society for ecological restoration TheScienceandPracticeofEcologicalRestoration EditorialBoard JamesAronson,EDITOR KarenD.Holl,ASSOCIATEEDITOR DonaldA.Falk,RichardJ.Hobbs,MargaretA.Palmer Acompletelistoftitlesinthisseriescanbefoundinthebackofthisbook. TheSocietyforEcologicalRestoration(SER)isaninternationalnonprofit organization whose mission is to promote ecological restoration as a meanstosustainingthediversityoflifeonEarthandreestablishinganeco- logicallyhealthyrelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Sinceitsincor- poration in 1988, SER has been promoting the science and practice of ecological restoration around the world through its publications, confer- ences,andchapters. SERisarapidlygrowingcommunityofrestorationecologistsandeco- logicalrestorationpractitionersdedicatedtodevelopingscience-basedres- toration practices around the globe. With members in more than fifty countriesandallfiftyUSstates,SERistheworld’sleadingrestorationorga- nization. For more information or to become a member, e-mail us at [email protected],orvisitourwebsiteatwww.ser.org. making nature whole Making Nature Whole A History of Ecological Restoration William R. Jordan III and George M. Lubick Washington|Covelo|London Copyright©2011IslandPress AllrightsreservedunderInternationalandPan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.Nopartof thisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutpermissioninwritingfrom thepublisher:IslandPress,1718ConnecticutAvenueNW,Suite300,Washington,DC20009 IslandPressisatrademarkofTheCenterforResourceEconomics. TextdesignandtypesettingbyKarenWenk PrintedusingElectra LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Jordan,WilliamR. Makingnaturewhole:ahistoryofecologicalrestoration/WilliamR.JordanIIIandGeorge M.Lubick. p.cm.— (Thescienceandpracticeofecologicalrestoration) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-1-59726-512-6(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-512-8(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-1-59726-513-3(pbk.:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-513-6(pbk.:alk.paper) 1. Restorationecology. I.Lubick,GeorgeM., 1943– II.Title. QH541.15.R45J652011 333.71′53—dc22 2011005748 Printedonrecycled,acid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Keywords:IslandPress,SocietyforEcologicalRestoration,restorationecology,ecological restoration,environmentalhistory,environmentalphilosophy,ecocentricrestoration, meliorativelandmanagement,JohnT.CurtisPrairie InmemoryofWalterG.Rosen(1930–2006)—teacher, mentor,democrat,activist,andmanofthebook. Hecoinedthewordbiodiversityandwasanearly championofecologicalrestoration.