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MaMMalian Tox i c o l o g y E B Mohamed B. Abou-Donia ditEd y Mammalian Toxicology Mammalian Toxicology Edited by Mohamed B. Abou-Donia Thiseditionfirstpublished2015 ©2015JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Registeredoffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethe copyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailablein electronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesandproduct namesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.The publisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,they makenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecifically disclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthe publisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamages arisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbe sought Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforeverysituation.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipment modifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtotheuseofexperimental reagents,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsertor instructionsforeachchemical,pieceofequipment,reagent,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsor indicationofusageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.ThefactthatanorganizationorWebsiteisreferredtointhisworkas acitationand/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthattheauthororthepublisherendorsestheinformation theorganizationorWebsitemayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatInternet Websiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.No warrantymaybecreatedorextendedbyanypromotionalstatementsforthiswork.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbe liableforanydamagesarisingherefrom. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Mammaliantoxicology/editedbyMohamedB.Abou-Donia. pagescm Includesindex. ISBN978-1-119-94041-8(cloth) 1.Mammals–Effectofchemicalson. 2.Toxicitytesting. 3.Toxicology. I.Abou-Donia,MohamedB. QL739.2.M3562015 591.7′14–dc23 2014035960 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN:9781119940418 Setin10/12.5ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2015 I dedicate this book to my loving wife, Martha, and my children, Rick, Sheref, and Suzy. About the Editor Professor Mohamed Bahie Abou-Donia is Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology at Duke University MedicalCenter.HealsoholdsasecondaryappointmentasaProfessorofNeurobiology.Prof.Abou-Doniaobtained hisBSdegreefromAlexandriaUniversity,EgyptandhisPh.D.fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.After obtaining his Ph.D. he held a Post-Doctoral position at Texas A&M University followed by an Assistant Professor positionatAlexandriaUniversityjustbeforejoiningDukeUniversityMedicalCenter.HeisaCertifiedToxicologist bytheAmericanBoardofToxicologyandtheAcademyofToxicologicalSciences.HewastheDeputyDirectorofthe ToxicologyProgramatDukeUniversityfrom1981to1995,andin2004wasawardedaprestigiousFulbrightAward tostudytheimpactofpesticidesontheenvironmentinEgypt.Hisresearchprogramisdirectedtowardunderstanding thebasic mechanisms by which chemicals, including pesticides, solvents, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, drugs and nerve agents, adversely affect the nervous system. Prof. Abou-Donia is most well-known for defining two new concepts in toxicology: (i) Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neurotoxicity (OPIDN); and (ii) Organophosphate- InducedChronicNeurotoxicity(OPICN).Theseconceptshaveledtoanunderstandingofthemechanismsbywhich early exposure to organophosphates can have lasting effects that are manifest late in life, and have also led to the developmentofalikelyexplanationforGulfWarVeterans’Illnesses(GWVI).Prof.Abou-Donia’slaboratorywasthe first to investigate the mechanisms of the GWVI, demonstrate the involvement of combined chemical exposure and stressinthedevelopmentofthisdisease,anddeveloptreatmentfortheveterans.Duringthepastfewyearshehasbeen engagedinresearchtodefinenervoussysteminjuryresultingfromoccupationalexposuretochemicals.Specifically,he hasdevelopedaninnovativenewperipheralbloodtestthatcandeterminethepotentialforbraininjuryfromchemicals, traumaandothernervoussystemdiseases.Hisresearchprogramhasbeenfundedbyprivateorganizations,including theRockefellerFoundationandtheWorldHealthOrganization,aswellasfederalagenciessuchasNIESH,NIOSH, EPA,USDA,andDOD.Prof.Abou-Donia’sresearchhashadapositiveimpactonpublicpolicyinitiativestoregulate environmentalandoccupationalexposuretohazardouschemicals.Hehasbeenaskedtoparticipateinmanylegislative proceedingsandhastestifiedbeforeCongress(US),HouseofLords(UK)andtheBundestag(Germany)onabroad rangeofrelatedtopics,suchasorganophosphateexposureandGulfWarsyndrome,farmersexposedtosheep-dip,and airemissionsinaircraft.HeparticipatedinastudyontheinvolvementofMMRvaccineinthedevelopmentofautism inchildrenintheUK.Prof.Abou-DoniateachesClinicalToxicology,MammalianToxicology,Neurotoxicologyand CaseStudiesinToxicologytograduateandundergraduatestudents.Duringhisacademiccareerhehaspublishedover 300exceptionallywell-citedpapersonvariousaspectsofenvironmentalandmammaliantoxicology,aswellasatext book,Neurotoxicology.Prof.Abou-DoniawasamemberoftheDukeUniversityAnimalCareandUseCommitteefor 15years,andcurrentlyisamemberoftheExecutiveCommitteeforAdmissionofMedicalStudents.

