Making Radio and Podcasts Making Radio and Podcasts is a practical guide for anyone who wants to learn how to make successful programmes in the digital era. It examines the key roles in audio and podcasting: announcing, presenting, research, copywriting, producing, marketing and promotions. It also outlines what is involved in creating different types of programmes: news and current affairs, music, talkback, comedy and features, podcasts, as well as legal and regulatory constraints. With contributions from industry experts, the fully updated fourth edition is global in focus and reflects the impact of podcasts and digital radio, including multi-platform delivery, listener databases, social media and online marketing. It also examines how radio stations have reinvented their business models to accommodate the rapid changes in communications and listener expectations. This is the ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses on radio, audio and podcasting, media production and digital media, with broader appeal to professionals and practitioners in the audio industries. S teve Ahern, OAM, has been in radio for over 40 years, working in all sectors of the Australian radio industry. He is currently the Head of the ABU Media Academy. Steve was previously Director of Radio at the Australian Film Television and Radio School and also ran his own international radio and new media training company, as well as radioinfo, a website for audio industry broadcast professionals. Making Radio and Podcasts A Practical Guide to Working in Today’s Radio and Audio Industries 4th Edition Edited by Steve Ahern, OAM C over image: © Getty Images F ourth edition published 2022 b y Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN a nd by Routledge 6 05 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 R outledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Steve Ahern; individual chapters, the contributors T he right of Steve Ahern to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A ll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. T rademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. F irst edition published by Allen & Unwin 2003 T hird edition published by Allen & Unwin 2011, Routledge 2020 B ritish Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library L ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested I SBN: 978-1-032-02070-9 (hbk) I SBN: 978-1-032-02072-3 (pbk) I SBN: 978-1-003-18173-6 (ebk) D OI: 10.4324/9781003181736 T ypeset in Granjon b y Apex CoVantage, LLC A ccess the Support Material: www.routledge.com/9781032020723 I dedicate this book to my wife Serena and our two children Daniel and Liam. I also remember my dad and my uncle Cec who were both strong examples to me in my life. Contents Author Page ix List of Contributors x Preface xv 1 History of Radio 1 Steve Ahern, Wayne Mac and Phil Charley 2 The Future of Radio Internationally 30 James Cridland 3 Making Podcasts 41 Britta Jorgensen 4 Broadcast Laws and Regulations 56 Steve Ahern and Joanna White 5 The Studio 73 Steve Ahern and Rod Pascoe 6 Radio Announcing 109 Steve Ahern, Dave Cameron, Greg Byrnes, Fyona Smith and Dean Buchanan 7 Presentation 125 Steve Ahern and Dave Cameron 8 Interviewing 140 Jen Oldershaw and Lucienne Joy 9 Researching and Producing 158 Steve Ahern and Dan Ahern viii Contents 10 Talkback 174 Steve Ahern, Greg Byrnes and Kevin Brumpton 11 Copywriting 188 Kevin Best 12 Audio Production 194 Phil McNab and Kevin Best 13 News 202 Russell Powell and Glenn Daniel 14 Audience Research and Promotions 221 David Rogerson 15 Radio Sales 234 David Maxwell, Pat Bryson and Brett Van Heekeren 16 Programming 247 Barry Keohane, Steve Ahern, Dave Cameron and Greg Byrnes 17 Features and Comedy 270 Ian Heydon, Tony Barrell and Steve Ahern 18 Transmission 279 Gorden Smith and Richard Palmer Glossary 299 Index 313 Author Page Steve Ahern has worked in the radio and audio industries for nearly four decades and has trained hundreds of people who have helped those industries to evolve. He is currently the Head of the Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union’s Media Academy, an international training organisation headquartered in Malaysia. He was previously the Director of Radio at Australia’s elite media university, the Australian Film Television and Radio School (AFTRS). Steve has consulted to broadcasters on four continents, helping their leader- ship teams to evolve their businesses and adapt to the changing media landscape. Through his company Ahern Media & Training (AMT Pty Ltd) he trained broadcasters in social media strategies, mobile journalism (MOJO), smart tech- nology and podcasting, as well as the traditional skills of presenting and produc- ing for radio and television. Steve founded the radio and podcast industry trade publications radioinfo. com.au and podcastinfo.com.au and later expanded them to Asia (radioinfo.asia) and Africa (radioinfo.africa). During his career Steve has begun a number of media tech start-up companies and has steered the boards of media and communications companies around the world to commercial success. He was awarded an Order of Australia Medal in the 2009 Queen’s Birthday honours list for his contribution to media and training. Steve began his media career as a presenter, producer and announcer at vari- ous commercial and community radio stations in Australia, then joined the Aus- tralian Broadcasting Corporation where he managed radio stations in Newcastle (2NC), Canberra (2CN) and Melbourne (3LO). He was the founding consultant for South Africa’s National Electronic Media Institute (NEMISA) and Afghanistan’s Nai Media Institute (NMI), and has developed training curricula for universities and media companies in Singapore and India. Steve has also worked in teaching, international public relations and executive management. Contributors Dan Ahern is a producer at ABC Radio. He was previously Program Director at FBi Radio in Sydney, which increased its audience by 70 per cent during his time at the station. At 2SERFM he was Assistant Music Director. Dan was a board member of the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia and has pre- sented and produced programs on various community radio stations. He is a law graduate and a musician with an EP released on the Future Classic label. Tony Barrell was a highly respected feature and documentary producer who had a long and successful career at ABC Radio National. Many of his specialist feature programs won international awards for their creativity and innova- tive subject matter. RIP, Tony. Kevin Best is the proprietor of Lightbulb Films. He was previously an award- winning producer and copywriter at various radio networks. He regularly travels internationally to deliver consulting and training presentations on high-level creative copywriting techniques. Georgia Brown is a voice-over artist and radio presenter. She has worked as an announcer at metro stations including 2SM Sydney, and has guest lectured in voice-over techniques at AFTRS. Before her work in voice-over and radio she had a successful singing career. Kevin Brumpton is a successful freelance writer who has worked in both the television and radio industries. He was an editorial writer for the John Laws show and a comedy writer for Doug Mulray’s breakfast program, and has written comedy for many television shows. Pat Bryson is an internationally known speaker and trainer specialising in training salespeople and managers. She has consulted stations in the United States, Can- ada, Australia, Europe and Central Asia. Her career has included on air, salesper- son, sales director and general management. Since opening Bryson Broadcasting International, she has travelled extensively and has spoken at most major radio conventions on three continents. Her bi-weekly newsletter is published in Aus- tralia and the United States. Pat is the author of two books, A Roadmap to Success in High Dollar Broadcast Sales and Successful Broadcast Sales: Thriving in Change. She may be reached at www.patbryson.com or [email protected].