Malignancies of the Groin: Surgical and Anatomic Considerations

248 Pages·2018·6.92 MB·English

by  Keith A. Delman

Malignancies
of the Groin
Surgical and Anatomic
Considerations
Keith A. Delman
Viraj A. Master
Editors
123
Malignancies of the Groin
Keith A. Delman • Viraj A. Master
Editors
Malignancies of the Groin
Surgical and Anatomic Considerations
Editors
Keith A. Delman Viraj A. Master
Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Urology
Department of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA
Atlanta, GA USA
USA
ISBN 978-3-319-60857-0 ISBN 978-3-319-60858-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60858-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955813
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Contents
1 History of Minimally Invasive Inguinal Lymphadenectomy . . . . . . . 1
Marcos Tobias-Machado, Marcio Covas Moschovas, and Antonio
Augusto Ornellas
2 Epidemiology of Diseases of the Groin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Michael Lowe
3 Anatomy of the Groin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Andre Granger, Theofanis Kollias, and Marios Loukas
4 Complications of Inguinal Lymphadenectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Avinash Chenam and S. Mohammad A. Jafri
5 Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Lymphedema . . . . . . . . . . 55
Stephanie Kirkpatrick and Angela Cheng
6 Surgical and Anatomic Considerations of Malignancies
Affecting the Groin: Consideration for Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Alexander C.J. van Akkooi
7 Considerations for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer:
Clinical Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Matthew C. Perez, Carrie Luu, Amod A. Sarnaik,
and Jonathan S. Zager
8 Considerations for Vulvar Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Vasileios D. Sioulas and Yukio Sonoda
9 C linical Considerations and Surgical Management of Groin
Disease in Penile and Scrotal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Christine Ibilibor, Pranav Sharma, and Philippe E. Spiess
10 Soft Tissue Tumors of the Groin and Inguinal Region . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Stefano Radaelli, Chiara Colombo, Marco Fiore,
and Alessandro Gronchi
v
vi Contents
11 Malignant Inguinal Adenopathy: Considerations
for the Radiation Oncologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Martin Korzeniowski and Juanita Crook
12 Surgical Technique for Open Inguinal Lymphadenectomy . . . . . . . . 185
Andrew J. Spillane and John F. Thompson
13 Surgical Technique for Minimally Invasive
Inguinal Lymphadenectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Clara Farley, Keith A. Delman, and Viraj A. Master
14 Other Approaches for Reducing Surgical Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Antonio Sommariva
15 Surgical and Anatomic Considerations
of Malignancies Affecting the Groin: Reconstructive
Approaches to the Groin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Seyed Amirhossein Razavi, Karan A. Desai, Albert Liao, and Albert
Losken
16 Quality of Life and Outcomes in Patients
with Malignancies of the Groin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Andrew J. Lambour and Sandra L. Wong
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Contributors
Alexander C.J. van Akkooi, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Surgical Oncology,
Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Angela Cheng, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Winship
Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Avinash Chenam, M.D. Division of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Department
of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
Chiara Colombo, M.D. Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Juanita Crook, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. Division of Radiotherapy and Developmental
Radiotherapeutics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British
Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Keith A. Delman, M.D., F.A.C.S. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of
Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Karan A. Desai, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory
University Hospital Midtown, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
GA, USA
Clara Farley, M.D. Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Marco Fiore, M.D. Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS
Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Andre  Granger, M.D. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s
University School of Medicine, Grenada, W.I.
Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Hospital - Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA
Alessandro Gronchi, M.D. Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
vii
viii Contributors
Christine Ibilibor, M.D. Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health
Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
S. Mohammad A. Jafri, M.D. Department of Urology, Beaumont Health System,
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
Stephanie Kirkpatrick, P.T., D.P.T., C.L.T. Department of Radiation Oncology,
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Lymphedema Clinic, Atlanta, GA,
USA
Theofanis  Kollias, M.D. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s
University School of Medicine, Grenada, W.I.
Martin  Korzeniowski, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. Division of Radiotherapy and
Developmental Radiotherapeutics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University
of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Andrew  J.  Lambour, M.D. Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
Albert Liao, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory
University Hospital Midtown, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
Albert  Losken, M.D., F.A.C.S. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of
Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Marios Loukas, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s
University School of Medicine, Grenada, W.I.
Michael Lowe, M.D. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery,
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Carrie Luu, M.D. Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center,
Tampa, Florida, USA
Viraj A. Master, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.S. Department of Urology, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Marcio Covas Moschovas, M.D. Section of Urologic Oncology, Department of
Urology, ABC Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
Antonio Augusto Ornellas, M.D., Ph.D. Section of Urologic Oncology, National
Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Matthew C. Perez, M.D. Department of Surgery, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Stefano Radaelli, M.D. Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Contributors ix
Seyed Amirhossein Razavi, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of
Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Amod A. Sarnaik, M.D., F.A.C.S. Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt
Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
Pranav Sharma, M.D. Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health
Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
Vasileios D. Sioulas, M.D., Ph.D. Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery,
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Antonio Sommariva, M.D. Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology,
IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
Yukio Sonoda, M.D. Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Philippe E. Spiess, M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S. Department of Genitourinary
Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
Andrew  J.  Spillane, M.D., F.R.A.C.S. Melanoma Institute Australia, The
University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
John F. Thompson, M.D., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S. Melanoma Institute Australia,
The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Marcos Tobias-Machado, M.D., Ph.D. Section of Urologic Oncology, Department
of Urology, ABC Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
Sandra L. Wong, M.D., M.S. Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
Jonathan S. Zager, M.D., F.A.C.S. Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt
Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
Chapter 1
History of Minimally Invasive
Inguinal Lymphadenectomy
Marcos Tobias-Machado, Marcio Covas Moschovas,
and Antonio Augusto Ornellas
Twentieth Century: Traditional Surgery Era
Cancer of the penis has been recognized for centuries, and its management was first
described by Celsus [1] in the seventeenth century when he recommended an ampu-
tation for a penile carcinoma with cauterization of the raw stump to control bleed-
ing. However, only in the 1800s was inguinal lymphadenectomy recognized as a
routine to treat inguinal metastases [1, 2].
Almost 200 years from the first procedure to treat penile cancer, Young, in 1907,
recommended bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy simultaneously with the penec-
tomy for penile carcinoma [3].
Daseler and associates, in 1948, after the dissection of 450 cadavers, found the
precise inguinal anatomic parameters, and Baronofsky, in the same year, advocated
one technique that is still widely employed, the transposition of sartorius muscle
over the femoral vessels [4].
The first technique described for inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) for
penile cancer found in Medline resources was attributed to Zenker and Pichlmaier
in 1966 [5]. Since then, hundreds of modifications and new approaches have been
published.
Fegen and Persky first associated the success of a complete inguinal dissection
with an increase in penile cancer survival rates [6].
M. Tobias-Machado (*) • M.C. Moschovas
Section of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology,
ABC Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
A.A. Ornellas
Section of Urologic Oncology, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 1
K.A. Delman, V.A. Master (eds.), Malignancies of the Groin,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60858-7_1