Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization (Cambridge Disability Law and Policy Series) PDF
Preview Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization (Cambridge Disability Law and Policy Series)
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information MAKING RIGHTS A REALITY? Making Rights a Reality? explores the way in which disability activists in the United Kingdom and Canada have transformed their aspirations into legal claims in their quest for equality. It unpacks shifting conceptualizations of the political identity of disability and the role of a rights discourse in these dynamics. In doing so, it delves into the diffusion of disability rights among grassrootsorganizationsandthetraditionaldisabilitycharities.Itthenshows howthediffusionofthismodelofdisabilityrightscanexplainhowandwhy disabilityactivistshavedeployedlegalstrategiesinpursuitoftheirgoals. The book draws on a wealth of primary sources, including court records andcampaigndocumentsandencompassinginterviewswithmorethansixty activists and legal experts. In addition to showing that the disability rights movementhashadasignificantimpactonequalityjurisprudenceintwocoun- tries,thebookdemonstratesthattheactofmobilizingrightscanhaveconse- quences,bothintendedandunintended,forsocialmovementsthemselves. LisaVanhalacurrentlyholdsaBritishAcademypostdoctoralfellowshipatthe Centre for Socio-Legal Studies at the University of Oxford. She previously heldanEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil(ESRC)postdoctoralfellow- ship at the Centre for the Study of Human Rights at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Her research has been published in the Journal of European Public Policy, Canadian Journal of Political Science, CommonLawWorldReview,andRegionalandFederalStudies. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information DisabilityLawandPolicy TheDisabilityLawandPolicyseriesexaminesthesetopicsininterdisciplinary and comparative terms. The books in the series reflect the diversity of defi- nitions,causes,andconsequencesofdiscriminationagainstpersonswithdis- abilities, while illuminating fundamental themes that unite countries in their pursuitofhumanrightslawsandpoliciestoimprovethesocialandeconomic status of persons with disabilities. The series contains historical, contempo- rary,andcomparativescholarshipcrucialtoidentifyingindividual,organiza- tional,cultural,attitudinal,andlegalthemesnecessaryfortheadvancementof disabilitylawandpolicy. The book topics covered in the series also are reflective of the new moral and political commitment by countries throughout the world toward equal opportunityforpersonswithdisabilitiesinsuchareasasemployment,hous- ing, transportation, rehabilitation, and individual human rights. The series will thus play a significant role in informing policy makers, researchers, and citizens of issues central to disability rights and disability antidiscrimination policies.Theseriesgroundsthefutureofdisabilitylawandpolicyasavehicle for ensuring that those living with disabilities participate as equal citizens of theworld. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information To Aimo, Paula, and Katie © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information MAKING RIGHTS A REALITY? Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala CentreforSocio-LegalStudies,UniversityofOxford © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10013-2473,USA www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107000872 (cid:1)C LisaVanhala2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata Vanhala,Lisa,1979– Makingrightsareality?:disabilityrightsactivistsandlegalmobilization/LisaVanhala. p. cm.–(Cambridgedisabilitylawandpolicyseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-00087-2(hardback) 1.Peoplewithdisabilities–Legalstatus,laws,etc.–GreatBritain–History. 2.Peoplewith disabilities–GreatBritain–History. 3.Peoplewithdisabilities–Legalstatus,laws,etc.– Canada–History. 