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.)
St. John
by J.1. Jones, K. Hardwick & J.w. Eaton ........................................ . 11-16
Comparison of five media for the axenic culture of Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov
by R.D. Roshon, G.R. Stephenson & R.F. Horton ................................ . 17-22
The effects of floating mats of Azolla filiculoides Lam. and Lemna minuta Kunth on the growth
of submerged macrophytes
by R.A. Janes, J.W. Eaton & K. Hardwick ...................................... . 23-26
The biology of Butomus umbellatus in shallow waters with fluctuating water level
by Z. Hroudova, A. Krahulcova, P. Zfuavsky & V. Jarolimova ................... . 27-30
Growth response of Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. maritimus and B. maritimus ssp. compactus
to different trophic conditions
by P. Zfuavsky & Z. Hroudova ............................................... . 31-35
Mineralogical and microscopic analyses of material deposited on submersed macrophytes in
Florida lakes
by P.v. Zimba & S.R. Bates ................................................... . 37-41
Plant-Environment Interactions in Freshwater Systems
Assessing functional typology involving water quality, physical features and macrophytes in
a Normandy river
by J. Haury .................................................................. . 43-49
The effects of a record flood on the aquatic vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River System:
some preliminary findings
by A. Spink & S. Rogers ...................................................... . 51-57
Monitoring watercourse vegetation, a synecological approach to dynamic gradients
by R. Pot .................................................................... . 59-65
vi
A reference system for continental running waters: plant communities as bioindicators of
increasing eutrophication in alkaline and acidic waters in northeast France
by F. Robach, G. Thiebaut, M. Tremolieres & S. Muller .......................... . 67-76
The impact of three industrial effluents on submerged aquatic plants in the River Nile, Egypt
by M.M. Ali & M.E. Soltan ................................................... . 77-83
Effects of lake water level regulation on the dynamics of littoral vegetation in northern Finland
by S. Hellsten & J. Riihimaki .................................................. . 85-92
Influence of plants on redox potential and methane production in water-saturated soil
by W. Grosse, K. Jovy & H. Tiebel ............................................. . 93-99
SECTION II: DISTRIBUTION
Freshwater Plants and Aquatic Weed Problems
The aquatic microphytes and macrophytes of the Transvase Tajo-Segura irrigation system,
southeastern Spain
by M. Aboal, M. Prefasi & A.D. Asencio........................................ 101-107
Aquatic vegetation of the Orinoco River Delta (Venezuela). An overview
by G. Colonnello Bertoli ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109-113
Submerged vegetation development in two shallow, eutrophic lakes
by H. Coops & R.w. Doef ..................................................... 115-120
Noxious floating weeds of Malaysia
by M. Mansor ................................................................ 121-125
Past and present distribution of stoneworts (Characeae) in The Netherlands
by J. Simons & E. Nat......................................................... 127-135
Macrophytes and flood plain water dynamics in the River Danube ecotone research region
(Austria)
by G.A. Janauer & G. Kum .................................................... 137-140
Stream vegetation in different landscape types
by S. Husak & V. Vorechovska ................................................. 141-145
Coexistence of funcus articulatus L. and Glyceria australis C.E. Hubb. in a temporary shallow
wetland in Australia
by R.G.B. Smith & M.A. Brock................................................ 147-151
SECTION III: MANAGEMENT
Control of Freshwater and Riparian Vegetation
Strategic and Regional Studies
Interactions between national and local strategies for the management of aquatic weeds
by D.S. Mitchell. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 153-156
The economics of aquatic vegetation removal in rivers and land drainage systems
by J.A.L. Dunderdale & J. Morris.. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 157-161
The management of weeds in irrigation and drainage channels: integrating ecological, engi-
neering and economic considerations
by PJ. Barker, C.M. Ferguson, I.K. Smout & P.M. Wade .......................... 163-172
vii
Short-and long-term control of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) on seasonal water bodies and
on a river system in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
by C.I. Cilliers, D. Zeller & G. Strydom ......................................... 173-179
Strategies for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) control in Mexico
by E. Gutierrez, R. Huerto, P. Saldana & E Arreguin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181-185
Management of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., an aquatic invasive weed of urban waterways
in Western Australia
by R.I. Ruiz-Avila & V.V. Klemm.............................................. 187-190
Submerged plant survival strategies in relation to management and environmental pressures
in drainage channel habitats
by M.R. Sabbatini & K.J. Murphy .............................................. 191-195
Chemical and Physical Approaches
The impact of drainage maintenance strategies on the flora of a low gradient, drained Irish
salmonid river
by J.I. King .................................................................. 197-203
The effect of weed control practices on macroinvertebrate communities in Irish canals
by C. Monahan & J.M. Caffrey. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205-211
Physical control of Eurasian watermilfoil in an oligotrophic lake
by c.w. Boylen, L.w. Eichler & J.w. Sutherland. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . 213-218
Response of Elodea canadensis Michx. and Myriophyllum spicatum L. to shade, cutting and
