Malaysian Statistics on Medicines 2005

142 Pages·2007·2.22 MB·English

Malaysian
STATISTICS ON MEDICINE
2005
Edited by:
Sameerah S.A.R
Sarojini S.
With contributions from
Goh A, Faridah A, Rosminah MD, Radzi H, Azuana R, Letchuman R,
Muruga V, Zanariah H, Oiyammal C, Sim KH, Fong AYY, Tamil Selvan M, Basariah N, Hooi LS,
Zaki Morad, Fadilah O, Lim V.K.E., Tan KK, Biswal BM, Lim YS, Lim GCC, Mohammad Anwar H.A,
Ahmad Sabri O, Mary SC, Marzida M, Benjamin Chan TM, Suarn Singh, Zoriah A, Noor Ratna N ,
Abdul Razak M, Norzila Z, Shamsinah H
A publication of the
Pharmaceutical Services Division and the Clinical Research Centre
Ministry of Health Malaysia

Malaysian
Statistics On Medicine
22000055
Edited by:
Sameerah S.A.R
Sarojini S.
With contributions from
Goh A, Faridah A, Rosminah MD, Radzi H, Azuana R, Letchuman R,
Muruga V, Zanariah H, Oiyammal C, Sim KH, Fong AYY, Tamil Selvan M, Basariah N, Hooi LS,
Zaki Morad, Fadilah O, Lim V.K.E., Tan KK, Biswal BM, Lim YS, Lim GCC, Mohammad Anwar H.A,
Ahmad Sabri O, Mary SC, Marzida M, Benjamin Chan TM, Suarn Singh, Zoriah A, Noor Ratna N ,
Abdul Razak M, Norzila Z, Shamsinah H
A publication of the
Pharmaceutical Services Division and the Clinical Research Centre
Ministry of Health Malaysia
Malaysian Statistics On Medicine 2005
April 2007
© Ministry of Health Malaysia
Published by:
The National Medicines Use Survey
Pharmaceutical Services Division
Lot 36, Jalan Universiti
46350 Petaling Jaya
Selangor, Malaysia
Tel. : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
e-mail : [email protected]
Web site : http://www.crc.gov.my/nmus

This report is copyrighted. However it may be freely reproduced without the permission of the National Medicines
Use Survey. Acknowledgement would be appreciated. Suggested citation is Sameerah S.A.R, Sarojini S. (Eds).
Malaysian Statistics on Medicine 2005. Kuala Lumpur 2007
This report is also published electronically on the website of The National Medicines Use Survey at:
http://www.crc.gov.my/nmus
Funding:
The National Medicines Use Survey is funded by a grant from the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MRG-2004-14)
PREFACE
Ensuring access to quality and affordable medicines is one important objective of Malaysia’s National Medicines
Policy. The National Medicines Use Survey (NMUS) was conducted with the intent to continuously and
systematically collect data on medicines in the hope to further improve its use as well as providing a tool for
better decision making in the allocation of healthcare resources for the Malaysian population.
NMUS is into its third year and we are glad to announce the successful publication of its second report, the
Malaysian Statistics on Medicine (MSOM) 2005. It is worthwhile to note that the fi rst report MSOM2004
presented results largely from pilot surveys and using test methods basically to demonstrate that such a project
was feasible in a healthcare system such as Malaysia that has many players. In 2005, we have not only scaled
up the survey with larger sample size and wider distribution, but also refi ned data processing and statistical
methods. The statistical estimates in MSOM2005 are derived using highly elaborate data processing and complex
statistical methods as explained in the Methods section of this publication. Hence results in MSOM2005, in our
opinion are more reliable, more representative and more robust.
Three additional chapters namely Use of Drugs for Acid Related Disorders, Use of Systemic Corticosteroids and
Immunosuppressive Agents and Use of Opioid Analgesics were included in MSOM2005. We are optimistic that
more chapters will be reported in future publications of MSOM.
We hope that this MSOM2005 report will be useful to relevant healthcare professionals serving as a source of
reference and baseline for embark in future research or clinical audits towards improving rational prescribing.