4.Peoplewithdisabilities–Canada–History. I.Title. K1970.V36 2011 342.4108(cid:2)7–dc22 2010045638 ISBN978-1-107-00087-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsfor externalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguarantee thatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information Contents ListofFigureandTables pagexi Acknowledgments xiii Abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction:LegalMobilizationandAccommodating SocialMovements 1 ThroughtheCourtroomDoors 1 UnderstandingLegalOpportunity:BalancingStructure andAgency 5 AccommodatingSocialMovements:FramingProcesses andCollectiveIdentity 24 RealizingDisabilityRightsinCourtinCanadaandthe UnitedKingdom 36 2 RightsandPoliticalIdentityintheCanadianDisability Movement 48 Introduction 48 TheEmergenceofaDisabilityRightsConsciousness 50 ADisabilityRightsConsciousnessandtheCharterofRightsand Freedoms(1982) 57 DisabilityOrganizationsandStrategicLitigation 62 Conclusions 105 vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information Contents 3 DisabilityEqualityandOpportunityintheSupreme CourtofCanada 108 Introduction 108 FormulatingaSubstantiveApproachtoEquality:Layingthe Foundation 111 DisabilityRightsCasesReachtheCourt:EveandRodriguez 117 ThePromiseandPitfallsofProactiveDisabilityRightsCases: EatonandEldridge 121 LatimerandAuton:LosingControloftheAgenda 130 RecapturingtheAgenda:TheImmigrationCasesandVIARail 136 Conclusions 144 4 DisabilityOrganizationsandtheDiffusionofRights intheUnitedKingdom 146 Introduction 146 TheEmergenceofaDisabilityRightsConsciousness 147 OrganizationsofPersonswithDisabilitiesversusOrganizations forPersonswithDisabilities:TheSocialModelandLegal Mobilization 156 DisabilityCharities,theDiffusionofMeaningFrames,and LegalAction 162 TheUniqueRoleoftheDisabilityRightsCommission 186 Conclusions 199 5 FramingDisabilityEqualityintheUKCourts 203 Introduction 203 HumanRightsandDisabilityEqualityinBritishLaw 204 EarlyCases:ClarifyingtheMeaningofDisabilityand Discrimination 212 DisabilityandtheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights 224 DisabilityandDignity 229 TheRighttoLifeasaRighttoDie? 232 TheRighttoLifeasaRighttoTreatment:SeizingandReframing theIssue 235 DisabilityandthePoliticsofCaregivingintheEuropeanCourt ofJustice 240 Conclusions 244 viii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information Contents 6 Conclusions:Litigation,Mobilization,andSocial Movements 247 Introduction 247 TheCourts,Disability,andEquality:ACross-National Comparison 249 DisabilityRightsOrganizationsandStrategicLitigation 252 ExplainingtheEmpiricalFindings:TheLimitsofExisting TheoreticalApproaches 256 DisabilityRights,LegalMobilizationTheory,and Sociological–Institutionalism 261 FurtherIssuesforDisabilityStudies,Law,andPolicy 268 Bibliography 273 Index 283 ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information Figure and Tables FIGURE 1.1 RangeofRolesinLegalMobilization page7 TABLES 2.1 EqualityProtectionsinCanadianLawforPersons withDisabilities 60 2.2 DisabilityRightsOrganizationsbeforetheSCC, 1985–2007 65 2.3 CCDRevenuebySource,2005–2007 76 2.4 ExamplesofCourtChallengesofCanadaFundingand LegalExpensesforCCDbyProject,2005–2007 77 2.5 CNIBRevenueandExpenditure,2004–2008 94 2.6 ARCHDisabilityLawCentreParticipationbeforethe SCC,1985–2007 96 3.1 KeyDisabilityEqualityCasesbeforetheSCC, 1985–2007 110 4.1 BCODPFinancialResources,2000–2007 156 4.2 OverviewoftheBigSevenDisabilityCharities, 2002–2003 166 xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00087-2 - Making Rights a Reality?: Disability Rights Activists and Legal Mobilization Lisa Vanhala Frontmatter More information FigureandTables 4.3 ComplaintsofDiscriminationMadetotheDRC Helpline,2004–2007 189 4.4 NumberofLegalCasesSupportedbytheDRC, 2000–2007 191 4.5 ExamplesofInvolvementoftheDRCinKeyCases, 2002–2008 192 5.1 EqualityProtectionsforDisabledPersonsinBritishand EuropeanLaw 205 5.2 KeyDisabilityRightsCasesbeforeUKandEuropean Courts,1998–2008 211 xii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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