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Man Under Vibration: Suffering and Protection, Proceedings of the International CISM-IFTo: MM-WHO Symposium PDF

445 Pages·1981·5.606 MB·iii-xiv, 1-437\445
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Studies in EnvironmentalScience 13 MAN UNDER VIBRATION SUFFERING AND PROTECTION Proceedings ofthe InternationalCISM-IFToMM-WHOSymposium. Udlne.ltaly,April3-8. 1979 edited by G. Bianchi Technicsl UniversityofMilsno Depsrtment ofMechsnics, Milano K. V. Frolov Instituteforthe Study ofMachines Acsdemy ofSciences ofthe U.S.S.R., Moscow A.OI,dzki Warsaw Technicsl University InstituteofAppliedMechsnics, Wsrssw ELSEVIER SCIENTIFICPUBLISHINGCOMPANY AMSTERDAM-oXFORD-NEW YORK PWN- POLISHSCIENTIFICPUBLISHERS WARSZAWA 1981 Distributionof this book is being handled by the following publishers for the U.S.A. and Canada ELSEVIER/NORTH-HOLLAND, INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 for Albania, Bulgaria, Chinese People’s Republic, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Korean People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the U.S.S.R., Vietnam and Yugoslavia ARS POLONA Krakowskie Przedmiescie 7, 00-068 Warszawa, Poland for all remaining areas ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 335 Jan vanGalenstraat. P.O. Box211 1000AEAmsterdam, TheNetherlands Library ofCongress Cataloging InPublication Data InternationalCISM-IFToMM-Symposium,Udine,Italy,1979. Manundervibration,suffering and protection. (Studies inenvironmental science; 13) Bibliography: p. 1.Vibration-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2.Vibrationsyndrome-congresses. I.Bianchi, Giovanni,1924- II.Frolov,K.V. III.OlQdzki,Andrzej. IV.Title. V.Series. QP82.2.V5157 1979 612’.01445 81-262 ISBN0-444-99743-1 (Vol.13) MCR1 0-444-41696-X (Series) ' Copyright by PWN- Polish SCientific Publishers - Warszawa 1981 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored to a retrieval system or transmitted Inany form.or by any means, electronic. mechanical. photocopying, recording, or otherwise. Withoutthe prior written permission of the publisher. Printed inPoland ORGANIZINGCOMM1TI’EE Chairman: Prof’. K. FROLOV Corresponding-memberof the USSR Academy of Sciences Mech. Eng. Research Inst. Griboedov Street 4, Moscow-Centre, 101000 (USSR) Vice-chairmen: Ph. D. Donald W. BADGER National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 (USA) Prof’. G. BIANCHI Secretary General of’ CISM Piazza Garibaldi 18, Udine (Italy) Members: Academician G. BRANKOV 1, Noemvri Street, Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia (Bulgaria) Dr. M.A. EL BATAWI , Chief’ Medical Officer, WHO, 1211 Geneva 27 (Switzerland) Prof’. D.P. GARG Dept. of’ Mech. Eng. and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, N.C. 27706 (USA) IX Prof. Dh. N. GHISTA AMES Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035 (USA) Prof. H.E. von GIERKE Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Wright-PattersonAir Force Base, Ohio 45433 (USA) Dr. M.J. GRIFFIN Institute of Sound and Vibration, University of Southampton SouthamptonS09 5NH (UK) Prof. G. JANSEN Institut fUr Arbeits-und Sozialmedizin Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 6500 Mainz (BRD) Dr. G. MELTZER ZentralinstitutfUr Arbeitsschutz, Gerhart-HauptmannStrasse 1, 8020 Dresden (DDRJ Prof. A. MORECKI Secretary General of IFToMM Al. Niepodleg~o8ci 222, r. 206, 00-663 Warszawa (Poland) Dr. Ing. st. NEUSCHL Department of Computers EF-SVST Vazovova 5, 88019 Bratislava (Czechoslovakia) Dr. B.M. NIGG Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Weinbergstrasse 98, CH-8006 ZUrich (Switzerland) Prof. A. STAN Academy of Sciences, Commission for Acoustics Calea Victoriei 125, Bucharest (Rumania) Scientific Secretary: Prof. A. PEDOTTI IstitutoElettrotecnica, Politecnico di Milano P. L. da Vinci 32,20133 Milano (Italy) x Secretary: DZO. A.. BERTOZZI CIS14 Piazza Garibaldi 18, 33100 Udine (Italy) XI FOREWORD The idea of this symposium originated with Professor Konstantin Frolov, corresponding member of the Academy of Science of the U’,S. S.R.. within the framework of a long traditionof cooperation between the InternationalFederation for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms IFToMM, and the InternationalCentre for Mechanical Sciences CISlVI. This cooperation had already produced several semi› nars and’advanced courses in various fields of mechanics and bio› engineering and a series of, I believe, well-known symposia on the "Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators". The study of "Man under Vibration ~ Suffering and Protection" requires several lines of attack. The analysis of the propagationof vibration in the skeletal and muscular structure of the human body is a typical. and advanced. problem of mechanics. The mathematical model of body behaviour can be determined by methods of system theory and identification. The evaluation of the infiuenoe of vibration on the body organs and structure is a medical problem. The defini~ tton-of the threshold of allowable vibration must translate clinical results into mechanical terms. Finally. the design of protective de› vices relies on the skills of the mechanical engineer and also acqu› ires an obvious social significance. XII One of the aims of our Centre is to encourage the meeting and cooperation of persons working in different branches of mechanical and related sciences at both basic and applied levels. The proposal for the symposium was therefore received at CISM with the greatest interest, and was immediately accepted. Working with the members of the organizing committee has been a rewarding exper-ienee, In particular, I have appreciated the opportu› nity of becoming better acquainted with the impressive work done in this field in the Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Aca› demy of Sciences