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Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as contaminated water, soil and air. Start
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MaMMalian Tox i c o l o g y E B Mohamed B. Abou-Donia ditEd y Mammalian Toxicology Mammalian Toxicology Edited by Mohamed B. Abou-Donia Thiseditionfirstpublished2015 ©2015JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Registeredoffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethe copyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailablein electronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesandproduct namesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.The publisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,they makenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecifically disclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthe publisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamages arisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbe sought Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforeverysituation.Inviewofongoingresearch,equipment modifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtotheuseofexperimental reagents,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsertor instructionsforeachchemical,pieceofequipment,reagent,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsor indicationofusageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.ThefactthatanorganizationorWebsiteisreferredtointhisworkas acitationand/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthattheauthororthepublisherendorsestheinformation theorganizationorWebsitemayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatInternet Websiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.No warrantymaybecreatedorextendedbyanypromotionalstatementsforthiswork.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbe liableforanydamagesarisingherefrom. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Mammaliantoxicology/editedbyMohamedB.Abou-Donia. pagescm Includesindex. ISBN978-1-119-94041-8(cloth) 1.Mammals–Effectofchemicalson. 2.Toxicitytesting. 3.Toxicology. I.Abou-Donia,MohamedB. QL739.2.M3562015 591.7′14–dc23 2014035960 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN:9781119940418 Setin10/12.5ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2015 I dedicate this book to my loving wife, Martha, and my children, Rick, Sheref, and Suzy. About the Editor Professor Mohamed Bahie Abou-Donia is Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology at Duke University MedicalCenter.HealsoholdsasecondaryappointmentasaProfessorofNeurobiology.Prof.Abou-Doniaobtained hisBSdegreefromAlexandriaUniversity,EgyptandhisPh.D.fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.After obtaining his Ph.D. he held a Post-Doctoral position at Texas A&M University followed by an Assistant Professor positionatAlexandriaUniversityjustbeforejoiningDukeUniversityMedicalCenter.HeisaCertifiedToxicologist bytheAmericanBoardofToxicologyandtheAcademyofToxicologicalSciences.HewastheDeputyDirectorofthe ToxicologyProgramatDukeUniversityfrom1981to1995,andin2004wasawardedaprestigiousFulbrightAward tostudytheimpactofpesticidesontheenvironmentinEgypt.Hisresearchprogramisdirectedtowardunderstanding thebasic mechanisms by which chemicals, including pesticides, solvents, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, drugs and nerve agents, adversely affect the nervous system. Prof. Abou-Donia is most well-known for defining two new concepts in toxicology: (i) Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neurotoxicity (OPIDN); and (ii) Organophosphate- InducedChronicNeurotoxicity(OPICN).Theseconceptshaveledtoanunderstandingofthemechanismsbywhich early exposure to organophosphates can have lasting effects that are manifest late in life, and have also led to the developmentofalikelyexplanationforGulfWarVeterans’Illnesses(GWVI).Prof.Abou-Donia’slaboratorywasthe first to investigate the mechanisms of the GWVI, demonstrate the involvement of combined chemical exposure and stressinthedevelopmentofthisdisease,anddeveloptreatmentfortheveterans.Duringthepastfewyearshehasbeen engagedinresearchtodefinenervoussysteminjuryresultingfromoccupationalexposuretochemicals.Specifically,he hasdevelopedaninnovativenewperipheralbloodtestthatcandeterminethepotentialforbraininjuryfromchemicals, traumaandothernervoussystemdiseases.Hisresearchprogramhasbeenfundedbyprivateorganizations,including theRockefellerFoundationandtheWorldHealthOrganization,aswellasfederalagenciessuchasNIESH,NIOSH, EPA,USDA,andDOD.Prof.Abou-Donia’sresearchhashadapositiveimpactonpublicpolicyinitiativestoregulate environmentalandoccupationalexposuretohazardouschemicals.Hehasbeenaskedtoparticipateinmanylegislative proceedingsandhastestifiedbeforeCongress(US),HouseofLords(UK)andtheBundestag(Germany)onabroad rangeofrelatedtopics,suchasorganophosphateexposureandGulfWarsyndrome,farmersexposedtosheep-dip,and airemissionsinaircraft.HeparticipatedinastudyontheinvolvementofMMRvaccineinthedevelopmentofautism inchildrenintheUK.Prof.Abou-DoniateachesClinicalToxicology,MammalianToxicology,Neurotoxicologyand CaseStudiesinToxicologytograduateandundergraduatestudents.Duringhisacademiccareerhehaspublishedover 300exceptionallywell-citedpapersonvariousaspectsofenvironmentalandmammaliantoxicology,aswellasatext book,Neurotoxicology.Prof.Abou-DoniawasamemberoftheDukeUniversityAnimalCareandUseCommitteefor 15years,andcurrentlyisamemberoftheExecutiveCommitteeforAdmissionofMedicalStudents.

Description:
Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as contaminated water, soil and air. Start
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