competition in experimental culture
by V.J. Abernethy, M.R. Sabbatini & K.I. Murphy................................ 219-224
Mechanical aquatic weed management in the lower valley of the Rio Negro, Argentina
by A. Dall' Armellina, A. Gajardo, C. Bezic, E. Luna, A. Britto & V. Dall' Armellina. 225-228
Patterns of aquatic weed regrowth following mechanical harvesting in New Zealand hydro-
lakes
by C. Howard-Williams, A.-M. Schwarz & V. Reid............................... 229-234
Hydrilla control with split treatments of fluridone in Lake Harris, Florida
by A.M. Fox, W.T. Haller & D.G. Shilling ....................................... 235-239
Crassula helmsii: attempts at elimination using herbicides
by EH. Dawson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241-245
Hydrilla tuber formation in response to single and sequential bensulfuron methyl exposures
at different times
by K.A. Langeland............................................................ 247-251
Glyphosate as a management tool in carp fisheries
by A. KrUger, G. Okoniewska, Z. Pochitonow, Z. Kr61 & R.P. Garnett .............. 253-257
Glyphosate in fisheries management
by J.M Caffrey................................................................ 259-263
The use of herbicides for weed control in flooded rice in North Italy
by A.C. Sparacino, S. Bocchi, R. Ferro, N. Riva & E Tano ........................ 265-269
viii
Biological and Biomanipulative Approaches
The interaction between Cyprinus carpio L. and Potamogeton pectinatus L. under aquarium
conditions
by N.S. Sidorkewicj, A.c. Lopez Cazorla & O.A. Fernandez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 271-275
Long-term effects of sheep grazing on giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)
by U.V. Andersen & B. Calov .................................................. 277-284
Effects of grazing by fish and waterfowl on the biomass and species composition of submerged
macrophytes
by E. van Donk & A. Otte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285-290
Biological control of the wetlands weed purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in the Pacific
northwestern United States
by G.L. Piper................................................................. 291-294
Control ofA lgae
Filamentous freshwater macroalgae in South Africa - a literature review and perspective on
the development and control of weed problems
by M.A. Joska & U. Bolton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295-300
Towards understanding the nature of algal inhibitors from barley straw
by I. Ridge & J .M. Pillinger ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301-305
The control of diatom and cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs using barley straw
by P.RF. Barrett, J.C. Curnow & J.w. Littlejohn.................................. 307-311
Utilisation oCFreshwater and Riparian Vegetation
Multiple use of aquatic green biomass for food/feed protein concentrate, bioenergy and micro
bial fermentation products
by V.N. Pandey & A.K. Srivastava.............................................. 313-316
Morphology and nutritional value of Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. growing in deeply flooded
areas in Bangladesh
by Q.R. Islam................................................................. 317-321
Constructed wetlands for waste water treatment: the use of laterite in the bed medium in
phosphorus and heavy metal removal
by RB. Wood & C.F. McAtamney .............................................. 323-331
Backwater habitats and their role in nature conservation on navigable waterways
by N.J. Willby & J.W. Eaton ................................................... 333-338
Experimental revegetation of the regulated Lake Ontojarvi in northern Finland
by S. Hellsten, J.I. Riihimaki, E. Alasaarela & R Keranen......................... 339-343
Enhancing river vegetation: conservation, development and restoration
by S.M. Haslam............................................................... 345-348
Bankside stabilisation through reed transplantation in a newly constructed Irish canal habitat
by I.M. Caffrey & T. Beglin .................................................... 349-354
Hydrobiologia 340: ix-xiii, 1996. IX
J. M. Caffrey, P. R. F. Barrett, K. 1. Murphy & P. M. Wade (eds), Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants.
©1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Preface
The European Weed Research Society and the Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants
J. M. Caffreyl & P. M. Wade2
ISyrnposiurn Convenor, Central Fisheries Board, Balnagowan, Mobhi Boreen, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
2Chairrnan Working Group on Aquatic Weeds, European weed Research Society, c/o International Centre of
Landscape Ecology, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LEI 1 3TU, England
Abstract
Attendance at the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, held in Dublin in 1994, by 270 delegates from
35 different countries demonstrated the continuing interest in the management and ecology of freshwater plants.
The relative importance of the various topics covered in this meeting is compared with that of the previous symposia
(1967-1990) for which published proceedings are available. A shift of interest away from aquatic weed control
towards ecology, plant-environment interactions and distribution is noted and demonstrates a growing recognition
ofthe need for aquatic plant management. The interest in physical control has remained constant (5-12% of papers)
whilst the interest shown in biological control over the period 1971 to 1982 has not been sustained in recent
symposia. The international nature of the symposia has increased over the years with papers published rising from
eight countries in the 1967, 1971 and 1974 symposia to 23, 18 and 20 in the last three. Consistent numbers of
contributions have been made by delegates from the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom
with a significant and sustained increase since 1967 from the United States of America.
