Man Under Vibration: Suffering and Protection, Proceedings of the International CISM-IFTo: MM-WHO Symposium

445 Pages·1981·5.606 MB·iii-xiv, 1-437\445

by  G. Bianchi, K.V. Frolov and A. Olędzki (Eds.)

Studies in EnvironmentalScience 13
MAN UNDER VIBRATION
SUFFERING AND PROTECTION
Proceedings ofthe InternationalCISM-IFToMM-WHOSymposium.
Udlne.ltaly,April3-8. 1979
edited by
G. Bianchi
Technicsl UniversityofMilsno
Depsrtment ofMechsnics, Milano
K. V. Frolov
Instituteforthe Study ofMachines
Acsdemy ofSciences ofthe U.S.S.R., Moscow
A.OI,dzki
Warsaw Technicsl University
InstituteofAppliedMechsnics, Wsrssw
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1981
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Library ofCongress Cataloging InPublication Data
InternationalCISM-IFToMM-Symposium,Udine,Italy,1979.
Manundervibration,suffering and protection.
(Studies inenvironmental science; 13)
Bibliography: p.
1.Vibration-Physiological effect-Congresses.
2.Vibrationsyndrome-congresses. I.Bianchi,
Giovanni,1924- II.Frolov,K.V.
III.OlQdzki,Andrzej. IV.Title. V.Series.
QP82.2.V5157 1979 612’.01445 81-262
ISBN0-444-99743-1 (Vol.13) MCR1
0-444-41696-X (Series)
'
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No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored
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ORGANIZINGCOMM1TI’EE
Chairman:
Prof’. K. FROLOV
Corresponding-memberof the USSR Academy of Sciences
Mech. Eng. Research Inst.
Griboedov Street 4, Moscow-Centre, 101000 (USSR)
Vice-chairmen:
Ph. D. Donald W. BADGER
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 (USA)
Prof’. G. BIANCHI
Secretary General of’ CISM
Piazza Garibaldi 18, Udine (Italy)
Members:
Academician G. BRANKOV
1, Noemvri Street, Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia
(Bulgaria)
Dr. M.A. EL BATAWI ,
Chief’ Medical Officer, WHO, 1211 Geneva 27 (Switzerland)
Prof’. D.P. GARG
Dept. of’ Mech. Eng. and Material Science, Duke University,
Durham, N.C. 27706 (USA)
IX
Prof. Dh. N. GHISTA
AMES Research Center
Moffett Field, California 94035 (USA)
Prof. H.E. von GIERKE
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory
Wright-PattersonAir Force Base, Ohio 45433 (USA)
Dr. M.J. GRIFFIN
Institute of Sound and Vibration, University of
Southampton
SouthamptonS09 5NH (UK)
Prof. G. JANSEN
Institut fUr Arbeits-und Sozialmedizin
Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 6500 Mainz (BRD)
Dr. G. MELTZER
ZentralinstitutfUr Arbeitsschutz,
Gerhart-HauptmannStrasse 1, 8020 Dresden (DDRJ
Prof. A. MORECKI
Secretary General of IFToMM
Al. Niepodleg~o8ci 222, r. 206, 00-663 Warszawa (Poland)
Dr. Ing. st. NEUSCHL
Department of Computers EF-SVST
Vazovova 5, 88019 Bratislava (Czechoslovakia)
Dr. B.M. NIGG
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Weinbergstrasse 98, CH-8006 ZUrich (Switzerland)
Prof. A. STAN
Academy of Sciences, Commission for Acoustics
Calea Victoriei 125, Bucharest (Rumania)
Scientific Secretary:
Prof. A. PEDOTTI
IstitutoElettrotecnica, Politecnico di Milano
P. L. da Vinci 32,20133 Milano (Italy)
x
Secretary:
DZO. A.. BERTOZZI
CIS14
Piazza Garibaldi 18, 33100 Udine (Italy)
XI
FOREWORD
The idea of this symposium originated with Professor Konstantin
Frolov, corresponding member of the Academy of Science of the
U’,S. S.R.. within the framework of a long traditionof cooperation
between the InternationalFederation for the Theory of Machines and
Mechanisms IFToMM, and the InternationalCentre for Mechanical
Sciences CISlVI. This cooperation had already produced several semi›
nars and’advanced courses in various fields of mechanics and bio›
engineering and a series of, I believe, well-known symposia on the
"Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators".
The study of "Man under Vibration ~ Suffering and Protection"
requires several lines of attack. The analysis of the propagationof
vibration in the skeletal and muscular structure of the human body
is a typical. and advanced. problem of mechanics. The mathematical
model of body behaviour can be determined by methods of system
theory and identification. The evaluation of the infiuenoe of vibration
on the body organs and structure is a medical problem. The defini~
tton-of the threshold of allowable vibration must translate clinical
results into mechanical terms. Finally. the design of protective de›
vices relies on the skills of the mechanical engineer and also acqu›
ires an obvious social significance.
XII
One of the aims of our Centre is to encourage the meeting and
cooperation of persons working in different branches of mechanical
and related sciences at both basic and applied levels. The proposal
for the symposium was therefore received at CISM with the greatest
interest, and was immediately accepted.
Working with the members of the organizing committee has been
a rewarding exper-ienee, In particular, I have appreciated the opportu›
nity of becoming better acquainted with the impressive work done in
this field in the Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Aca›
demy of Sciences of the U.S. S.R. under the direction of Professor
F’ro’lov, I am very thankful to Professor Adam Morecki, Secretary
General of IFToMM, for his most valuable contributionto the success
of the symposium through the support of his Federation and for making
it possible to have the Proceedings published by the most cooperative
and efficient Polish Scientific Publishers(PWN). I should also like to