of the U.S. S.R. under the direction of Professor F’ro’lov, I am very thankful to Professor Adam Morecki, Secretary General of IFToMM, for his most valuable contributionto the success of the symposium through the support of his Federation and for making it possible to have the Proceedings published by the most cooperative and efficient Polish Scientific Publishers(PWN). I should also like to extend hearty thanks to Professor Andrzej Oledzki of the Warsaw Technical University, who as Polish editor of the Proceedings has dedicated much enthusiasm, competence and time to the publication of this volume. Giovanni Bianchi Secretary General of CISM XIII ALLOCUTION Dear colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, First of all I would like to congratulate you on the opening the First InternationalCISM/IFToMM Symposium on "Man uE.,.der Vibration", devoted to a great social problem of internationalscale: the protection of man f~om vibrations and noise, a typical problem of environmental protection. It is very important that this first Symposium was or› ganized in closed cooperation by three internationalorgani› zations: CISM, IFToMM and WHO. The purposeful work and ef› forts of these organizations ensured the success of the Sym› posium. The scientific programme and the careful selection of papers was the responsibility of the members of the Orga› nizing Committee. Taking this opportunity, I, as a Chairman of the Organizing Committee., would like to express my grati› tude to all the members for their great and fruitful work. We, scientists and engineers of many countries, have gathered here in hospitable Italy, in the Head-quarters of the InternationalCentre for Mechanical Sciences. A spirit of understanding and cooperation, devotion to our new, but speedly developing, maybe the most humane scien› ce - protection of man from vibrations - unite all od us. I wish I could express confidence in the hope that the results of our joint work, panel and scientific round table discussions, will not only further scientific-technical pro› gress but the cause of peace in our planet as well. Let me wish all the participants of the First Interna› tional Symposium great success in their work and express to all those who have presented scientific papers, sincere gr~› titude. I would like to thank our Italian colleagues at the Di› rection of CISM, in particular, Prof.G.Bianchi, Dr.V.Turello, Dr.A.Bertozzi and Prof.A.Pedotti for their efforts which pro› vided the conditions for our fruitful work. K.V.Frolov XIV MODERNPROBLEMSOFVIBRATIONS INTHESYSTEMS "MAN-MACHINE-ENVIRONMENT" K.V.Frolov MechanicalEngineeringResearchInstitute.Moscow.U.S.S.R. SUMMARY The characteristics of vibrations acting on man under various productionconditions are described. The physiological and mechanical reactions of the human body to vibration are analysed. Results are presented from experimental studies of the dynamic characteristics of the human body and the arms of an operator. A significant change is demonstrated in the parameters of dynamic models of biomecha› nical systems. associated with a change in position or degree of muscular tension. The instability of the dynamic characteristics of the human body under the long-term influence of vibrations is analy› sed. and mathematical modelling of the active changes in the mecha- nical parameters of the body by man is discussed. . Ie VIBRATION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR ARTIFICIALLY CREATED BY MAN A. Introduction. During the process of evolution. man conscio› usly or unconsciously changes his environment. As a result of tech› nical and industrial progress. resulting from the desire to increase the speed and power of modern machines and technological equipment. man has artificially created new external conditions. The significance of certain individual environmentalfactors. previously insignificant 1 for human life, has significantly increased as a result. This tendency is doubtless clearly seen if we consider vibration - mechanical oscillations of elastic bodies of various shapes - which man encounters every day at the present time. Man’s desire to mechanize heavy manual labor, as well as the desire to travel rapidly over long distances, has resulted in the crea› tion of effective machines "and highspeed transportationequipment; however, as technology has developed, the problem of protecting man from the harmful influence of vibration loads generated by various machines, mechanisms and automatic productionlines as they function has become acute. The problem of the interaction of man with his environment has become the theme of the century. The study of the influence of vibra› tion on man in order to create effective means of vibration protection is a part of the overall struggle for quality of the environment of our planet, for improvement of the life of man on Earth, for protection of the natural riches around us. This modern problemhas both social and economic aspects. B. Classification of Vibrations. There is no one single type of vibration in nature. The concept of vibration actually covers a great variety of physical phenomena and processes. It is not surprising therefore that a universal means for protecting man from vibration and the noise which it generates has never been created. The great variety of oscillating processes which man encounters in his daily life is divided first Of all into two classes. The first class includes vibrations, the behavior of which can be predicted in advance, given certain a priori information. These oscillating pro› cesses are called deterministic vibrations. A deter-mmtattc physical. process can be mathematically assigned as a certain definite function of time. A classical. example is foundin stable harmonic vibrations, described by the function: u (t ) = u cosw t, o 2

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