We would like to thank all staff who had worked very hard in ensuring the success of the survey, all agencies and
institutions that had helped in providing data, all expert panel members for their enthusiasm and contributions in
completing the chapter reports and each and everyone who have in one way or another contributed to the success
of NMUS and this publication.
Pharmaceutical Services Division
Clinical Research Centre
Ministry of Health Malaysia
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The National Medicines Use Survey would like to thank the following:
• All the medical doctors, pharmacists and pharmacy assistants who participated in NMUS surveys
• The Association of Private Hospitals Malaysia, Malaysian Organisation of Pharmaceutical Industries and
Pharmaceutical Association of Malaysia for encouraging their members to contribute data to the NMUS
• Participating private hospitals for allowing access to their medicines procurement data
• Pharmaniaga Sdn Bhd for assistance in downloading MOH procurement data
• The National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Family Health Development Division, Procurement Division,
all of the MOH, for their valuable assistance
• The Malaysian Royal Custom Service for permission to download pharmaceutical import data
• The Malaysian Medical Council, Malaysian Medical Association, The Academy of Family Physicians, Primary
Care Doctors Association Malaysia, Malaysian Dental Association, Malaysian Private Dental Practitioner’s
Association, Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society, University Malaya Medical Centre, Hospital University
Kebangsaan and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Lumut Armed Forces Hospital for supporting this
project AND
• All who have in one way or another supported and/or contributed to the success of the NMUS and this
report
Mr. Lai Lim Swee
Chairman
Dr Lim Teck Onn
Co-Chairman
National Medicines Use Survey
Ministry of Health Malaysia
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ABOUT THE NATIONAL MEDICINES USE SURVEY
The National Medicines Survey (NMUS) is a service initiated and supported by the Ministry of Health (MOH)
to collect information on the supply, procurement, prescription, dispensing and use of drugs in Malaysia. The
NMUS is designed to support the implementation of our proposed National Medicines Policy (NMP).
The objectives of NMP are to ensure only safe, effi cacious and good quality medicines are available for use in
Malaysia, as well as to promote equitable access to, rational and cost-effective use of these medicines, ultimately
leading to improved health for all Malaysians. In supporting this, the NMUS provides the functional capacity for
the collection, analysis, reporting and dissemination of data on drug utilisation in Malaysia
Sponsors and Governance of the NMUS
The NMUS is jointly sponsored by Pharmaceutical Services Division and the Clinical Research Centre, Ministry
of Health Malaysia.
A Governance Board is established to oversee the operations of the NMUS. Governance via a Board is necessary
to ensure that the NMUS meets the needs and expectations of all interested parties, and thereby to assure the
continuing relevance and justifi cation of the NMUS. All major groups involved in pharmaceutical issues in
Malaysia such as the MOH, Universities, professional bodies, private healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical
industry are represented on this board. The board also works as a consultative forum and provide advice on issues
pertaining to the NMUS and other aspects of the quality use of medicines.
Purpose of the NMUS
The availability of high quality, reliable and timely information on medicines use is crucial for any discussion on
improving the use of medicines in Malaysia.
The objective of the NMUS is therefore to quantify the present state and time trends of medicines utilisation at
various level of our health care system, whether national, regional, local or institutional.
Routinely compiled statistics on medicines utilisation have many uses, such as to:
1. Estimate the number of medicine users overall, by age, sex and geography and over time
2. Estimate on the basis of known disease epidemiology to what extent medicines are under or over-used.
3. Describe pattern of medicines use through assessing which alternative drugs are being used for particular
conditions and to what extent.
4. Relate the number of adverse drug reactions reported to our pharmacovigilance system to the number of
people exposed to the drug in order to assess the magnitude of the problem, or to estimate the degree of under-
reporting of adverse events
5. Provide a crude estimate of disease prevalence based on its prescription rate.
6. Estimate expenditure on pharmaceuticals, which constitutes a signifi cant proportion of our healthcare
expenditure.
7. Monitor and evaluate the effects of interventions to improve the use of medicines. These interventions may
be educational effort, promotional campaign, formulary restriction, medicines reimbursement scheme or
regulatory measures.