extend hearty thanks to Professor Andrzej Oledzki of the Warsaw
Technical University, who as Polish editor of the Proceedings has
dedicated much enthusiasm, competence and time to the publication of
this volume.
Giovanni Bianchi
Secretary General of CISM
XIII
ALLOCUTION
Dear colleagues, ladies and gentlemen,
First of all I would like to congratulate you on the
opening the First InternationalCISM/IFToMM Symposium on
"Man uE.,.der Vibration", devoted to a great social problem of
internationalscale: the protection of man f~om vibrations
and noise, a typical problem of environmental protection.
It is very important that this first Symposium was or›
ganized in closed cooperation by three internationalorgani›
zations: CISM, IFToMM and WHO. The purposeful work and ef›
forts of these organizations ensured the success of the Sym›
posium. The scientific programme and the careful selection
of papers was the responsibility of the members of the Orga›
nizing Committee. Taking this opportunity, I, as a Chairman
of the Organizing Committee., would like to express my grati›
tude to all the members for their great and fruitful work.
We, scientists and engineers of many countries, have
gathered here in hospitable Italy, in the Head-quarters of
the InternationalCentre for Mechanical Sciences.
A spirit of understanding and cooperation, devotion to
our new, but speedly developing, maybe the most humane scien›
ce - protection of man from vibrations - unite all od us.
I wish I could express confidence in the hope that the
results of our joint work, panel and scientific round table
discussions, will not only further scientific-technical pro›
gress but the cause of peace in our planet as well.
Let me wish all the participants of the First Interna›
tional Symposium great success in their work and express to
all those who have presented scientific papers, sincere gr~›
titude.
I would like to thank our Italian colleagues at the Di›
rection of CISM, in particular, Prof.G.Bianchi, Dr.V.Turello,
Dr.A.Bertozzi and Prof.A.Pedotti for their efforts which pro›
vided the conditions for our fruitful work.
K.V.Frolov
XIV
MODERNPROBLEMSOFVIBRATIONS INTHESYSTEMS
"MAN-MACHINE-ENVIRONMENT"
K.V.Frolov
MechanicalEngineeringResearchInstitute.Moscow.U.S.S.R.
SUMMARY
The characteristics of vibrations acting on man under various
productionconditions are described. The physiological and mechanical
reactions of the human body to vibration are analysed. Results are
presented from experimental studies of the dynamic characteristics
of the human body and the arms of an operator. A significant change
is demonstrated in the parameters of dynamic models of biomecha›
nical systems. associated with a change in position or degree of
muscular tension. The instability of the dynamic characteristics of
the human body under the long-term influence of vibrations is analy›
sed. and mathematical modelling of the active changes in the mecha-
nical parameters of the body by man is discussed. .
Ie VIBRATION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR ARTIFICIALLY
CREATED BY MAN
A. Introduction. During the process of evolution. man conscio›
usly or unconsciously changes his environment. As a result of tech›
nical and industrial progress. resulting from the desire to increase
the speed and power of modern machines and technological equipment.
man has artificially created new external conditions. The significance
of certain individual environmentalfactors. previously insignificant
1
for human life, has significantly increased as a result.
This tendency is doubtless clearly seen if we consider vibration
- mechanical oscillations of elastic bodies of various shapes - which
man encounters every day at the present time.
Man’s desire to mechanize heavy manual labor, as well as the
desire to travel rapidly over long distances, has resulted in the crea›
tion of effective machines "and highspeed transportationequipment;
however, as technology has developed, the problem of protecting man
from the harmful influence of vibration loads generated by various
machines, mechanisms and automatic productionlines as they function
has become acute.
The problem of the interaction of man with his environment has
become the theme of the century. The study of the influence of vibra›
tion on man in order to create effective means of vibration protection
is a part of the overall struggle for quality of the environment of our
planet, for improvement of the life of man on Earth, for protection
of the natural riches around us. This modern problemhas both social
and economic aspects.
B. Classification of Vibrations. There is no one single type of
vibration in nature. The concept of vibration actually covers a great
variety of physical phenomena and processes. It is not surprising
therefore that a universal means for protecting man from vibration
and the noise which it generates has never been created.
The great variety of oscillating processes which man encounters
in his daily life is divided first Of all into two classes. The first
class includes vibrations, the behavior of which can be predicted in
advance, given certain a priori information. These oscillating pro›
cesses are called deterministic vibrations. A deter-mmtattc physical.
process can be mathematically assigned as a certain definite function
of time. A classical. example is foundin stable harmonic vibrations,
described by the function:
u (t ) = u cosw t,
o
2