Introduction ciation with the 2nd International Symposium on Her
bivorous Fish), Loughborough (1986) (in association
'The control of aquatic weeds presents many spe with the Association of Applied Biologists), Uppsala
cialised problems. So immense is the range of growth (1990) and most recently the 9th International Sympo
habits that a method of control appropriate to one is sium on Aquatic Weeds in Dublin in 1994.
often completely unsuitable for another species grow
ing in the same place. Moreover, techniques are most The main objectives of the Working Group on
frequently required to control not pure colonies but Aquatic Weeds are to:
mixed communities comprising several weeds of dif 1. promote the interchange of information on aquatic
ferent life form' (Sculthorpe, 1967). This challenge weed problems between members of the Society
of managing aquatic plants has been recognised for a by organising symposia at regular intervals;
long time and, since the 1960's, the European Weed 2. encourage the co-operation between research sci
Research Society (EWRS) (formerly the European entists working in similar fields on common prob
Weed Research Council) has, through its Working lems by forming working groups to consider spe
Group on Aquatic Weeds, worked to better under cific topics (e.g. the invasion of aquatic and riparian
stand this diverse assemblage of plants and to assist habitats (de Waal et aI., 1994; Pysek et aI., 1995);
in the development and implementation of appropriate 3. develop and maintain contact with other inter
management (Pieterse, 1978). The first aquatic weeds national organisations with similar interests (e.g.
symposium was held in Oxford in 1965 followed by Aquatic Plant Management Society (USA»;
symposia at Oldenburg (1967), Oxford (1971), Vienna
4. stimulate and encourage members to contribute
(1974) Amsterdam (1978), Novi Sad (1982) (in asso-
items of information on aquatic weeds and news
x
of individuals working on them to the EWRS concerned with the utilisation of aquatic plants, pro
Newsletter. portionately more in this current volume than in any
An important milestone in the life of the Work previous one.
ing Group on Aquatic Weeds was the publication of Pieterse (1978) commented on the decrease in the
Pieterse & Murphy (1990), a text comprehensively relative interest in chemical control of aquatic weeds,
reviewing aquatic plant management. 25% of the papers being on that topic at the 1978
Amsterdam meeting compared to 50% in the previous
proceedings. This trend did not hold good for the 1982
A review of the contents of EWRS International meeting but the percentage of papers on herbicides
Symposia on Aquatic Weeds (1967-1994) has subsequently decreased substantially (Table 1).
Chemical control in or near water has always been
The 270 delegates from 35 countries world-wide a sensitive issue and currently many agencies and even
attending the 9th International Symposium on Aquatic states are reluctant to use chemicals and some prohibit
Weeds illustrated the sustained interest in the manage such management. The high percentage of papers on
ment and ecology of freshwater plants and the con herbicides in the earlier symposia tended to focus on
tinuing need for up-to-date information on methods up-and-coming and recently released herbicides. The
to control aquatic weed species. Whilst the majority agrochemical industry currently sees little potential in
of delegates were from Europe, there was a signifi herbicides for use in or near water and there are no
cant number from North America. The content of the compounds which have generated any serious interest
papers published in this volume have been compared in recent years.
with those of the previous seven symposia (for which Given the decline, not only in investigations into
published proceedings are available) and some inter the use and effects of herbicides but also in their actual
esting trends are apparent. The call for papers for the use, one would have expected an increase in interest
symposium has always been very open and the topics and research into other forms of management, notably
identified very similar. The division of the papers into physical and biological control. This is not borne out in
the different topics is clear cut for most papers. Some Table 1. Physical control has, apart from 1971, always
have been allocated on a split basis between two topic accounted for only 5-12% of the papers. Biological
headings, e.g., Engelhardt (1974) consider the regula control was a particular focus in 1971, 1974 and 1978,
tion of the use of herbicides for aquatic weed control and in 1982 the EWRS 6th International Symposium
in the German Federal Republic and the paper has on Aquatic Weeds (1982) was held in conjunction with
been included under 'Control: chemical' and 'Control: the 2nd International Symposium on Herbivorous Fish.
strategic and regional studies'. A minority of papers Since then, however, there has been relatively little
have been unclassified. In all cases the data are related interest in the topic. This might be explained by this
to the year of the symposium which, except for the topic being reported in another publication but none
9th symposium, is also the date of publication of the has been identified.
proceedings.
The numbers of papers concerned with ecology,
plant-environment interactions and distribution has Contributors to the EWRS Aquatic Weeds
increased whilst those concerned with control per se Symposia
have declined (Table 1). The largest number of papers
concerning the former was at the 1986 meeting which Since 1967 the proceedings of the International Sym
is at least partly explained by symposium being run by posia on Aquatic Weeds have published contributions
the EWRS and the Association of Applied Biologists. from 40 different countries, over half of which were
This shift in emphasis is in part due to the recognition European (Table 2). The pattern of these contributions
of the complexity of aquatic weed control so clearly is worthy of note. Table 2 shows the number of papers
spelt out by Sculthorpe (1967) such that 'weed con published in the proceedings by authors on the basis
trol' is being displaced by 'plant management'. It is of their country, a straightforward assessment for most
significant that the Hyacinth Control Journal in the papers. Where a paper is written by authors from more
United Sates of America became the Journal of Aquat than one country, this is recognised in the scoring. In
ic Plant Management Society. Another indicator of this a few cases the paper is written by an author from
shift in emphasis is the increase in numbers of papers one country but is about aquatic plant management in