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NMUS GOVERNANCE BOARD
CHAIRMAN: Mr Lai Lim Swee
CO- CHAIRMAN: Dr Lim Teck Onn
MEMBERS
Medical Services, MOH Dato’ Dr. Zaki Morad b. Mohd. Zaher
Pharmaceutical Services, MOH Mr Lai Lim Swee
National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau Ms Eishah bt Abd Rahman
Clinical Research Centre Dr Lim Teck Onn
Family Health and Development Division Ms Sahidah Said
Procurement Division Mr Abdullah Abdul Rahman
Malaysian Medical Council Prof Dr Raymond Ali
Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society Ms Usha Rajasingam
The Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia Dr Mohd Husni B Jamal
Primary Care Doctors Organisation Malaysia Dr Molly Cheah
Malaysian Medical Association Dr M. Ponnusamy A/L Muthaya
Malaysian Dental Association Dr Shubon Sinha Roy
Malaysian Private Dental Practitioner’s Association Dr Haja Badrudeen
Association of Private Hospitals Malaysia Dr T. Mahadevan
Malaysian Organisation of Pharmaceutical Industries Mr Jimmy Piong
Pharmaceutical Association of Malaysia Mr Tom Hart
University Malaya Medical Centre Prof Liam Chong Kin
Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia Prof Dr Mohammad Abdul Razak
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Dr Hj. Ramli Saad
Universiti Sains Malaysia Prof Madya Dr Mohamed Izham b Mohamed Ibrahim
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MEMBERS OF NMUS EXPERT PANELS
Expert Panel
1 Anti- Hypertensives, Steroid & Immunosuppressive, Renal Therapeutics
Members Institution
Dr Zaki Morad Mohd. Zaher (Chairperson) International Medical University
Dr Hooi Lai Seong Department of Nephrology, Sultanah Aminah Hospital,
Johor Bahru
Dr Lim Teck Onn CRC, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Datin Fadilah Othman Pharmacy, Selayang Hospital
Ms Norkasihan Ibrahim Pharmacy, Selayang Hospital
Ms Sahida bt Said Primary Health Care Division MOH
Ms Siti Shahida Md. Shariffudin Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
2 Anti- Diabetics, Endocrine and Metabolic Therapeutics
Members Institution
Dr G. R. Letchuman Ramanathan (Chairperson) Medical Department, Taiping Hospital
Dr Muruga Vadivale Sanofi Aventis
Dr Zanariah Hussein Medical Department, Putrajaya Hospital
Dr Ariza Zakaria CRC, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Dr Yap Piang Kian Subang Jaya Medical Centre
Ms Oiyammal Chelliah Pharmacy, Penang Hospital
Ms Loh Kiaw Moi Xepa-Soul Pattinson
Prof Dr.S.P.Chan Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya
Mr Mohd. Nazri Md Dazali Pharmacy KK Tampin
Mr Mohd. Dziehan Mustapa Pharmacy KK Teluk Panglima Garang
Dr Badrulnizam Medical Department, Putrajaya Hospital
3. Anti-Lipidaemia and Cardiovascular Therapeutics
Members Institution
Prof Dr Sim Kui Hian (Chairperson) Dept of Cardiology, Sarawak General Hospital
Dr Tamil Selvan Muthusamy Damansara Specialist Hospital
Dr. Alan Fong Yean Yip Dept of Cardiology, Sarawak General Hospital
Dr David Quek Kwang Leng Dr Quek Specialist Heart Clinic
Ms Faridah Md. Yusof Pharmacy, Hospital UKM
Ms Basariah Naina Pharmacy, Seremban Hospital
Ms Rohaizan Mohd. Hanafi ah Pharmacy, Pulau Pinang Hospital
Ms Nirmala Jagan Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Ms Yap Yih Jun Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
4 Antineoplastic, Oncology
Members Institution
Ms Lim Yeok Siew (Chairperson) Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Dr Biswas Mohan Biswal Nuclear Medicine Radiotherapy & Oncology,
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Dr. Gerard Lim Chin Chye Dept of Radiotherapy & Oncology,
Kuala Lumpur Hospital
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